M'ndandanda wazopezekamo[Bisani][Show]
Kupanga khodi yaukhondo komanso yokhazikika ndikofunikira kuti projekiti iliyonse ikhale yopambana kwanthawi yayitali pakupanga mapulogalamu. Kusiyana pakati pa code yoyera ndi yokhazikika ndikuti yoyamba imatha kusinthidwa ndikusungidwa nthawi yonse, pomwe yomalizayo ndi yosavuta kuwerenga, kumvetsetsa, ndikusintha.
Maupangiri awa ndi ofunikira chifukwa amamasula opanga ku zovuta zosefa pamndandanda wama code osalongosoka kuti awonjezere mwachangu zatsopano ndikuthetsa zolakwika.
Kupereka mapulojekiti a pulogalamuyo kukhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera komanso kulekanitsa nkhawa, zomangamanga za anyezi zitha kuthandiza kukwaniritsa zolinga izi.
Onion Architecture imalola omanga kuti ayang'ane pamalingaliro a gawo lililonse osaganizira za milingo yomwe ili pansi pake pophwanya pulogalamuyo kukhala zigawo zokhazikika. Chifukwa zosinthidwa pagawo limodzi sizikhudza zina, kulekanitsa kwa maudindo kumapangitsa kukonza ma code ndikusintha kukhala kosavuta pakapita nthawi.
Madivelopa amatha kupanga mapulogalamu omwe amagwira ntchito, otha kuwongolera, komanso osinthika pakapita nthawi potsatira mfundo za zomangamanga za anyezi.
Mu positi iyi, tiwona mfundo zazikulu, zabwino, ndikugwiritsa ntchito kamangidwe ka anyezi pama projekiti anu.
Kodi kamangidwe ka anyezi ndi chiyani?
Njira yoyika ma code a ntchito molingana ndi magwiridwe antchito ndi cholinga chake imadziwika kuti kamangidwe ka anyezi. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kupanga mabwalo ozungulira kapena zigawo mozungulira chigawo chapakati, chomwe chili chonse chimakhala ndi ntchito yapadera ndipo chimakhala ndi zodalira zomwe zimalowa mkati mwake.
Ntchito zomangamanga ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe zimayimiridwa ndi zigawo zakunja za pulogalamuyo, pomwe mfundo zazikuluzikulu za pulogalamuyo zimayimiridwa ndi wosanjikiza wokhala ndipamwamba kwambiri.
Onion Architecture ili ndi phindu lalikulu, makamaka popanga mapulogalamu apamwamba, ovuta kwambiri. Ndizosavuta kuyesa, kusunga, ndikukweza codebase pakapita nthawi pulogalamu ikamangidwa m'magawo, zomwe zimalekanitsa malingaliro abizinesi kuchokera pagawo lowonetsera ndi zomangamanga.
Kuphatikiza apo, kusinthasintha uku kumathandizira opanga kusintha magawo kapena matekinoloje osakhudza magawo ena adongosolo, zomwe zitha kukhala zofunika kwambiri pakachitika zinthu zina zomwe zitha kukhala zachikale kapena zachikale.
Zigawo za kamangidwe ka anyezi
Maziko a kamangidwe ka anyezi ndi lingaliro la mabwalo ozungulira kapena zigawo, zomwe ziri ndi ntchito yosiyana komanso zimagwirizana ndi zina mwa njira zomveka bwino. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Onion Architecture ndi zomwe zikuphatikiza zalembedwa pansipa:
Domain Layer
Dongosolo lofunikira lazogwiritsira ntchito likuphatikizidwa apa, gawo lakuya kwambiri la zomangamanga za anyezi. Ikufotokoza za zomangamanga, zitsanzo, ndi mabungwe omwe amafotokoza dera lamalonda la pulogalamuyo.
Kukhazikitsa malamulo abizinesi, kutsimikizira, ndi zinthu zina zofunika zomwe zimapanga ntchito yayikulu ya pulogalamuyo ndiudindo wagawo la domain. Ndizosavuta kuyesa ndikusunga ngati logic ya domain imasungidwa mosiyana ndi magawo ena.
Gawo la Ntchito
Chigawo cha ntchito chimayima pakati pa gawo la domain ndi gawo la zomangamanga. Kugwiritsa ntchito milandu, malangizo, ndi zinthu zina zimapanga malingaliro ogwiritsira ntchito, omwe amakwaniritsa malingaliro abizinesi akugwiritsa ntchito. Kuti amalize ntchito zake, gawo la ntchito limalumikizana ndi gawo la domain.
