M'ndandanda wazopezekamo[Bisani][Show]
- 1. Mukutanthauza chiyani ndi netiweki?
- 2. Mukutanthauza chiyani kwenikweni ndi mfundo?
- 3. Kodi ulalo ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 4. Fotokozani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maukonde.
- 5. Network Topology: Mukutanthauza chiyani pamenepa?
- 6. Kodi DNS ikutanthauza chiyani kwa inu?
- 7. Mukutanthauza chiyani ndi VPN?
- 8. Kodi munganene mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya VPN?
- 9. Kodi mungapindule chiyani pogwiritsa ntchito VPN?
- 10. Kodi ndi mfundo ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kudalirika kwa netiweki?
- 11. Kodi chitsanzo cha OSI ndi chiyani?
- 12. Kodi mungandiuzepo kanthu za zigawo zachitsanzo za OSI?
- 13. Kodi adilesi ya IPv4 imatanthauza chiyani?
- 14. Kodi ma adilesi a IP a "Private" ndi "Special" amatanthauza chiyani?
- 15. Kodi mukutanthauza chiyani kwenikweni posonyeza kuwala?
- 16. Kodi FTP yosadziwika ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 17. Ndi mitundu ingati yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito posamutsa deta kudzera pamaneti?
- 18. Kodi adilesi ya MAC ikutanthauza chiyani kwa inu?
- 19. Mumamvetsetsa bwanji mawu akuti RIP?
- 20. Kodi mungasiyanitse bwanji burodibandi ndiukadaulo wa baseband?
- 21. Kodi mungakonze bwanji vuto la kugunda kwa ma signal?
- 22. Kodi ma protocol a HTTP ndi HTTPS amatanthauza chiyani?
- 23. Kodi protocol ya SMTP imatanthauza chiyani?
- 24. Kodi ntchito za ma routers ndi ziti ndipo zimasiyana bwanji ndi zipata?
- 25. TCP imayimira chiyani?
- 26. Kodi UDP imayimira chiyani?
- 27. Kodi protocol ya ICMP imatanthauza chiyani?
- 28. Kodi DHCP Protocol ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 29. Fotokozani khomalo.
- 30. Kodi subnet ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 31. Kodi mungadziwe bwanji njira yolumikizirana pakati pa olandila am'deralo ndi seva?
- 32. Tiuzeni za piggybacking.
- 33. Kodi nchiyani chomwe chimapangitsa kutsimikizika kukhala gawo lofunika kwambiri la maukonde apakompyuta, m'malingaliro anu?
- 34. Mukutanthauza chiyani ndi encoder ndi decoder?
- 35. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa Antivayirasi ndi chozimitsa moto?
- Kutsiliza
Maukonde apakompyuta ndi dalitso!
Simukadagwiritsa ntchito intaneti kuti muwerenge izi pompano, ndipo sindikanalemba ngati sizinapangidwe (kugwiritsa ntchito netiweki yanyumba yopanda zingwe kulumikiza zida zanga zamakompyuta).
Kufufuza mozama pamanetiweki apakompyuta mosakayikira kudzawulula kuti ndizovuta kwambiri, koma lingaliro loyambirira lolumikizira makompyuta kuti athe kulumikizana ndi lolunjika.
Kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza zida zambiri zolumikizidwa za IoT, kuphatikiza makamera, zokhoma zitseko, mabelu a pakhomo, mafiriji, makina omvera / owonera, ma thermostats, ndi masensa osiyanasiyana, omwe amatha kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake.
Zipangizozi zimaphatikizapo ma laputopu, ma desktops, maseva, mafoni am'manja, ndi mapiritsi.
Intaneti imagwira ntchito ngati chithunzi chachikulu cha intaneti yapakompyuta.
Tsopano muyenera kukhala okonzekera Mafunso a 2022 a Computer Network Interview ngati mukuyembekezera ntchito yamakampani apakompyuta.
Ndizowona kunena kuti kuyankhulana kulikonse ndikwapadera kutengera mbiri yantchito zosiyanasiyana. Tapanga Mafunso ndi Mayankho ofunikira kwambiri pa Computer Network Interview pano kuti muwonetsetse kuti mukupambana.
1. Mukutanthauza chiyani ndi netiweki?
Netiweki imafotokozedwa ngati gulu la zida zolumikizidwa pamodzi ndi njira zopatsirana.
