M'ndandanda wazopezekamo[Bisani][Show]
- 1. Kodi kwenikweni Object Oriented Programming ndi chiyani?
- 2. Chifukwa chiyani ma OOP ali ofunikira?
- 3. Kodi mfundo za OOPS zimapereka zotani?
- 4. Kodi mizati ya lingaliro la OOPs ndi chiyani?
- 5. Kodi kalasi ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 6. Kodi chinthu ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 7. Kodi malire a OOP ndi chiyani?
- 8. Kodi cholowa ndi chiyani?
- 9. Kodi encapsulation ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 10. Kodi polymorphism ndi chiyani?
- 11. Kodi Kungotenga Zinthu Kwenikweni N'kutani?
- 12. Kodi njira yochulukitsira ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 13. Kodi kuwongolera njira ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 14. Kodi gulu lapamwamba kwenikweni ndi chiyani?
- 15. Kodi gulu laling'ono ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 16. Kodi static polymorphism ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 17. Kodi dynamic polymorphism ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 18. Fotokozani maganizo a Mmisiri.
- 19. Kodi zosintha zofikira ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 20. Kodi wowononga ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 21. Kodi cholowa chosakanizidwa ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 22. Kodi kwenikweni cholowa chaulamuliro ndi chiyani?
- 23. Kodi zovuta za cholowa ndi zotani?
- 24. Kodi chosiyana ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 25. Kodi kuchita zinthu mwapadera n'chiyani kwenikweni, ndipo ubwino wake ndi wotani?
- 26. Kodi ntchito zenizeni ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 27. Kodi ntchito ya abwenzi ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 28. Kodi Kusonkhanitsa Zinyalala ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 29. Kodi kugwirizana kwenikweni ndi chiyani?
- 30. Kodi mgwirizano ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 31. Fotokozani chipika choyesera.
- 32. Fotokozani chipika chomaliza.
- 33. Kodi mawonekedwe ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 34. Kodi kupanga ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 35. Kodi unyolo wa omanga ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- Kutsiliza
Chimodzi mwazinthu zotsogola kwambiri zamapulogalamu zimatchedwa OOPs, kapena mapulogalamu otsata zinthu. M'malo mwa ntchito ndi ndondomeko, imatsindika makalasi ndi zinthu.
Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikugwirizanitsa deta ndi zinthu kuti zikhale zosavuta kugwira nawo ntchito. Chilichonse mu OOPs chimapangidwa ndi code mu mawonekedwe a njira kapena njira ndi deta mu mawonekedwe a minda.
Zilankhulo monga C++, Objective C, Python, Perl, ndi Java ndi zina mwazinthu zodziwika kwambiri zotsata zinthu. zilankhulo zamakompyuta.
Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zambiri za izi chifukwa mafunso oyankhulana oops amakhala odziwika kwambiri. Makampani ambiri amafunafuna mainjiniya omwe amadziwa njira zopangira zinthu komanso mawonekedwe. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukufuna kupita ku zokambirana, muyenera kukhala odziwa bwino malingaliro a OOP.
Mafunso osiyanasiyana oyankhulana nawo okhudzana ndi zinthu kuyambira koyambira mpaka akatswiri awonetsedwa mu positi iyi. Choncho mukhoza kudutsa mlingo uliwonse wa kuyankhulana ndi kuteteza maloto anu malo.
1. Kodi kwenikweni Object Oriented Programming ndi chiyani?
Mapulogalamu omwe ali ndi zinthu (OOPs) amachokera pa zinthu zenizeni osati ntchito ndi ndondomeko chabe. Makalasi amapangidwira zinthu zapayekha.
Cholowa, polymorphism, ndi kubisa ndi zitsanzo za malingaliro enieni omwe OOP amawaphatikiza mukupanga mapulogalamu. Zimapangitsanso kugwirizanitsa deta ndi code.
2. Chifukwa chiyani ma OOP ali ofunikira?
Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe OOPs ndi yabwino, komabe, zotsatirazi ndizofunika kwambiri:
- OOPs, lolani anthu kuti azitha kumvetsetsa mapulogalamu ngakhale sakudziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito.
- Eya, konzani ma code owerengeka, omveka bwino, komanso osungika ndi magawo khumi.
- Pogwiritsa ntchito ma OOP, ngakhale mapulogalamu akulu kwambiri amatha kumangidwa ndikuwongoleredwa.
3. Kodi mfundo za OOPS zimapereka zotani?
- OOPS, zinthu zamapulogalamu zimatsanzira zinthu zapadziko lapansi, kuchepetsa zovuta komanso kumveketsa bwino kwa pulogalamu.
