M'ndandanda wazopezekamo[Bisani][Show]
- 1. Kodi mulu wa MERN ndi chiyani? Kodi mungafotokoze gawo lililonse ndi ntchito yake?
- 2. Kodi stack ya MERN ikufananiza bwanji ndi matekinoloje ena monga MEAN kapena LAMP?
- 3. Fotokozani momwe mungatetezere pulogalamu ya MERN?
- 4. Fotokozani ntchito ya middleware mu Express.js. Kodi mungapereke chitsanzo cha zida zapakati?
- 5. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa React Class Components ndi Functional?
- 6. Kodi mungafotokoze momwe mayendedwe amagwirira ntchito mu pulogalamu ya MERN?
- 7. Kodi Malonjezo ndi chiyani ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji muzofunsira za MERN?
- 8. Kodi mumayendetsa bwanji boma mu pulogalamu ya React? Fotokozani mfundo monga Redux ndi Context API.
- 9. Fotokozani cholinga cha fayilo ya package.json mu pulogalamu ya Node.js.
- 10. Kodi cholinga cha Webpack ndi chiyani, ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji mu React project?
- 11. Kodi mumapanga bwanji schema ku MongoDB, ndipo ndi mfundo ziti zofunika?
- 12. Fotokozani zolozera mu MongoDB ndi momwe zingagwiritsire ntchito kukhathamiritsa mafunso?
- 13. Kodi mumayendetsa bwanji maubwenzi ku MongoDB, monga maubale amunthu ndi m'modzi komanso ambiri ndi ambiri?
- 14. Kodi Aggregation Framework ndi MapReduce mu MongoDB ndi chiyani? Kodi mungawagwiritse ntchito motani ndipo liti?
- 15. Kodi mumakonza bwanji njira zanu za Express.js ndi owongolera?
- 16. Kodi mungafotokoze kachitidwe kolakwika mu Express.js?
- 17. Kodi mungakhazikitse bwanji kutsimikizika mu pulogalamu ya Express.js?
- 18. Kodi CORS ndi chiyani ndipo mumayigwira bwanji mu Express.js?
- 19. Kufotokoza za gawo la React lifecycle ndi njira zomwe zimayenderana ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a moyo.
- 20. Kodi mumakulitsa bwanji magwiridwe antchito a pulogalamu ya React?
- 21. Fotokozani kusiyana pakati pa zigawo zolamulidwa ndi zosalamulirika mu React.
- 22. Kodi mumagwiritsa ntchito bwanji React Hooks, ndipo ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri?
- 23. Kodi mungalembe gawo losavuta la React lomwe limatenga deta kuchokera ku API ndikuyiwonetsa?
- 24. Fotokozani za DOM yeniyeni mu React ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito.
- 25. Kodi mumayendetsa bwanji zodalira mu polojekiti ya Node.js?
- 26. Fotokozani Chochitika Chozungulira mu Node.js. Kodi imayendetsa bwanji ma asynchronous operations?
- 27. Kodi mitsinje mu Node.js ndi chiyani, ndipo mungaigwiritse ntchito bwanji?
- 28. Kodi mumayendetsa bwanji clustering mu Node.js kuti mugwiritse ntchito ma CPU cores onse?
- 29. Kodi mungathe kulemba ntchito yomwe imawerenga fayilo mu Node.js pogwiritsa ntchito ma callbacks ndi malonjezo?
- 30. Lembani ntchito kuti mugwirizane ndi MongoDB ndikupeza zolemba zonse kuchokera kumagulu enaake.
- 31. Gwiritsani ntchito CRUD API yosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito Express.js.
- 32. Pangani gawo la React lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito boma ndi ma props kuti apereke zambiri.
- 33. Kodi mungathane bwanji ndi kukwezedwa kwamafayilo mu Express.js?
- 34. Lembani ntchito yapakati mu Express yomwe imalowetsa njira yopempha, URL, ndi sitepe yanthawi.
- 35. Yambitsani kutsimikizika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito JWT mu pulogalamu ya MERN.
- 36. Kodi mungayese bwanji gawo la React? Lembani mayeso osavuta.
- 37. Pangani mbedza ya React kuti muyang'anire zolemba za fomu.
- 38. Yambitsani kukonza zolakwika panjira inayake mu Express.js.
- 39. Kodi mungagwire bwanji zenizeni zenizeni mu pulogalamu ya MERN? Fotokozani ndikulemba kachidutswa kakang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito Socket.IO kapena ukadaulo wofananira.