Imasinthanitsanso deta ndi gawo lachitukuko kuti muwerenge ndi kulemba deta. Komanso, wosanjikizawu umapereka API yomwe gawo lachitukuko limatha kugwiritsa ntchito kuti lipeze zosowa zamabizinesi, ndipo limayang'anira kusandutsa zofunikirazo kukhala code yogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Gawo Lachitetezo
Chigawo chomwe chimalumikizana ndi mabungwe akunja monga nkhokwe, ma API, ndi ntchito zakunja zimadziwika kuti gawo la zomangamanga. Imalumikizana ndi gawo la domain kudzera m'malo olumikizirana ndipo imapereka magwiridwe antchito owonetsedwa ndi gawo la pulogalamuyo.
Kusungirako deta, maukonde, ndi chitetezo ndi zochepa chabe mwazinthu zomwe wosanjikiza uyu amasamalira polumikizana ndi zinthu zakunja. Chigawo cha zomangamanga chikhoza kusinthidwa ndikuwonjezeredwa zatsopano popanda kukhudza ntchito yonseyo pozisunga kuti ikhale yodziimira pamagulu ena.
Mzere Wowonetsera
Mawonekedwe a pulogalamuyo amapangidwa ndi mawonedwe ndi owongolera, ndipo gawo lowonetsera ndilofunika kuyang'anira. Kuti mupeze ndikuyika deta ndikuwongolera zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amalowa ndi zomwe atulutsa, imalumikizana ndi gawo la pulogalamuyo.
Kuti mumalize ntchito ndikuwonetsa deta m'njira yosavuta kuti ogwiritsa ntchito azitha kumvetsetsa, gawoli limagwira ntchito limodzi ndi gawo la ntchito. Gawo lowonetsera liyenera kukhala losiyana ndi magawo ena kuti athe kusintha mawonekedwe a ogwiritsa ntchito ndikusunga ma codebase mosavuta.
5 Akuluakulu Ofunikira a zomangamanga za Anyezi
Mapangidwe a mapulogalamuwa amachokera pamalingaliro angapo ofunikira omwe amapanga Onion Architecture. Malangizowa amatsimikizira kusinthasintha kwa codebase, kuyeserera, komanso kusamalidwa kwanthawi yayitali. Malingaliro otsogolera a kamangidwe ka anyezi ndi awa:
- Kupatukana kwa nkhawa: Lingaliro ili likufuna kugawa magawo osiyanasiyana a pulogalamuyo kukhala ma module kapena zigawo. Chigawo chilichonse chizikhala chodziyimira pawokha chifukwa chili ndi ntchito yake yapadera. Ndizosavuta kuyesa, kukonza, ndikukweza codebase pakapita nthawi chifukwa cha gawoli.
- Concentric Layer: Kapangidwe ka anyezi kumaphatikizapo kukonza magawo a pulogalamuyo kukhala mabwalo okhazikika omwe amakhazikika pamtundu wapakati. Lingaliro lazamalonda la pulogalamuyo lili mugawo lakuya kwambiri, lomwe limayimira mtundu wa domain. Mawonekedwe a ogwiritsa ntchito ndi zomangamanga zimayimiridwa m'magawo akunja.
- Kudziyimira pawokha kwa Zigawo: Zomangamanga za anyezi ziyenera kukhala zodziyimira pawokha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuti wosanjikiza ugwire ntchito bwino, siyenera kudalira wosanjikiza wina. M'malo mwake, gawo lililonse liyenera kukhala lodziyimira pawokha komanso lodziwika bwino.
- Jekeseni Wodalira: Ndi kamangidwe ka anyezi, kudalirana pakati pa zigawo kumayendetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira yomwe imadziwika kuti jekeseni wodalira. Zimaphatikizapo kupereka zodalira ku chigawo chimodzi m'malo mochilola kuti chizipanga chokha. Codebase imakhala yosinthika komanso yosinthika chifukwa cha njirayi.
- Kuyesa mayunitsi: Gawo lofunikira la Onion Architecture ndikuyesa magawo. Chigawo chilichonse chiyenera kupangidwa m'njira yomwe imapangitsa kuyesa kukhala kosavuta. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti gawo lililonse liyenera kukhala lodziwika bwino ndi magawo ena komanso kukhala opanda zinthu zakunja monga nkhokwe kapena ma API. Kudalirika ndi kumasuka kwa cholakwika cha codebase zonse zimatsimikiziridwa kudzera pakuyesa mayunitsi.
