Ndondomeko yolimba ya ziwerengero za Bayesian yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'machitidwe ambiri, kuphatikizapo kuphunzira pamakina.
Ziwerengero za ku Bayesian zimapereka njira yosinthika komanso yotheka yofotokozera, mosiyana ndi ziwerengero zakale, zomwe zimatengera magawo ndi kuyerekezera kwa mfundo.
Kumatithandiza kuganizira zomwe tikudziwa kale ndikusintha malingaliro athu pamene chidziwitso chatsopano chikuwonekera.
Ziwerengero za ku Bayesian zimatipatsa kuthekera kopanga ziganizo zodziwika bwino ndikupeza ziganizo zodalirika povomereza kusatsimikizika ndikugwiritsa ntchito kugawa.
Njira za Bayesian zimapereka lingaliro losiyana pakupanga maulumikizidwe ovuta, kuyang'anira deta yochepa, komanso kuthana ndi kuchulukirachulukira muzochitika za makina kuphunzira.
Tiwona momwe ziwerengero za Bayesian zimagwirira ntchito m'nkhaniyi, komanso momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso zopindulitsa pantchito yophunzirira makina.
Mfundo zina zazikulu mu ziwerengero za Bayesian zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa Kuphunzira Kwamakina. Tiyeni tifufuze choyamba; Njira ya Monte Carlo.
Njira ya Monte Carlo
M'mawerengero a Bayesian, njira za Monte Carlo ndizofunikira, ndipo zimakhala ndi zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito makina ophunzirira.
Monte Carlo akuphatikizapo kupanga zitsanzo mwachisawawa kuyambira kugawika kwa kuthekera mpaka kuwerengetsa kovutirapo monga zophatikizika kapena zogawira zam'mbuyo.
The Monte Carlo Method imapereka njira yothandiza yowerengera kuchuluka kwa chidwi ndikuwunika malo okhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba poyesa mobwerezabwereza kuchokera pakugawa chidwi ndi kuwerengera zomwe zapezeka.
Kutengera kuyerekezera kwa ziwerengero, njirayi imathandiza ochita kafukufuku kupanga ziganizo zodziwika bwino, kuwerengera kusatsimikizika, ndi kupeza zotsimikizika.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Monte Carlo Pakuwerengera Moyenera
Kuwerengera kugawidwa kwapambuyo mu ziwerengero za Bayesian nthawi zambiri kumafuna zophatikiza zovuta.
Kuyerekeza koyenera kwa zophatikizika izi zoperekedwa ndi njira ya Monte Carlo kumatithandiza kuti tifufuze bwino kugawa kwapambuyo.
Izi ndizofunikira pakuphunzirira kwamakina, pomwe mitundu yovuta komanso mipata yotalikirapo imakhala yofala.
Poyerekeza moyenera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chidwi monga ziyembekezero, ma histograms, ndi zochepetsetsa pogwiritsa ntchito njira za Monte Carlo, timakhala okonzeka kuyang'ana deta ndikupeza mfundo zake.
Kutenga Chitsanzo kuchokera ku Posterior Distribution
M'malingaliro a Bayesian, sampuli kuchokera kugawa kwapambuyo ndi gawo lofunikira.
Kutha kuyesa kuchokera kumbuyo ndikofunikira pamakina ophunzirira makina, komwe timayesa kuphunzira kuchokera ku data ndikupanga zolosera.
Njira za Monte Carlo zimapereka njira zosiyanasiyana zachitsanzo kuchokera kugawidwa mopanda malire, kuphatikizapo zam'mbuyo.
Njirazi, zomwe zimaphatikizapo njira yosinthira, njira yophatikizira, njira yokana, ndi sampuli yofunikira, zimatithandiza kuchotsa zitsanzo zoyimira kumbuyo, zomwe zimatilola kuti tifufuze ndikumvetsetsa kusatsimikizika kokhudzana ndi zitsanzo zathu.
Monte Carlo mu Maphunziro a Makina
Ma algorithms a Monte Carlo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzira pamakina kuyerekeza kugawika kwam'mbuyo, komwe kumaphatikiza kusatsimikizika kwa magawo amitundu omwe amaperekedwa ku data.
Njira za Monte Carlo zimathandiza kuyeza kusatsimikizika ndi kuyerekezera kuchuluka kwa chidwi, monga ziyembekezo zoyembekeza ndi zizindikiro za machitidwe a chitsanzo, mwa sampuli kuchokera kugawidwa kwapambuyo.
Zitsanzozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana zophunzirira kupanga zolosera, kusankha zitsanzo, kuyeza zovuta zachitsanzo, ndikukwaniritsa malingaliro a Bayesian.