- 40. Fotokozani ndi kukhazikitsa caching mu pulogalamu ya MERN kuti muwongolere ntchito.
- Kutsiliza
Kukula kwa intaneti kwamakono kukutembenukira ku MERN Stack, kuphatikizika kwamphamvu kwa matekinoloje anayi apamwamba kwambiri.
MERN Stack imapatsa omanga yankho lomaliza mpaka kumapeto ndipo ili ndi MongoDB, nkhokwe ya NoSQL yomwe imatsimikizira kusinthasintha komanso kusasunthika, Express.js, dongosolo losavuta lapaintaneti lomanga ma API olimba, React, laibulale ya Facebook yopanga ogwiritsa ntchito amphamvu komanso olumikizana. interfaces, ndi Node.js, nthawi yothamanga ya JavaScript yomwe imathandiza kuti seva-side scripting.
Kufunika kwa MERN Stack kukukulirakulira pomwe makampani ochulukirapo akugwira ntchito kuti apereke zokumana nazo zapaintaneti, kulimbitsa malo ake pamsika.
Ndizomveka chifukwa chake kudziwa za MERN kuli kofunikira kwambiri masiku ano pantchito zovutirapo. Mwafika pamalo abwino ngati ndinu wopanga mapulogalamu omwe mukuyesera kudzikhazikitsa nokha mumakampani omwe akusintha mwachangu.
Blog iyi ikuyesera kukupatsani chidziwitso chofunikira komanso kumvetsetsa komwe kumafunikira kuti mupambane pazofunsana ndi MERN Stack.
Tikuwongolerani gawo lililonse la ndondomekoyi kuti muwonetsetse kuti mwakonzeka kuwonetsa luso lanu, kuyambira pakumvetsetsa zenizeni za gawo lililonse mpaka kukhala katswiri pakulemba bwino ma code.
Kaya ndinu wongophunzira kumene kuphunzira za MERN kapena katswiri wodziwa zambiri yemwe akufuna kufotokozera, blog iyi ili ndi zambiri zothandiza kwa inu.
1. Kodi mulu wa MERN ndi chiyani? Kodi mungafotokoze gawo lililonse ndi ntchito yake?
Kupanga mapulogalamu owopsa komanso osinthika pa intaneti kumatheka ndi MERN stack, phukusi laukadaulo lozunguliridwa bwino. Mawu oti "MERN" amapangidwa ndi zilembo zomwe chilichonse chimayimira chigawo chofunikira:
- MongoDB: Monga gawo la database, MongoDB imapereka dongosolo la NoSQL lopanda schema lomwe limatsimikizira kusinthasintha pakukonza deta ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwa mapulogalamu omwe amafuna kubwereza mwachangu.
- Express.js: Mapeto awa malonda a webusaiti chimango, chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino ndi Node.js, chimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kupanga ma API odalirika ndikugwirira ntchito mbali ya seva.
- Zomwe: React ndi laibulale yakutsogolo yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri mawonekedwe a ogwiritsa ntchito. DOM yeniyeni yomwe imapereka imapangitsa kukhathamiritsa kukhala kosavuta, ndipo imathandizira njira yosinthira magawo a UI, kuwongolera zonse ziwiri. chidziwitso chogwiritsa ntchito ndi chitukuko.
- Node.js: Chigawo chomaliza cha stack ndi Node.js, nthawi yothamanga ya JavaScript yomwe imathandiza olemba mapulogalamu kuyendetsa JavaScript code server-side. Njira yachitukuko imasinthidwa ndi kugwirizana kwa zilankhulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kasitomala ndi mbali za seva.
2. Kodi stack ya MERN ikufananiza bwanji ndi matekinoloje ena monga MEAN kapena LAMP?
Poyerekeza stack ya MERN ndi ma stacks ena odziwika bwino monga MEAN kapena LAMP, imaonekera bwino chifukwa cha luso lake lamakono komanso lamphamvu.
Ngakhale kuti MEAN ndi MERN amagwiritsa ntchito zigawo zitatu zomwezo, MERN imagwiritsa ntchito React m'malo mwa Angular, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakoka omanga kufunafuna kusinthasintha kwakukulu pomanga malo ogwiritsira ntchito ogwiritsa ntchito.