Ubwino wa kamangidwe ka anyezi
"Anyezi Architecture," mapulogalamu odziwika bwino a mapulogalamu, ali ndi ubwino wambiri kwa mabizinesi ndi omanga. Zina mwazabwino zazikulu zamamangidwe a anyezi zalembedwa pansipa.
Kusintha
Maonekedwe a modular omwe amakondedwa ndi Onion Architecture amapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kukulitsa ntchito. Mapangidwewa amapangidwa mozungulira domeni yayikulu yomwe imakhala ndi malingaliro abizinesi a pulogalamuyo ndipo imazunguliridwa ndi zigawo zina zomwe zimakhudzana ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a pulogalamuyi.
Pulogalamuyi imatha kukulitsidwa mosavuta ndi zina zowonjezera ndi kuthekera kwake chifukwa cha kamangidwe kake popanda kukhudza gawo loyambira.
Zimakhalanso zosavuta kusunga mapangidwe onse chifukwa cha kulekanitsa kosiyana kwa maudindo pamagulu onse, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kusinthidwa kwa gawo limodzi sikufuna kusintha kwa zigawo zina.
Kuyesedwa
Kuyesa kwa Onion Architecture ndi chimodzi mwazabwino zake zazikulu. Ndikosavuta kuyesa wosanjikiza uliwonse pawokha chifukwa zomangamanga zimalimbikitsa kulekanitsa nkhawa.
Madivelopa amatha kupanga mayeso a mayunitsi omwe amatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwa gawo lililonse pogawa pulogalamuyo kukhala tinthu tating'ono, todziyimira pawokha. Kuphatikiza pa kuonetsetsa kuti pulogalamuyo ikugwira ntchito bwino, izi zimapangitsanso kukhala kosavuta kupeza ndikukonza zolakwika.
Kusasunga
Zomangamanga zokhazikika komanso zosinthika zomwe Onion Architecture imalimbikitsa zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kusunga kugwiritsa ntchito pakapita nthawi. Madivelopa amatha kusintha gawo limodzi popanda kukhudza magawo ena chifukwa gawo lililonse limakhala ndi ntchito yosiyana ndipo limalumikizana ndi zigawo zina kudzera m'malo owonekera bwino.
Zotsatira zake, kusintha zosowa zamabizinesi kumatha kuthandizidwa mosavuta popanda kulembanso mapulogalamu a pulogalamuyo.
kusinthasintha
Zomangamanga za Onion Architecture zimathandiza opanga kusintha ntchito popanda kukhudza zigawo zina zamakina. Madivelopa amatha kusintha kapena kusintha zida popanda kusintha zida zina zamakina popeza gawo lililonse limakhala lodziyimira pawokha ndipo limangolumikizana ndi magawo ena kudzera pamawonekedwe odziwika bwino.
Izi zimathetsa kufunika kodandaula ndi teknoloji yomwe ilipo ndipo zimathandiza mabungwe kusintha kusintha kwa msika ndi zofuna za makasitomala.
sitingathe
Ngakhale Onion Architecture ndi pulogalamu yamphamvu yamapulogalamu yomwe imapereka zabwino zambiri, ilibe zovuta. Zotsatirazi ndi zina zoletsa kamangidwe ka anyezi:
- Kuwonjezeka Kovuta: Kuvuta kwa pulogalamuyi kumatha kukwera chifukwa cha zomangamanga za anyezi, zomwe ndi chimodzi mwazovuta zake. Madivelopa ayenera kukhalabe ndi ma code ambiri ndikuthana ndi zovuta zowonjezera zokonzekera kuyanjana pakati pa zigawozo chifukwa chogawaniza pulogalamuyi kukhala zigawo zing'onozing'ono, zochulukirapo.
- Njira Yophunzirira Yotsika: Madivelopa omwe sadziwa mfundo zotsogola komanso njira zabwino zopangira mapangidwe atha kupeza zovuta kuti adziwe Architecture ya Onion. Kuti pulogalamuyo ikhale yodalirika, yotha kutha, komanso yowongoka, opanga ayenera kudziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito zigawo za zomangamanga moyenera.
- Performance Overhead: Chifukwa cha zigawo zowonjezera ndi zolumikizira zomwe zimafunikira, kamangidwe ka anyezi angapereke chilango cha ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito. Kuchita kwa pulogalamuyi kungachedwetsedwe ndi code yowonjezera ndi kuyanjana pakati pa zigawo.
- Kupitilira-Engineering: Kugwiritsa ntchito Onion Architecture kumakweza kuthekera kwa opanga mapulogalamu modabwitsa. Madivelopa ali pachiwopsezo chopanga mapangidwe ovuta kwambiri, osokonekera poika chidwi kwambiri pakusintha modula komanso kulekanitsa maudindo.