Kuphatikiza apo, njira za Monte Carlo zimapereka chiwongolero chosunthika chothana ndi malo okhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba komanso mitundu yovuta, zomwe zimaloleza kuwunika mwachangu kwapambuyo komanso kupanga zisankho zamphamvu.
Pomaliza, njira za Monte Carlo ndizofunika pakuphunzirira makina chifukwa zimathandizira kuyeza kosatsimikizika, kupanga zisankho, komanso kutengera kugawidwa kwapambuyo.
Markov Chains
Unyolo wa Markov ndi masamu a masamu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza njira za stochastic momwe dongosolo la dongosolo panthawi inayake limatsimikiziridwa ndi chikhalidwe chake chakale.
Unyolo wa Markov, m'mawu osavuta, ndikutsatizana kwa zochitika mwachisawawa kapena madera momwe mwayi wosinthira kuchokera kudera lina kupita ku lina kumatanthauzidwa ndi mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zimadziwika kuti zakusintha.
Maunyolo a Markov amagwiritsidwa ntchito mufizikiki, zachuma, ndi sayansi yamakompyuta, ndipo amapereka maziko olimba ophunzirira ndikufanizira machitidwe ovuta omwe ali ndi machitidwe otheka.
Maunyolo a Markov amalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi kuphunzira kwamakina chifukwa amakulolani kuwonetsa ndikuwunika maubwenzi osinthika ndikupanga zitsanzo kuchokera ku magawo ovuta.
Maunyolo a Markov amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzira pamakina pazogwiritsa ntchito monga kukulitsa deta, kutsatizana motsatizana, ndi kupanga ma generative modelling.
Njira zophunzirira zamakina zimatha kujambula machitidwe ndi maubale awo pomanga ndi kuphunzitsa ma chain a Markov pa data yomwe yawonedwa, kuwapangitsa kukhala othandiza pamapulogalamu monga kuzindikira mawu, kukonza zilankhulo zachilengedwe, komanso kusanthula nthawi.
Unyolo wa Markov ndiwofunikira kwambiri munjira za Monte Carlo, kulola kuti pakhale zitsanzo zabwino komanso kuyerekezera kwa kuphunzira kwamakina a Bayesian, komwe cholinga chake ndi kulosera zam'mbuyo zogawira zomwe zawonedwa.
Tsopano, pali lingaliro linanso lofunikira mu Ziwerengero za Bayesian ndikupanga manambala mwachisawawa pamagawidwe mosasamala. Tiyeni tiwone momwe zimathandizire kuphunzira makina.
Kutulutsa Nambala Mwachisawawa kwa Magawidwe Mwachisawawa
Pantchito zosiyanasiyana pakuphunzirira kwamakina, kuthekera kopanga manambala mwachisawawa kuchokera kumagawidwe osakhazikika ndikofunikira.
Njira ziwiri zodziwika zokwaniritsira cholinga ichi ndi njira yosinthira ndikuvomereza-kukana algorithm.
Inversion algorithm
Titha kupeza manambala mwachisawawa kuchokera pakugawa komwe kumadziwika kuti cumulative distribution function (CDF) pogwiritsa ntchito inversion algorithm.
Titha kusintha manambala amtundu wamba kukhala manambala mwachisawawa ndikugawa koyenera potembenuza CDF.
Njirayi ndiyoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito makina ophunzirira omwe amafunikira sampuli kuchokera kumagulu odziwika bwino chifukwa ndi othandiza komanso ogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
Kuvomereza-Kukana Algorithm
Pamene algorithm wamba palibe, kuvomereza-kukana algorithm ndi njira yosunthika komanso yothandiza yopangira manambala mwachisawawa.
Ndi njira iyi, manambala mwachisawawa amavomerezedwa kapena kukanidwa kutengera kufananiza ndi ntchito ya envelopu. Zimagwira ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha kamangidwe kake ndipo ndizofunikira pakupanga zitsanzo kuchokera kumagulu ovuta.
Pophunzira pamakina, kuvomereza-kukana ma algorithm ndikofunikira makamaka pochita zinthu zamitundumitundu kapena zochitika zomwe njira yowongoka yowunikira ndiyosatheka.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito M'moyo Weniweni Ndi Zovuta
Kupeza ntchito zoyenerera za ma envulopu kapena kuyerekezera komwe kumakulitsa kugawa kwa chandamale ndikofunikira kuti njira zonse ziwiri zigwire ntchito.
Izi nthawi zambiri zimafuna kumvetsetsa bwino za zomwe zimagawidwa.
Chinthu chimodzi chofunikira kuchiganizira ndi chiŵerengero chovomerezeka, chomwe chimayesa mphamvu ya algorithm.