LAMP, yomwe ili ndi Linux, Apache, MySQL, ndi PHP, kumbali ina, ndi njira yodziwika bwino ya seva. Njira yophunzirira ya LAMP ikhoza kukhala yokwera kuposa ma stacks a JavaScript a MERN ndi MEAN chifukwa imagwiritsa ntchito zilankhulo ndi matekinoloje osiyana pakukula kwa kasitomala ndi seva.
MERN imayamikiridwa chifukwa cha njira yake ya JavaScript, yomwe imathandizira kuti pakhale chitukuko chokhazikika komanso chophatikizika. Chisankho chapakati pa MERN, MEAN, ndi LAMP nthawi zambiri chimatsikira ku zofunikira zapadera za projekiti, luso lamagulu, komanso luso lachitukuko lomwe mukufuna.
3. Fotokozani momwe mungatetezere pulogalamu ya MERN?
Njira yovuta yomwe imayika patsogolo kukhulupirika kwa data komanso chinsinsi cha ogwiritsa ntchito ndiyofunika kuti muteteze pulogalamu ya MERN. Kutumizidwa kwa njira zovomerezeka zovomerezeka ndi zovomerezeka, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi JWT (JSON Web Tokens) kuti zitsimikizire kuzindikiritsa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, ndiye pakatikati pa njirayi.
Kuphatikiza apo, zoteteza monga kutsimikizira zolowa ndi machitidwe aukhondo ndizofunikira kuti muchepetse ziwopsezo monga jakisoni wa SQL ndi Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). Kugwiritsa ntchito mawu okonzekera ku MongoDB kumathandiza kupewa jekeseni kumbali ya database.
Chitetezo cha pulogalamuyi polimbana ndi zomwe zingachitike chimalimbikitsidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito HTTPS yokhala ndi ziphaso zoyenera za SSL/TLS, zomwe zimathandizira kulumikizana kwachinsinsi pakati pa kasitomala ndi seva.
Mwa kuphatikiza njira zachitetezo izi, pulogalamu ya MERN ikhoza kulimbikitsidwa kuti ithane ndi zolakwika zomwe wamba ndikupatseni ogwiritsa ntchito otetezeka.
4. Fotokozani ntchito ya middleware mu Express.js. Kodi mungapereke chitsanzo cha zida zapakati?
Express.js's middleware imagwira ntchito ngati njira yosinthira ndi kupititsa patsogolo deta pamene ikudutsa muzogwiritsira ntchito, kupanga mgwirizano wofunikira pakati pa pempho ndi zinthu zomwe zimayankhidwa.
Ntchitozi zimakhala ndi mwayi wopeza chinthu chopempha, chinthu choyankhidwa, ndi ntchito yotsatila yapakati pazochitika zopempha zopempha.
Kugwira ntchito monga kudula mitengo, kutsimikizira, kapena kusanja deta ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito papakati. Mwachitsanzo, zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zida zapakati zodula mitengo:
Kachidindo kameneka kakhoza kulemba zambiri za pempho lililonse lomwe likubwera, ndikupereka malingaliro enieni a momwe ogwiritsa ntchito amachitira ndi pulogalamuyo. Madivelopa amatha kusintha ma code awo, kuwonjezera kusinthika, ndikusunga codebase yowoneka bwino komanso yothandiza pogwiritsa ntchito middleware.
5. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa React Class Components ndi Functional?
Zigawo zamakalasi ndi zida zogwirira ntchito ndi ma paradigms awiri apadera omwe akubwera mdziko lamphamvu la React programming.
Class Components, yotchulidwa ndi mawu ofunikira m'kalasi, kale inali njira yokhayo yogwiritsira ntchito moyo wamoyo ndikusunga chikhalidwe chamkati mwachigawo.
Komabe, ndi kuwonjezera kwa Hooks mu React 16.8, Functional Components-ntchito zosavuta-tsopano amatha kupeza mawonekedwe amtundu ndi moyo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa code yomwe imakhala yaifupi komanso yosavuta kumvetsa.
Zigawo zogwirira ntchito nthawi zambiri zimakondedwa chifukwa cha kuphweka kwawo komanso kuyesa kuyesa, koma Class Components imapereka njira yokhazikika komanso yolunjika kuzinthu.
Chisankho chapakati pa ziwirizi nthawi zambiri chimabwera ku gulu kapena zokonda za munthu aliyense, zovuta zamagulu, komanso zolinga za polojekiti yonse. Komabe, chizoloŵezicho chikupita kuzinthu zogwira ntchito chifukwa cha mawu awo osavuta komanso osinthika kwambiri.