- Zinthu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza pamapulogalamu ambiri.
- Chinthu chilichonse chimapanga chinthu chosiyana chomwe ntchito zake zamkati sizidalira zigawo zina zadongosolo.
- Poyambitsa zinthu zingapo zatsopano ndikusintha zochepa zomwe zilipo kale, ndizotheka kuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito kapena kusintha kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito.
- Njira zamapulogalamu a OOPs kapena kuyimira deta zitha kusinthidwa pang'ono.
4. Kodi mizati ya lingaliro la OOPs ndi chiyani?
Nawa mizati yayikulu ya OOP:
Cholowa: Imathandizira makalasi kuti atengere makhalidwe a gulu lina.
Kuthamangitsidwa: Izi zimatanthauzidwa ngati chinthu chomwe chimabisa chidziwitso chofunikira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti deta ikhale yobisika kwa mamembala akalasi. Zofotokozera zimalongosola momwe chikhalidwe cha chinthucho chimafikira mu code.
Polymorphism: Izi zimakupatsani mwayi wochita ntchito imodzi mwanjira zingapo. Zimakwaniritsidwa kudzera muzolumikizana, momwe timalengeza mawonekedwe amodzi omwe amakhazikitsidwa kangapo.
Kuchotsa: Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ntchitoyi kuti mubise zidziwitso zakunja ndikuwonetsa zofunikira zokha.
5. Kodi kalasi ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Kalasi ndi chitsanzo chopangidwa ndi zinthu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso machitidwe osiyanasiyana. Lili ndi njira zingapo zomwe zimagawidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zili m'kalasilo.
6. Kodi chinthu ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Chinthu ndi chinthu chenicheni padziko lapansi chomwe chimagwira ntchito ngati gawo lofunikira la ma OOP, monga mpando, mphaka, kapena galu. Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zigawo, katundu, ndi zochita zosiyanasiyana.
7. Kodi malire a OOP ndi chiyani?
- Kukula kwake ndi kokulirapo kuposa kwa mapulogalamu ena.
- Pamafunika ena kuzolowera.
- Mavuto amtundu wina safuna kutero.
- Zinali zovuta kwambiri kupanga, ndipo poyerekeza ndi mapulogalamu ena, zimagwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono.
8. Kodi cholowa ndi chiyani?
Lingaliro lotchedwa cholowa limatanthawuza kugawana chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha kalasi ndi gulu lina. Cholowa chikagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa gulu limodzi, chimatchedwa cholowa chimodzi; zikatengera magulu ambiri, zimatchedwa cholowa chambiri.
9. Kodi encapsulation ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Lingaliro la OOPs limaphatikizanso encapsulation. Imafotokoza kusakanikirana kwa data ndi njira zosinthira deta. Kuphatikiza apo, imathandizira kuletsa kulowa mwachindunji kumadera ena a chinthu.
10. Kodi polymorphism ndi chiyani?
Mu zilankhulo za OOP, polymorphism ndi lingaliro lofunikira. Zikuwonetsa momwe makalasi osiyanasiyana amagawana mawonekedwe. Makalasi awa onse amatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera.
11. Kodi Kungotenga Zinthu Kwenikweni N'kutani?
Abstraction ndi malingaliro opangidwa ndi zinthu (OOPs) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mapangidwe azinthu zenizeni. "Imawonetsa" mikhalidwe yofunika kwambiri komanso "kubisa" chidziwitso chakunja kuchokera kudziko lakunja. Cholinga chachikulu cha kumasulira ndikuteteza anthu kuzinthu zopanda pake.
12. Kodi njira yochulukitsira ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Ndizotheka kuti njira ziwiri kapena zingapo zikhale ndi dzina limodzi. Komabe, ziyenera kukhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana, kuchuluka kwa magawo, mitundu yosiyana, kapena zonse ziwiri. Izi zimadziwika ngati njira zolemetsa, ndipo mawonekedwewa amadziwika ngati njira yolemetsa.
13. Kodi kuwongolera njira ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Kukonzekera kwazinthu kumaphatikizapo lingaliro la njira yowonjezera. Ndichilankhulidwe chomwe chimalola gulu laling'ono kapena kalasi ya ana kupereka kukhazikitsidwa kwa makonda a njira yomwe imodzi mwamagulu ake apamwamba kapena makalasi a makolo amapereka kale.
14. Kodi gulu lapamwamba kwenikweni ndi chiyani?
Gulu lapamwamba, lomwe nthawi zambiri limadziwika kuti kalasi yoyambira, ndi mtundu wa kalasi womwe umakhala ngati kholo la kalasi lina kapena makalasi. Gulu la Magalimoto, mwachitsanzo, lili ndi gulu laling'ono lotchedwa Vehicle.