- Kuchulukitsa nthawi yachitukuko: Kukhazikitsa kwa Onion Architecture kungatenge nthawi yayitali kuposa mapangidwe ena malinga ndi nthawi yachitukuko ndi kuyesetsa. Zigawo ndi zolumikizira muzomangamanga ziyenera kukonzedwa moyenera ndikupangidwa ndi omanga, zomwe zingayambitse kuchedwa kwachitukuko.
Kukhazikitsa kamangidwe ka anyezi pabizinesi yanu
Kukhazikitsa kwa Onion Architecture kungakhale kovuta, koma kugwiritsa ntchito njira mwadongosolo kungapangitse kuti zikhale zosavuta. Madivelopa atha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi kukhazikitsa Onion Architecture:
- Yambani ndi Domain Layer: Domain Layer iyenera kukhala yoyamba yomwe opanga amapanga chifukwa imapanga maziko a Onion Architecture. Tanthauzirani mabungwe ndi mitundu yogwirizana ndi malingaliro abizinesi a pulogalamuyo.
- Fotokozani zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito: Milandu yogwiritsira ntchito imakhala ngati chiwonetsero cha magwiridwe antchito apadera a pulogalamuyo. Milandu yogwiritsira ntchito iyenera kuzindikiridwa ndi opanga, ndipo njira zowalumikizira ziyenera kufotokozedwa.
- Tsatirani Gulu Lofunsira: Milandu yogwiritsira ntchito ndi ntchito zomwe zafotokozedwa m'gawo lapitalo ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi gawo lazogwiritsa ntchito. Chigawo ichi chikuyenera kukhala chopanda mawonetsedwe ndi magawo a zomangamanga.
- Ikhazikitsani gawo la Infrastructure: Pulogalamuyi imalumikizidwa ndi ntchito zakunja monga nkhokwe ndi ma API kudzera mu Infrastructure Layer. Gawoli liyenera kukhala lodziyimira pawokha pagawo la pulogalamuyo ndipo liyenera kulumikizana nalo kudzera pazolumikizana.
- Tsatirani Gawo la Ulaliki: Mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito pulogalamuyi amaperekedwa ndi Gulu Lowonetsera. Gawoli liyenera kukhala lodziyimira pawokha kuchokera kwa enawo ndipo liyenera kulumikizana ndi gawo la pulogalamuyo kudzera m'malo olumikizirana.
- Gwiritsani Ntchito Dependency Injection: Chigawo chofunikira pakupanga anyezi ndi jakisoni wodalira. Madivelopa atha kutsimikizira kuti zigawozo ndizodziyimira pawokha ndipo zimatha kuyesedwa padera poyika zodalira m'magawo kudzera muzolumikizira.
- Lembani Mayeso a Unit: Kuwonetsetsa kuti pulogalamuyo ikugwira ntchito monga momwe amafunira, kuyesa mayunitsi ndikofunikira. Pagawo lililonse lazomangamanga, opanga akuyenera kupanga mayeso amtundu kuti awonetsetse kuti akugwira ntchito momwe amafunira.
- Sungani zigawozo palokha: Zigawo za Onion Architecture ziyenera kukhala zodziyimira pawokha. Pasakhale maubwenzi achindunji pakati pa magawo, ndipo gawo lililonse liyenera kulumikizana ndi linalo kudzera m'malo olumikizirana.
Kutsiliza
Pomaliza, ntchito iliyonse yopanga mapulogalamu iyenera kuyamba ndi kulemba code yokhazikika, yoyera. Zimatsimikizira kuti codebase ndi yotheka, yotheka, komanso yomveka. Khodi yoyera ndiyosavuta kuwerenga, yomwe imathandizira kukonza zolakwika ndikusintha.
Komanso, zimabweretsa nthawi zazifupi zachitukuko popeza code ndi yosavuta kumvetsetsa komanso imakhala ndi zolakwika zochepa.
Mapangidwe abwino kwa olemba ma code oyera, okhalitsa ndi zomangamanga za anyezi. Onion Architecture imathandizira kutsimikizira kuti gawo lililonse limakhala ndi ntchito yake ndipo limapatulidwa ndi zigawo zina ndikuyika zovuta m'magulu osiyanasiyana..
Chifukwa cha kuthekera kogwira ntchito pagawo lililonse palokha, kulekanitsa maudindo kumapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kusintha ndikusunga kachidindo.
Siyani Mumakonda