Makompyuta apakompyuta, mwachitsanzo, ndi gulu la makompyuta omwe amalumikizidwa palimodzi kuti asinthane zambiri ndi zinthu, kuphatikiza zida, data, ndi mapulogalamu. Ma node mu netiweki amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza maukonde awiri kapena kuposerapo palimodzi.
2. Mukutanthauza chiyani kwenikweni ndi mfundo?
Mu netiweki, node ndi malo omwe njira ziwiri zimalumikizana. Mu netiweki, ma node amatha kutumiza ndi kulandira deta ndi zambiri.
Pali ma node awiri pa netiweki, mwachitsanzo, ngati makompyuta awiri alumikizidwa palimodzi kuti apange. Mofanana ndi izi, padzakhala mfundo zitatu ngati pali makompyuta, ndi zina zotero.
Chida chilichonse cholumikizirana, monga chosindikizira, seva, modemu, ndi zina zotere, zitha kugwira ntchito ngati node ndipo siziyenera kukhala kompyuta.
3. Kodi ulalo ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Mu mawonekedwe ake osavuta, ulalo ndi kulumikizana pakati pa makompyuta awiri kapena kupitilira apo kapena zida. Kutengera ngati ndi waya kapena kulumikiza popanda zingwe, chikhoza kukhala chirichonse.
Maulalo opanda zingwe amagwiritsa ntchito malo olowera, ma routers, ndi zida zina zopanda zingwe, pomwe maulalo akuthupi amagwiritsa ntchito zingwe, ma hubs, masiwichi, ndi zina.
4. Fotokozani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maukonde.
- PAN: Ma PAN (Personal Area Networks) amathandiza zipangizo kuti zigwirizane ndi kulankhulana pamtundu wa munthu.
- LAN: Ndi netiweki yachinsinsi yomwe imagwira ntchito mkati ndi pafupi ndi malo amodzi, monga nyumba, kampani, kapena fakitale.
- MUNTHU: The Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), imalumikiza ndikukuta mzindawu. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani kugwirizana kwa chingwe cha TV.
- WAN: Malo ambiri ochezera a pa Intaneti amakhudza dziko lonse kapena kontinenti. Intaneti ndiye WAN wamkulu kwambiri.
- GAN: Intaneti ndi dzina loperekedwa ku makina omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma satelayiti kulumikiza dziko lonse lapansi. Intaneti imadziwikanso kuti Network of Wide Area Networks.
5. Network Topology: Mukutanthauza chiyani pamenepa?
Maonekedwe a netiweki, kapena topology, amatsimikizira momwe makompyuta kapena ma node adzalumikizidwe wina ndi mnzake.
6. Kodi DNS ikutanthauza chiyani kwa inu?
Mapulogalamu a seva/makasitomala amabwera m'mitundu iwiri yosiyana. Wogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwachindunji, pomwe inayo imathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu.
Gulu lachiwiri limaphatikizapo machitidwe a mayina a mayina, omwe mapulogalamu ena amagwiritsa ntchito kupeza ma adilesi a IP a omwe amalandila maimelo, mwa zina.
7. Mukutanthauza chiyani ndi VPN?
Kuthekera kopanga maukonde otetezedwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma network omwe anthu onse amadziwika kuti ndi intaneti yachinsinsi kapena VPN.
Kuchuluka kwanu pa intaneti kumasungidwa ndi VPNs, zomwe zimabisanso dzina lanu pa intaneti.
Anthu ena adzapeza zovuta kwambiri kuyang'anira zochitika zanu pa intaneti ndikubera deta. Kubisa kwanthawi yeniyeni kumachitika.
8. Kodi munganene mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya VPN?
- Access VPN: Ndi netiweki yachinsinsi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza ma telecommuters ndi ogwiritsa ntchito mafoni akutali. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo olumikizirana ndi dial-up ndi ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network). Ndi njira yotsika mtengo yokhala ndi zosankha zingapo zolumikizira.
- Site-to-Site VPN: Makampani akuluakulu okhala ndi nthambi m'malo angapo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito tsamba-to-site kapena rauta-to-router VPN kulumikiza maukonde a ofesi imodzi kupita kwina m'malo osiyanasiyana.
- Intranet VPN: Zomangamanga zogawana (monga ma seva ndi kulumikizidwa kwa intaneti) zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza maofesi akutali m'malo angapo okhala ndi miyezo yofikira yofanana ndi WAN yachinsinsi (ma network akutali).