15. Kodi gulu laling'ono ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
A subclass ndi gulu laling'ono la kalasi ina. Van, mwachitsanzo, ndi Galimoto yocheperako kapena kalasi yochokera.
16. Kodi static polymorphism ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Panthawi yophatikiza, mtundu wa polymorphism wotchedwa static polymorphism (static binding) umachitika. Njira yodzaza ndi mtundu wa compile-time polymorphism.
17. Kodi dynamic polymorphism ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Mtundu wa polymorphism womwe umathetsedwa mu nthawi yothamanga umatchedwa runtime polymorphism, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti dynamic polymorphism (dynamic binding). Kuphatikizika kwa njira ndi fanizo la runtime polymorphism.
18. Fotokozani maganizo a Mmisiri.
Womanga ndi njira yapadera ya kalasi yomwe imatchedwa yokha pamene kalasi yapangidwa. Mukalowa m'kalasi, amapangidwa ndi dzina lofanana ndi kalasi ndikuyambitsa mamembala ake onse. Makhalidwe oyambilira a wopanga ndi awa:
Palibe mtundu wobwerera kwa omanga.
Omanga mochulukira ndi zotheka.
Sikofunikira kufotokoza womanga; the.NET Framework izichita zokha.
19. Kodi zosintha zofikira ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
M'zilankhulo zomwe zimayang'ana zinthu, mawu osakira ndi zosintha zofikira kapena zowunikira. Imathandiza pakukonza makalasi, njira, ndi kupezeka kwa mamembala ena.
20. Kodi wowononga ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Wowononga ndi njira yotulutsira zinthu zomwe zaperekedwa ku chinthu. Chinthu chikawonongeka, njira iyi imatchedwa basi.
21. Kodi cholowa chosakanizidwa ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Cholowa cha Hybrid ndi mtundu wa cholowa chomwe chimapangidwa ndi kusakaniza mitundu ingapo ya cholowa monga limodzi, angapo, ndi zina zotero.
22. Kodi kwenikweni cholowa chaulamuliro ndi chiyani?
Magawo angapo amatengera cholowa cha makolo mumkhalidwe wa cholowa chambiri. Mtundu wa cholowa momwe magulu ambiri amachokera kwa kholo limodzi kapena gulu lotsika amadziwika kuti hierarchical inheritance. Mwachitsanzo, kalasi ya zipatso ikhoza kukhala ndi magulu monga 'apulo, "mango,' 'nthochi,' 'chitumbuwa,' ndi zina zotero.
23. Kodi zovuta za cholowa ndi zotani?
Imatalikitsa ndi kusokoneza ndondomeko ya kuphedwa. Zimafunikanso kusinthana pakati pa makalasi osiyanasiyana. Maphunziro a makolo ndi ana nthawi zonse amakhala ogwirizana kwambiri.
Kusintha kwa maphunziro kungafunike kusinthidwanso kwa kholo ndi kalasi la mwanayo. Cholowa chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa mosamala kapena zotsatira zake zidzakhala zolakwika.
24. Kodi chosiyana ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Kupatulapo ndi chochitika chomwe chimasokoneza magwiridwe antchito mwachizolowezi. Kuti mupitilize kupha, mutha kuthana ndi izi mu Java. Ku Java, pali mitundu yambiri yazomwe zafotokozedweratu, ndipo kusanja kumaperekedwa kuti athe kuwongolera zomwe zakwezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito midadada yoyesera.
25. Kodi kuchita zinthu mwapadera n'chiyani kwenikweni, ndipo ubwino wake ndi wotani?
Njira yofunikira kwambiri mu Java yothanirana ndi kulephera kwanthawi yothamanga mosayembekezereka ndikusamalira kosiyana. Zimakuthandizani kuti muzitha kuyang'anira zolakwika za nthawi yothamanga zomwe zimachitika panthawi ya pulogalamu.
Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito mosiyanasiyana umaphatikizapo kuthekera kosunga mayendedwe apulogalamu nthawi zonse pomwe mukuyang'anira zosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati cholakwika chichitika mu gawo limodzi la pulogalamuyo, sizikhala ndi zotsatira pa pulogalamu yotsalayo ngati titachita zomwezo ndi midadada yoyesera.
26. Kodi ntchito zenizeni ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Ntchito zenizeni zimaphatikizidwanso muzochita za kalasi ya makolo ndipo zimachotsedwa ndi subclass. Zochita izi zimathandizira kukwaniritsidwa kwa runtime polymorphism.