Chifukwa cha zovuta zagawidwe ndi temberero laling'ono, kuvomereza-kukana njira, komabe, kumakhala kovuta m'nkhani zapamwamba. Njira zina zimafunikira kuthana ndi mavutowa.
Kuwonjezera Maphunziro a Makina
Pazochita monga kuwonjezera deta, kuyika zitsanzo, ndi kuyerekezera kosadziwika bwino, kuphunzira pamakina kumafuna kupangidwa kwazinthu zosawerengeka kuchokera ku magawidwe osakhazikika.
Ma algorithms ophunzirira makina amatha kusankha zitsanzo kuchokera kumagulu osiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosinthira ndi kuvomereza-kukana, kulola kusinthika kosinthika ndikuchita bwino.
M'maphunziro a makina a Bayesian, komwe magawo akumbuyo nthawi zambiri amafunikira kuyesedwa ndi zitsanzo, njirazi ndizothandiza kwambiri.
Tsopano, tiyeni tipitirire ku lingaliro lina.
Chiyambi cha ABC (Approximate Bayesian Computation)
Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) ndi njira yowerengera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera zomwe zingachitike, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuthekera kwa kuchitira umboni zamitundu yoperekedwa, ndizovuta.
M'malo mowerengera zomwe zingachitike, ABC imagwiritsa ntchito zofananira kuti ipange deta kuchokera kuchitsanzo chokhala ndi ma parameter ena.
Deta yoyesedwera ndi yowonedwa imafaniziridwa, ndipo zokonda za parameter zomwe zimapanga zofananira zofananira zimasungidwa.
Kulingalira movutikira kwa kugawa kwapambuyo kwa magawo kungapangidwe pobwereza ndondomekoyi ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha mafananidwe, kulola kuti Bayesian inference.
ABC Concept
Lingaliro lalikulu la ABC ndikufanizira deta yofananira yopangidwa ndi modeli kuti muwonere data popanda kuwerengera mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zingachitike.
ABC imagwira ntchito pokhazikitsa mtunda kapena metric yosiyana pakati pa data yowonedwa ndi yofanizira.
Ngati mtunda uli wocheperapo pang'onopang'ono, zikhalidwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zofananira zimaganiziridwa kuti ndizoyenera.
ABC imapanga chiŵerengero cha kugawira kwapambuyo pobwereza ndondomekoyi yovomereza-kukana ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana, kusonyeza mfundo zomveka zoperekedwa ndi deta yomwe yawonedwa.
Maphunziro a Makina a ABCs
ABC imagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzira pamakina, makamaka ngati kutengera zomwe zingachitike kumakhala kovuta chifukwa cha mitundu yovuta kapena yokwera mtengo. ABC itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza kusankha kwachitsanzo, kuyerekeza kwa magawo, ndi kupanga ma generative modelling.
ABC pakuphunzira pamakina imalola ofufuza kuti aganizire za magawo amitundu ndikusankha mitundu yabwino kwambiri pofanizira deta yoyeserera komanso yeniyeni.
Ma algorithms ophunzirira makina atha kupeza zidziwitso zakukayikitsa kwachitsanzo, kufananiza machitsanzo, ndi kupanga zolosera motengera zomwe zawonedwa poyerekeza kugawidwa kwapambuyo kudzera pa ABC, ngakhale kuwunika komwe kuli kokwera mtengo kapena kosatheka.
Kutsiliza
Pomaliza, ziwerengero za ku Bayesian zimapereka chikhazikitso cholimba cha kuwongolera ndi kufananiza pamaphunziro amakina, zomwe zimatilola kuphatikiza zambiri zam'mbuyomu, kuthana ndi kusatsimikizika, ndikupeza zotsatira zodalirika.
Njira za Monte Carlo ndizofunikira pamawerengero a Bayesian ndi kuphunzira pamakina chifukwa zimalola kuwunika koyenera kwa malo ovuta, kuyerekezera kufunikira kwa chidwi, ndi zitsanzo kuchokera kumagawidwe am'mbuyo.
Maunyolo a Markov amawonjezera mphamvu zathu zofotokozera ndi kutsanzira machitidwe othekera, ndikupanga manambala osasinthika pamagawidwe osiyanasiyana amalola kutengera kusinthika komanso kuchita bwino.
Pomaliza, Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) ndi njira yothandiza yowerengera zovuta zomwe zingatheke ndikupanga ziganizo za Bayesian pophunzira makina.
Titha kukulitsa kumvetsetsa kwathu, kukonza zitsanzo, ndi kupanga ziganizo zophunzitsidwa bwino pamakina ophunzirira makina pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo izi.
Siyani Mumakonda