6. Kodi mungafotokoze momwe mayendedwe amagwirira ntchito mu pulogalamu ya MERN?
Mu pulogalamu ya MERN, mayendedwe ndi njira yokonzekera yomwe imatsogolera ogwiritsa ntchito ma URL osiyanasiyana mkati mwa malonda a webusaiti. Express.js imayang'anira mayendedwe kumbuyo ndikutchula mathero angapo kuti agwirizane ndi njira za HTTP ndi ma URL, potero amawongolera momwe seva imachitira pazopempha zamakasitomala.
React Router ndi matekinoloje ena akutsogolo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga tsamba limodzi lokhala ndi njira zowonera zomwe zimatengera zochitika zamasamba zambiri.
Pamodzi, njira zoyendetsera izi zimapereka chidziwitso chosavuta cha ogwiritsa ntchito chomwe chimapangitsa kuyenda bwino popanda kutsitsimutsa tsamba.
Mapulogalamu a MERN atha kupereka zomanga zosunthika, zolabadira, komanso zowoneka bwino zomwe zimagwirizana ndendende ndi miyezo yamakono yapaintaneti komanso ziyembekezo za ogwiritsa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira yamakasitomala ndi ma seva mogwirizana.
7. Kodi Malonjezo ndi chiyani ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji muzofunsira za MERN?
Njira yowoneka bwino komanso yosinthika yosinthira ma callbacks imaperekedwa ndi JavaScript's promise abstraction, yomwe ndi lingaliro lamphamvu lothana ndi zochita za asynchronous.
Malonjezo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokhudzana ndi pulogalamu ya MERN kuti agwire ntchito zomwe sizingathetse nthawi yomweyo, monga kusaka pa database ndi MongoDB kapena zopempha za HTTP ndi Express.js. Lonjezo ndi chizindikiro cha mtengo umene sungakhalepo panopa koma umene udzakwaniritsidwe kapena kukanidwa mtsogolo.
Madivelopa atha kufotokoza momwe pulogalamuyo ichitire Lonjezo litakwaniritsidwa kapena cholakwika chichitika pomanga unyolo.then() ndi.catch() njira.
Kugwiritsa ntchito malonjezo pafupipafupi pazantchito za MERN kumapangitsa kuti ma code azikhala omveka bwino komanso osavuta kuwasunga, zomwe zimalola opanga mapulogalamu kupanga ma code asynchronous omwe amamveka bwino komanso osavuta kuwongolera, kukonza njirayo 'yogwira ntchito bwino komanso yolimba.
8. Kodi mumayendetsa bwanji boma mu pulogalamu ya React? Fotokozani mfundo monga Redux ndi Context API.
Mu pulogalamu ya React, kuyang'anira dziko kumatha kukhala ntchito yofunika komanso yovuta, makamaka pamene pulogalamu ikukula kukula komanso zovuta. Madivelopa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zida zowongolera boma monga Redux ndi Context API kuti athetse vutoli.
Redux imapereka malo amodzi amtundu wa pulogalamu yonseyo, kulola mwayi wopezeka ndi kusinthidwa kwazinthu zambiri.
Zochita za Redux ndi zochepetsera zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kulosera kuti dziko lisintha liti, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kusasinthika komanso kusasinthika.
Kumbali ina, Madivelopa amatha kupanga zinthu zomwe zimatha kusinthanitsa dziko ndi magwiridwe antchito ndi zigawo zomwe zili ndi zisa pogwiritsa ntchito React's build-in Context API popanda kufunikira kukumba.
Context API imapereka njira yowongoka komanso yopepuka pamikhalidwe yomwe kuwongolera dziko lonse lapansi kumafunika popanda zovuta zama library owonjezera, koma Redux imapereka yankho lamphamvu komanso lowopsa, makamaka pamapulogalamu akulu.
Njira zonsezi zili ndi zabwino zake, ndipo kusankha kumakhudzidwa nthawi zambiri ndi zofunikira zenizeni komanso kamangidwe ka ntchito.
9. Fotokozani cholinga cha fayilo ya package.json mu pulogalamu ya Node.js.
Fayilo ya package.json ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pa chilengedwe cha Node.js popeza imagwira ntchito ngati chiwongolero chakuya kwazinthu zonse za pulogalamuyi.