27. Kodi ntchito ya abwenzi ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Ntchito ya bwenzi ndi ntchito yomwe ili m'gulu ndipo imaloledwa kupeza zidziwitso zapagulu, zachinsinsi, kapena zotetezedwa. Ngati ntchitoyi ikufotokozedwa kunja kwa kalasi, sizingatheke kupeza deta iyi. Mawu osakira achinsinsi, pagulu, ndi otetezedwa alibe mphamvu pa chilengezo cha bwenzi, chomwe chingapangidwe kulikonse mkalasi.
28. Kodi Kusonkhanitsa Zinyalala ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Kutolere zinyalala (GC) ndi gawo la zilankhulo zamapulogalamu monga C # ndi Java zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati njira yobwezeretsa kukumbukira. Injini yotolera zinyalala (GC) ndi gawo la chilankhulo cha pulogalamu yomwe imalola kutulutsa danga la kukumbukira zinthu zomwe pulogalamu sikugwiritsanso ntchito.
29. Kodi kugwirizana kwenikweni ndi chiyani?
Amatanthauza zochitika pamene magulu osiyanasiyana amadalirana ndi kugawana nzeru. Kulumikizana kwakukulu kumachitika pamene kalasi imodzi ili ndi chidziwitso chatsatanetsatane cha gulu lina. Mutha kufotokoza mawonekedwe a makalasi, njira, kapena zosinthika pogwiritsa ntchito zosintha zofikira. Ma Interfaces amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apereke kulumikizana kofooka.
30. Kodi mgwirizano ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Momwe gawo limagwirira ntchito inayake limatchedwa kugwirizana kwake. Njira yolimba, yogwirizana imangogwira ntchito yomwe yafotokozedwa, pomwe njira yofooka, yolumikizana ingagawanitse ntchito imodzi kukhala ntchito zingapo zazing'ono kenako ndikumaliza.
Phukusi la Java.io ndilogwirizana, koma phukusi la java.util siliri.
31. Fotokozani chipika choyesera.
Pulogalamu ikakumana ndi vuto chifukwa cha nambala kapena deta yolakwika, "yesani" ndi "kugwira" zikuwonetsa momwe mungayendetsere. Choyesera ndi dzina la gawo la code pamene zosiyana zimachitika. Chotchinga chogwira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kujambula ndikuthana ndi zopatula pama block block.
32. Fotokozani chipika chomaliza.
Gawo logwira ntchito la mawu osakira likuwonetsedwa pomaliza. Imatchula code yomwe nthawi zonse imayendetsedwa nthawi yomweyo pambuyo poyesedwa ndi kutsekeka kulikonse njirayo isanamalizidwe. Chida chomaliza chimayendetsedwa nthawi zonse ngakhale chosiyana chikuponyedwa kapena kugwidwa.
33. Kodi mawonekedwe ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Mawonekedwe ophatikizika ndi njira zosawerengeka komanso mtundu wa data womwe umatanthauzidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Gulu limagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe, kutengera mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe.
Gulu limayimira mawonekedwe ndi machitidwe a chinthu, pomwe mawonekedwe amaphatikiza machitidwe omwe gulu limagwiritsa ntchito. Mawonekedwewo amayimira "chiyani," pomwe Kalasi imawonetsa "motani."
34. Kodi kupanga ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Zolembazo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mulumikizane. Imawonetsa kulumikizana kwamphamvu pakati pa zinthu zodalira ndi zodziyimira pawokha, mosiyana ndi kuphatikiza. Chinthu chodalira sichikupezeka muzochitika izi ndipo chidzachotsedwa ngati chinthu cha kholo chitafufutidwa.
35. Kodi unyolo wa omanga ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Constructor chaining ndi njira yoyitanitsa womanga m'modzi kuchokera kwa wina potengera zomwe zikuchitika. Pali njira ziwiri:
- Womanga m'kalasi yamakono akhoza kutchulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "izi".
- Mawu ofunikira "apamwamba" adzagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyitanitsa womanga kuchokera kugulu loyambira.
Kutsiliza
Kukonzekera kwa Object Oriented kumafuna kulingalira za dongosolo la pulogalamuyo ndikukonzekera pasadakhale. Kuwunika momwe mungagawire zofunikira kukhala makalasi oyambira, ogwiritsidwanso ntchito omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zochitika za zinthu.
Pazonse, kukumbatira OOP kumathandizira kukonza zomangamanga ndi reusability, zomwe zimapulumutsa nthawi pakapita nthawi. Mwaona Mndandanda wa Mafunso a Hashdork kuti muthandizidwe pokonzekera zoyankhulana.
Siyani Mumakonda