- Extranet VPN: Kugwiritsa ntchito kamangidwe ka intranet wamba, ogulitsa, makasitomala, othandizana nawo, ndi mabungwe ena amalumikizidwa kudzera pa extranet VPN.
9. Kodi mungapindule chiyani pogwiritsa ntchito VPN?
- VPN masks pa intaneti ndikubisa deta ya intaneti.
- Poyerekeza ndi maulumikizidwe a WAN, VPN ndiyotsika mtengo ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza maofesi kumadera osiyanasiyana akutali.
- Kuti mutumize mosamala deta yodziwika bwino pakati pa maofesi angapo omwe afalikira kumadera osiyanasiyana, VPN imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Pogwiritsa ntchito ma virtualization, VPN imateteza chidziwitso cha kampani ku zoopsa zilizonse kapena kuwukiridwa.
10. Kodi ndi mfundo ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kudalirika kwa netiweki?
Kudalirika kwa netiweki kuchita ntchito yofunika kudzera pa netiweki, monga kulumikizana pamaneti, kumatchedwa kudalirika kwa intaneti.
Kugwira ntchito kwa intaneti kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kudalirika kwa intaneti.
Njira ndi zida zowunikira maukonde ndizofunikira pamaneti odalirika.
Zida zama netiweki zimawonetsetsa kuti deta ifika komwe ikupita pomwe makina owunikira amawunikira zovuta zapaintaneti.
11. Kodi chitsanzo cha OSI ndi chiyani?
Mawu oti "Open System Interconnection" amatanthauza chitsanzo chomwe chimafotokozera momwe mapulogalamu angayankhulirane wina ndi mzake kudzera pa intaneti.
Kuphatikiza apo, imafotokoza njira yolankhulirana mu netiweki ndikuthandizira kumvetsetsa kulumikizana pakati pa maukonde.
Zinthu zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa kudalirika kwa netiweki:
- Nthawi Yopuma: Nthawi yofunikira kuti muchiritsidwe imatchedwa nthawi yopuma.
- Kulephera Kutheka: Nthawi zambiri zomwe zimalephera kuchita monga momwe zimayembekezeredwa ndiye vuto.
- Tsoka likusonyeza kuti tsoka losayembekezereka, monga moto kapena chivomezi, lakhudza maukonde.
12. Kodi mungandiuzepo kanthu za zigawo zachitsanzo za OSI?
- Physical Layer (Wosanjikiza 1): data bit to magetsi kutembenuza mphamvu.
- Data Link Layer (Layer 2): Bits kuchokera pa paketi ya data zidzasungidwa ndi kusinthidwa.
- Network Layer (Layer 3): Kusinthana kwa datagrams pakati pa magulu awiri.
- Transport Layer (Layer 4): Woyang'anira kutumiza deta pakati pa magulu.
- Gawo la Gawo (Mgawo 5): Konzani ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa ma siginolo apakompyuta.
- Chigawo Chachiwonetsero (Mtundu 6): Sinthani data ya gawo la pulogalamu.
- Chigawo cha Ntchito (Mtundu 7): Chigawo cha ntchito ndi wogwiritsa ntchito amalumikizana.
13. Kodi adilesi ya IPv4 imatanthauza chiyani?
Ma adilesi a netiweki a 32-bit dynamic adilesi ndi omwe amadziwika kuti adilesi ya IP. Adilesi ya IPv4 imakhala ndi ma octet 4 a manambala a 8-bit, iliyonse yomwe imatha kukhala ndi mtengo wofikira 255.
14. Kodi ma adilesi a IP a "Private" ndi "Special" amatanthauza chiyani?
Adilesi Yachinsinsi: Pakalasi iliyonse, pali ma adilesi a IP omwe amangogwiritsidwa ntchito mwachinsinsi. Popeza zidazi sizosinthika, sizitha kugwiritsa ntchito adilesi ya IP iyi.
Adilesi Yapadera: Ma adilesi a IP, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa loopback adilesi, ali pakati pa 127.0.0.1 ndi 127.255.255.255.
15. Kodi mukutanthauza chiyani kwenikweni posonyeza kuwala?
Kuyang'ana kumachitika pamene netiweki ikuyesera kudzikonza yokha ikakumana ndi zovuta. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mphete ya chizindikiro ndi maukonde a Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI).