Imafewetsa njira yokhazikitsira ena opanga kapena machitidwe pofotokoza zofunikira zachitukuko kuwonjezera pa kudalira komwe kuli kofunikira pantchitoyo.
Fayilo yofunikayi ilinso ndi metadata yofunikira, monga dzina la polojekiti, kufotokozera, ndi mtundu wamakono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kugawa ndi kulemba. Kupitilira izi zofunikira, fayilo ya package.json imapatsa omanga luso lopanga zolemba zapadera, kupanga zochitika ngati kuyambitsa seva ndikuyesa mayeso osavuta.
Pamapeto pake, fayilo yofunikayi imakhala ngati fayilo ya Mapulogalamu a Node.js mapulani omanga, kufulumizitsa chitukuko, kulimbikitsa mgwirizano, ndi kutsimikizira ntchito yodalirika m'malo osiyanasiyana.
10. Kodi cholinga cha Webpack ndi chiyani, ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji mu React project?
Makamaka, Webpack imagwira ntchito ngati bundler mu React applications, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale chida chofunikira pakukula kwa intaneti masiku ano.
Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuphatikiza mafayilo ambiri ndi zodalira, monga JavaScript, CSS, zithunzi, ndi mafonti, kukhala gulu laling'ono, lokonzekera bwino lomwe lingaperekedwe mwachangu kwa osatsegula.
Pochita izi, Webpack imakweza liwiro chifukwa zopempha zochepa zimapangidwa ndipo kachidindo imaperekedwa m'njira yoyenera malinga ndi zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amatha.
Madivelopa amatha kusintha, kulola kugawanika kwa ma code, ndikukhazikitsa gawo lotentha pogwiritsa ntchito Webpack, zomwe zimapitilira kuphatikizika kosavuta komanso kumapereka chilengedwe cholemera cha mapulagini komanso njira zingapo zosinthira kuti pakhale chitukuko chowongolera.
Njira yachitukuko yosavuta komanso yokhazikika yomwe imathandizira kuti chitukuko chikhale chosavuta komanso kukhathamiritsa kwa kupanga chimalimbikitsidwa ndikuphatikiza Webpack mu projekiti ya React. Ntchito yake mu projekiti ya React ikugogomezera kusuntha kwanthawi zonse kumayendedwe okhazikika komanso okhudzidwa ndi chitukuko cha intaneti.
11. Kodi mumapanga bwanji schema ku MongoDB, ndipo ndi mfundo ziti zofunika?
Mapangidwe a schema a MongoDB amafunikira malingaliro anzeru komanso kuzindikira zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito.
Kusinthasintha kwa MongoDB ngati nkhokwe ya NoSQL kumathandizira opanga mapulogalamu kupanga masinthidwe omwe amatha kusinthika mosavuta pamachitidwe osiyanasiyana a data.
Ndikofunikira kuganizira kulumikizana pakati pa mabungwe osiyanasiyana popanga schema, ndikusankha kugwiritsa ntchito zikalata zophatikizidwa kapena maumboni kutengera momwe amafunsidwe ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito.
Mtundu wa data ndi momwe zimawerengedwera ndi kulembedwa pafupipafupi zimathanso kukhudza masanjidwe a indexing ndi kukhathamiritsa.
Zinthu zazikuluzikulu pamapangidwe a schema zikuphatikizanso kulabadira njira zotsimikizira za data, zosowa zosasinthika, komanso scalability yamtsogolo.
Madivelopa amatha kupanga dongosolo la database logwira mtima komanso losinthika lomwe limathandizira kupambana kwanthawi yayitali kwa polojekitiyo pofananiza kapangidwe ka schema ndi zofunikira ndi mawonekedwe a pulogalamuyi.
12. Fotokozani zolozera mu MongoDB ndi momwe zingagwiritsire ntchito kukhathamiritsa mafunso?
Mu MongoDB, indexing ndi njira yamphamvu yowongolera magwiridwe antchito komanso kuthamanga kwa mafunso. Mndandanda wa database, wofanana ndi mlozera m'buku, umathandizira MongoDB kupeza mwachangu deta yeniyeni popanda kusanthula zonse zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa, kukonza magwiridwe antchito.
Nthawi yomwe imatengera kuti mupeze deta INGAchepedwe kwambiri ndi omanga popanga zolozera m'magawo omwe amasakidwa nthawi zambiri.
Koma ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi malire chifukwa kulondolera kochulukira kumatha kuchedwetsa kulemba ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito zosungirako zina.