Zida zomwe sizikulandira chizindikiro zimachenjezedwa ngati chipangizo cha intaneti chikukumana ndi zovuta. Mwanjira imeneyi, vuto la netiweki limakonzedwa.
16. Kodi FTP yosadziwika ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kupeza zambiri zapagulu pogwiritsa ntchito FTP yosadziwika. Kulowa sikudziwika ndipo wogwiritsa ntchito sakufunika kuti adziwonetse yekha ku seva.
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito FTP yosadziwika, muyenera m'malo mwa id ndi "osadziwika."
Ma FTP osadziwika amagawana bwino mafayilo akulu ndi olandila ambiri popanda kuwulula kuchuluka kwa dzina lolowera ndi mawu achinsinsi.
17. Ndi mitundu ingati yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito posamutsa deta kudzera pamaneti?
Simplex: Simplex imatanthawuza kayendedwe ka deta komwe kumachitika kumbali imodzi. Deta imatumizidwa mu simplex mode mwina kuchokera kwa wotumiza kupita kwa wolandila kapena kuchokera kwa wolandila kupita kwa wotumiza. Monga fanizo, lingalirani zowulutsira pawailesi kapena chizindikiro chosindikizira chotumizidwa kuchokera pakompyuta kupita ku chosindikizira.
Half Duplex: Mayendedwe onse a data ndizotheka, koma osati nthawi imodzi. Monga njira ina, deta imafalitsidwa ndikulandiridwa. Mwachitsanzo, wogwiritsa ntchito akatumiza pempho kwa seva akamasakatula pa intaneti, seva imayankha ndi tsamba lawebusayiti pambuyo pokonza pempholo.
Duplex Yathunthu: Kutumiza kwa data kumachitika nthawi imodzi m'njira zonse ziwiri. Mwachitsanzo, misewu iwiri yokhala ndi misewu iwiri yamagalimoto, kulumikizana pafoni, ndi zina.
18. Kodi adilesi ya MAC ikutanthauza chiyani kwa inu?
Media Access Control imatchedwa MAC. Ndi chipangizo cha Media Access Control Layer adilesi mu zomangamanga.
Popeza ndi yapadera, chipangizo chimodzi chokha chingakhale ndi adilesi ya MAC yofanana.
19. Mumamvetsetsa bwanji mawu akuti RIP?
Routing Information Protocol imatchedwa RIP. Ma routers amalumikizana nawo kuti asamutse deta pakati pa maukonde.
RIP ndi ndondomeko yosinthika yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito njira yowerengera hop kuti idziwe njira yoyenera kudutsa netiweki kuchokera kugwero kupita komwe mukupita.
Protocol iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma routers kulumikizana Network topology deta.
Ma network ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati atha kugwiritsa ntchito protocol iyi.
20. Kodi mungasiyanitse bwanji burodibandi ndiukadaulo wa baseband?
Njira zonse ziwirizi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula zizindikiro kudutsa mawaya. Tekinoloje ya Baseband imasamutsa deta pogwiritsa ntchito ma siginecha a digito, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti deta imatumizidwa ndikulandilidwa panjira yomweyo.
Broadband imapereka deta pogwiritsa ntchito ma analogi osadziwika, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti deta imatumizidwa ndikulandiridwa kudzera mu njira ziwiri zodziimira.
21. Kodi mungakonze bwanji vuto la kugunda kwa ma signal?
Nkhani ya ma sign bounce ilipo mu bus topology. Makompyuta mu bus topology amalumikizidwa kudzera pa waya wa coaxial. Pachimangidwe ichi, chizindikiro cha makompyuta chimafalikira kuchokera ku kompyuta yotumizira m'njira zonse ziwiri.
Chizindikirochi chimabwerera m'mbuyo ndikubwereranso momwe chinachokera pamene chikufika kumapeto kwa waya.
Nkhani yokulirapo kwa ma sign ndi iyi. Ma Terminators angagwiritsidwe ntchito kumapeto kwa chingwe kuthetsa vutoli.
The terminator imatenga ma signature ikafika pamenepo. Nkhani yokhudzana ndi kugunda kwa siginecha yakonzedwa.