Popanga ma index, ndikofunikira kuganizira mozama pamafunso ndikumvetsetsa bwino zomwe zimachitika pakati pa kuwerenga ndi kulemba.
Mwachidule zolozera ku MongoDB, zikagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanzeru zitha kubweretsa mafunso ogwira mtima kwambiri, kuthandizira kuthandizira kuyankha komanso kudalirika.
13. Kodi mumayendetsa bwanji maubwenzi ku MongoDB, monga maubale amunthu ndi m'modzi komanso ambiri ndi ambiri?
Kaya ubale uli pakati pa m'modzi kapena wina ndi mnzake, MongoDB imagwira ntchitoyo molingana ndi zomwe mukufuna komanso momwe amafunsira.
INgati ubale uli wa chimodzi-m'modzi, mutha kusankha kuphatikiza zomwe zikugwirizanazo muzolemba zoyambira, zomwe zingapangitse kufufuzidwa mosavuta.
Maumboni angagwiritsidwe ntchito kugwirizanitsa malemba mu maubwenzi ambiri ndi ambiri, omwe angakhale oyenera ngati maubwenzi ali ovuta kapena kuchuluka kwa deta.
Kuchulukitsa kwa data, kusinthidwa pafupipafupi, komanso kufunikira kwa kusinthasintha kwa schema zonse ziyenera kuganiziridwa posankha pakati pa kuyika ndi kulozera.
Kuwongolera maubale ku MongoDB kungapangitse kuti pakhale dongosolo lokhazikika la database lomwe limakwaniritsa zofunikira za pulogalamuyo pokonzekera bwino komanso kudziwa zamalonda omwe amachokera. Potengera zosowa ndi mphamvu zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito, kusankha pakati pa kuyika ndi kulozera kumakhala kofunikira.
14. Kodi Aggregation Framework ndi MapReduce mu MongoDB ndi chiyani? Kodi mungawagwiritse ntchito motani ndipo liti?
Pokonza ndi kusanthula deta mu MongoDB, Aggregation Framework ndi MapReduce zimakhala ngati zida zamphamvu. Mofanana ndi mapaipi opangira deta, Aggregation Framework imapereka ntchito monga kusefa, kugawa m'magulu, ndi kusanja ndipo zimathandiza omanga kusonkhanitsa ndikusintha deta m'magawo angapo.
Kukonza ma data ochuluka m'magulu amwazikana, MapReduce imapereka njira yosinthika pogwiritsa ntchito magawo awiri - Mapu ndi Chepetsa.
Kuvuta ndi kukula kwa ntchitoyo kuyenera kuganiziridwa posankha kugwiritsa ntchito: Aggregation Framework imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pa ntchito zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri ndi njira zing'onozing'ono, pamene MapReduce imawala m'mapulogalamu ovuta, akuluakulu opangira deta.
Kuti muwongolere magwiridwe antchito a data ndikuwonetsetsa kuti MongoDB ikukwaniritsa zofunikira pakuwunika kwa pulogalamuyo, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zabwino ndi zoyipa za chida chilichonse.
15. Kodi mumakonza bwanji njira zanu za Express.js ndi owongolera?
Njira ndi zowongolera za Express.js ziyenera kukonzedwa momveka bwino komanso mosasinthasintha zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mapangidwe onse a pulogalamuyo.
Njira ndi zowongolera ziyenera kugawidwa m'mafayilo osiyanasiyana kuti asunge ma modularity ndikuwongolera kusamalidwa.
Munjira, kupanga malekezero osiyana ndikuwalumikiza ku njira zina za HTTP kumatsimikizira kamangidwe komveka komanso koyenera. Magwiridwe okhudzana ndi mapetowa amayendetsedwa ndi olamulira, ndipo powasunga mosiyana ndi njira, codebase ndiyosavuta kuyesa ndi kukula.
Ma code oyera, ogwira mtima amathandizidwanso ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mawu ofotokozera, ntchito zapakati, ndi kukhazikitsa ntchito wamba.
Ponseponse, njira za Express.js ndi owongolera omwe adakonzedwa mwanzeru amapanga mapulogalamu omwe ali amphamvu komanso osinthika mokwanira kuti akwaniritse zomwe zikuchitika komanso kukulitsa komwe kungachitike mtsogolo.