22. Kodi ma protocol a HTTP ndi HTTPS amatanthauza chiyani?
HyperText Transfer Protocol, kapena HTTP, ndi mndandanda wa malamulo ndi malamulo omwe amatsogolera momwe deta ingasinthidwe pa World Wide Web (WWW).
Imathandizira kuyanjana kwakukulu pakati pa ma seva ndi asakatuli. Pokhala protocol yopanda malire, pempho lililonse limakhala lodziyimira pawokha lomwe lisanachitike.
Kutengera TCP, HTTP ndi protocol wosanjikiza. Doko lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito mwachisawawa ndi 80.
HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure, kapena Secure HTTP, imatchulidwa ndi chidule cha HTTPS. Ndikusintha kosinthika komanso kotetezeka kwa HTTP.
Chitetezo chimawonjezedwa ku HTTP kudzera pa protocol ya SSL/TLS.
Kulumikizana kwa encrypting kumathandizira kuti pakhale zotetezeka komanso zimathandizira kuzindikirika kotetezedwa kwa ma network. Nthawi zambiri, port 443 imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
23. Kodi protocol ya SMTP imatanthauza chiyani?
The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol imadziwika kuti SMTP. Malamulo a kuyankhulana kwa seva-to-server amatchulidwa ndi SMTP. Pulogalamuyi imatha kutumiza maimelo kudzera pa intaneti mothandizidwa ndi malangizo awa.
Njira zonse za Mapeto ndi Mapeto ndi Sungani-ndi-Patsogolo zimathandizidwa. Pa port 25, imayikidwa kuti ikhale yomvera nthawi zonse.
24. Kodi ntchito za ma routers ndi ziti ndipo zimasiyana bwanji ndi zipata?
Chida cholumikizira intaneti chotchedwa rauta chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza magawo awiri kapena angapo pamanetiweki. Imawongolera momwe magalimoto a netiweki amatumizidwa. Imatumiza mapaketi azidziwitso ndi data, monga masamba, maimelo, zithunzi, ndi makanema, kuchokera komwe akupita.
Pa network layer, imagwira ntchito.
Komabe, mosiyana ndi rauta, yomwe imangopereka deta ku maukonde ofanana, zipata zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyendetsa ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa maukonde.
25. TCP imayimira chiyani?
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol nthawi zina imadziwika kuti TCP kapena TCP/IP. Malamulo angapo amatsimikizira momwe kompyuta imalumikizirana ndi intaneti ndikutumiza deta pamaneti.
Makompyuta ambiri akalumikizidwa ndi netiweki, amakhazikitsa netiweki yeniyeni ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yogwirana chanza yanjira zitatu kuti akhazikitse kulumikizana, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yodalirika.
26. Kodi UDP imayimira chiyani?
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) ndi datagram-based. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri powulutsa komanso kuwulutsa zambiri.
Kupatulapo njira zitatu zogwirana chanza ndi kuyang'ana zolakwika, ntchito yake ndi yofanana ndi ya TCP/IP Protocol.
Imagwiritsa ntchito njira yowongoka popanda kugwirana chanza, zomwe zimachepetsa kudalirika kwake.
27. Kodi protocol ya ICMP imatanthauza chiyani?
Internet Control Message Protocol imadziwika kuti ICMP. Ndi njira yothanirana ndi vuto la netiweki.
Ndikofunikira pakulengeza zolakwika, kutsimikizira ngati detayo ikufika komwe mukufuna munthawi yake, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi zida zapaintaneti monga ma routers pothana ndi mavuto olumikizana ndi netiweki. Port 7 imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachisawawa.
28. Kodi DHCP Protocol ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol imadziwika kuti DHCP. Ndi pulogalamu yosanjikiza pulogalamu yomwe imangodziyika zida za IP network kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito ma protocol a TCP ndi UDP.
Zipangizozi zimatha kulumikizana ndi netiweki ya IP chifukwa ma seva a DHCP amangotulutsa ma adilesi a IP ndi ma netiweki ena.
Imathandizira kupeza adilesi ya IP, chigoba cha subnet, ndi kusamvana kwa DNS. Mwachikhazikitso, port 67 imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
29. Fotokozani khomalo.
Dongosolo lachitetezo chapaintaneti lomwe limadziwika kuti firewall limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira magalimoto omwe akubwera ndi otuluka ndikuletsa malinga ndi malamulo achitetezo a firewall.