16. Kodi mungafotokoze kachitidwe kolakwika mu Express.js?
Kuwongolera zolakwika za Express.js ndikofunikira pakupanga mapulogalamu amphamvu komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito pa intaneti. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapakati zomwe zimapangidwa makamaka kuti zigwire ndi kukonza zolakwika ndizofunika kwambiri panjira iyi.
Madivelopa amatha kupanga malingaliro apadera kuti athe kuthana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolakwika ndikupereka mayankho othandiza kwa kasitomala pofotokozera zolakwitsa zapakati ndi mfundo zinayi (er, req, res, ndi lotsatira).
Kuti atsimikizire kuti apeza zolephera zilizonse zomwe zimawonekera kudzera munjira zakale zapakati ndi njira, njira zapakatizi ziyenera kuyikidwa pansi pamipando yapakati.
Pothana ndi mavuto omwe sanayembekezere, kukonza zolakwika moyenera sikumangopangitsa kuti pulogalamuyo ikhale yolimba komanso imathandizira ogwiritsa ntchito popereka mauthenga olakwika achidule komanso odziwitsa.
Kuwongolera zolakwika za Express.js kumatha kusintha zovuta zomwe zingatheke kukhala mwayi womveka bwino komanso wosasunthika pakugwiritsa ntchito kwanu pogwiritsa ntchito mosamala.
17. Kodi mungakhazikitse bwanji kutsimikizika mu pulogalamu ya Express.js?
Kukhazikitsa kutsimikizika mu pulogalamu ya Express.js ndi njira yovuta yomwe ndiyofunikira pakusunga kuwongolera ndi kuteteza zidziwitso za ogwiritsa ntchito.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mapaketi ngati Passport.js, omwe amathandizira njira zingapo zotsimikizira ogwiritsa ntchito, kuphatikiza kutsimikizika kwanuko ndi OAuth yokhala ndi malo ochezera pa intaneti, ndi njira yokhazikika. Wogwiritsa ntchito atatsimikiziridwa, malo ogwiritsira ntchito amatha kuyang'aniridwa pakati pa zopempha pogwiritsa ntchito magawo kapena JSON Web Tokens (JWT).
Potsimikizira kuti ogwiritsa ntchito ovomerezeka okha ndi omwe angagwiritse ntchito zinthu zomwe zafotokozedwa, ntchito zapakati pazida nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakuteteza njira zina.
Njira yolowera imapangidwa kukhala yosavuta kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zolakwika ndi mauthenga omveka bwino oyankha.
Pomaliza, pokumbukira njira zabwino zopezera chitetezo ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito, kusankha kwa njira zotsimikizira ndi zida ziyenera kusinthidwa malinga ndi zofunikira za pulogalamuyo komanso kuyanjana kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
18. Kodi CORS ndi chiyani ndipo mumayigwira bwanji mu Express.js?
Cross-Origin Resource Sharing, kapena CORS, ndi gawo lachitetezo lomwe limawonjezedwa kwa asakatuli kuti asamalire zopempha zotumizidwa kuchokera kudera lina kupita ku lina. Zimatsimikizira kuti a malonda a webusaiti amene akugwira ntchito pa chiyambi chimodzi amaloledwa kupeza zinthu zina zochokera ku chiyambi china. Mukamapanga ma API a mapulogalamu apa intaneti omwe ali ndi kasitomala omwe amayendera magawo osiyanasiyana, kuyitanitsa CORS mu Express.js kumatha kukhala kofunikira. Pulogalamu ya Express.js imatha kuyang'anira CORS mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapakati monga phukusi la cors. Madivelopa atha kukhazikitsa njira zolondola, monga kulola zoyambira kapena kufotokoza njira za HTTP zomwe zimaloledwa, pokonza pulogalamu yapakati iyi, kuwapatsa mphamvu zowongolera zopempha zochokera pamitundu ina. Kuwongolera kolondola kwa CORS ndikofunikira pakuloleza zopempha zochokera kwalamulo ndikusunga zoletsa zachitetezo cha pulogalamuyo.
19. Kufotokoza za gawo la React lifecycle ndi njira zomwe zimayenderana ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a moyo.
The React component lifecycle imafotokoza ndendende zomwe gawo liyenera kuchita kuyambira pomwe limapangidwa mpaka litachotsedwa ku DOM, kupatsa opanga ma mbewa kuti apereke ma code pamiyeso yofunika kwambiri. Magawo awa ndi njira zofananira ndizo:
Kuyika: Gawoli likupangidwa ndikuwonjezeredwa ku DOM pakadali pano.