Imakhala ngati chotchinga pakati pa zida zolumikizirana ndi intaneti (pagulu) (ma network achinsinsi).
Kaya chidutswa cha hardware, pulogalamu ya pulogalamu, kapena zonsezi zikukhudzidwa. Imapatsa ma netiweki chitetezo chowonjezera.
30. Kodi subnet ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Subnet ndi netiweki yomwe ili mkati mwa netiweki ina yopangidwa kudzera mu njira yolumikizira, yomwe imathandiza kugawa netiweki kukhala ma subnets. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonjezera mphamvu ya njira ndi kulimbitsa chitetezo pamaneti.
Njira yopezera adilesi yolandirira kuchokera pa tebulo lamayendedwe imatenga nthawi yochepa.
31. Kodi mungadziwe bwanji njira yolumikizirana pakati pa olandila am'deralo ndi seva?
Gwiritsani ntchito lamulo la Traceroute kuti mupeze njira yomwe idatengedwa ndi kulumikizana pakati pa makina anu ndi seva yomwe mukufuna.
Ndi chida chowunikira ma netiweki chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa chomwe chayambitsa zovuta zamaukonde.
Imasunga ma routers onse omwe paketi ya data imagwiritsa ntchito kuti ifike komwe ikupita komanso kuchedwa kulikonse pamaulendo.
32. Tiuzeni za piggybacking.
Mwa njira ziwiri zoyankhulirana, wolandirayo amayankha wotumiza atalandira mapaketi a data. Ganizirani zomwe wolandila amachedwetsa kutumiza chivomerezocho mpaka netiweki itadutsa mu paketi yapa data.
Zikatero, chimango cha data chomwe chikubwera chimaphatikizapo kuvomereza. Piggybacking ndi dzina lachinthuchi.
33. Kodi nchiyani chomwe chimapangitsa kutsimikizika kukhala gawo lofunika kwambiri la maukonde apakompyuta, m'malingaliro anu?
Kutsimikizira ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira zidziwitso za wogwiritsa ntchito musanamuthandize kupeza netiweki. Dzina lolowera ndi mawu achinsinsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti achite.
Izi zimapereka njira yotetezeka yopewera anthu osaloledwa kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti.
34. Mukutanthauza chiyani ndi encoder ndi decoder?
Encoder ndi pulogalamu, dera, kapena chipangizo chomwe chimamasulira deta kuchokera kumtundu wina kupita ku wina.
Mu encoder, zokopa za analogi zimasinthidwa kukhala digito.
Decoder ndi pulogalamu, hardware, kapena chigawo china chomwe chimasintha deta yosungidwa kukhala mawonekedwe ake oyambirira.
Ma decoder amasintha zokopa za analogi kukhala za digito.
35. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa Antivayirasi ndi chozimitsa moto?
Mapulogalamu awiri osiyana achitetezo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamanetiweki ndi firewall ndi antivayirasi.
Maukonde achinsinsi a intranet amatetezedwa ndi firewall, yomwe imakhala ngati mlonda wapakhomo kuti aletse ogwiritsa ntchito osaloledwa.
Chozimitsa moto chimayang'ana uthenga uliwonse ndikukana zomwe zili zosatetezeka.
Mapulogalamu otchedwa antivayirasi amateteza kompyuta ku ma virus, mapulogalamu aukazitape, adware, ndi mapulogalamu ena oyipa.
Dongosolo silingatetezedwe ku pulogalamu yaumbanda, mapulogalamu aukazitape, ndi ziwopsezo zina ndi firewall.
Kutsiliza
Networking ndi imodzi mwamitu yofunika kwambiri yofunsa mafunso chifukwa ndizovuta kupewa intaneti masiku ano. Makilomita 1.3 miliyoni a zingwe za undersea optical fiber zikuyembekezeka kukhazikitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi kuti zilumikizane ndi intaneti pofika chaka cha 2022.
Pali mawaya ochulukirapo okwanira kuti amalize kuzungulira padziko lonse lapansi.
Aliyense amene amapita kukacheza pa intaneti adzapeza kuti nkhaniyi ndi yothandiza.
Poyankhulana, munthu ayenera kusamala pamene akuyankha mafunso chifukwa kugwirizana ndi nkhani yovuta. Ndi mafunso omwe tawatchulawa, simudzakhala ndi vuto kuchotsa kuyankhulana.
Siyani Mumakonda