- constructor (): imagwirizanitsa oyendetsa zochitika ndikuyambitsa boma.
- render(): chiwonetsero cha gawo la JSX chabwezedwa.
- componentDidMount(): chigawocho chikawonjezedwa ku DOM; amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi pobweza deta.
Kusintha: Pamene chikhalidwe kapena katundu wa chigawocho asintha, amayamba.
- shouldComponentUpdate(): imasankha ngati kumasulira kwatsopano kukufunika.
- render(): imabweretsanso JSX yatsopano.
- componentDidUpdate (): Kukonzekera pambuyo; Kuyanjana kwa DOM kotheka.
Kutsika: Chigawocho chimachotsedwa mu DOM pomaliza.
- componentWillUnmount(): zowerengera nthawi, omvera zochitika, ndi zolembetsa zilizonse zotsala zachotsedwa.
20. Kodi mumakulitsa bwanji magwiridwe antchito a pulogalamu ya React?
Kugwiritsa ntchito mopanda msoko kumadalira kukhathamiritsa kwa ntchito ya React, zomwe zitha kuchitika m'njira zingapo.
Pulogalamuyi imatha kugawidwa m'zidutswa zing'onozing'ono pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje monga React Waulesi ndi Suspense kuti akwaniritse kugawa kwa ma code, kutsitsa zomwe zimafunikira kuti muwone.
Poyerekeza mwachiphamaso cha ma props ndi state, PureComponent kapena React.memo imatha kuchepetsa kubwereza kosafunikira.
React Profiler, yomwe imathandizira kupeza zolepheretsa, ndi chida chimodzi chomwe chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira ndikuwongolera momwe polojekiti ikuyendera.
Kuchita bwino kungathenso kupezeka mwa kukhathamiritsa zithunzi, kuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa malaibulale a gulu lachitatu, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito seva-side rendering (SSR).
Madivelopa atha kupanga pulogalamu ya React yomwe imakhala yolabadira komanso yogwira mtima pomwe ikuwonjezera chisangalalo cha ogwiritsa ntchito posamalira izi ndikuyang'anira momwe pulogalamuyo ikugwirira ntchito.
21. Fotokozani kusiyana pakati pa zigawo zolamulidwa ndi zosalamulirika mu React.
Chinsinsi chowongolera bwino zoyika mafomu mu React ndikumvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pa zigawo zolamulidwa ndi zosalamulirika.
Madivelopa amatha kuwongolera kwathunthu zikhalidwe ndi kutsimikizika kwa mawonekedwewo pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoyendetsedwa, zomwe zimasungidwa ndi React state ndikusintha kulikonse komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi ntchito mkati mwa chigawocho.
Mosiyana ndi izi, zigawo zosalamulirika zimasunga dziko lawo lamkati ndikusiya DOM kuti iziyang'anira zolowa.
Ngakhale njira iyi imatenga kachidindo kakang'ono, imakupatsani mphamvu zochepa pa momwe gawolo likuchitira. Zida zosalamulirika zimatha kupereka yankho lachindunji pazochitika zoyambira, pomwe zida zowongolera zitha kukhala zoyenererana ndi mawonekedwe ovuta omwe amafunikira kutsimikizika kwanthawi yeniyeni komanso machitidwe osunthika.
Zofunikira zenizeni ndi kuchuluka kwa zovuta za fomu yomwe ikuperekedwa, komanso mbali monga kufunikira kwa kutsimikizika ndi kusamalidwa bwino, ziyenera kukhala chitsogozo chosankha pakati pa ziwirizi.
22. Kodi mumagwiritsa ntchito bwanji React Hooks, ndipo ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri?
Kutha kulimbikitsa dziko ndi zina za React popanda kupanga kalasi chifukwa cha React Hooks zasintha momwe opanga amapangira zida.
Kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi ndi useState hook, yomwe imathandizira opanga mapulogalamu kuti azitha kuyang'anira zigawo zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndikupereka njira yachidule yotsatirira zosintha.
Monga njira ina yosinthira moyo monga componentDidMount, componentDidUpdate, ndi componentWillUnmount, the useEffect mbedza imathandizira zotsatira zoyipa monga kutenga deta ndi kulembetsa.
Zokowera zina, monga useContext, zimapereka njira yowongoka kwambiri yofikira nkhani popanda kuyika zigawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma code awerengedwe.
Ufulu wochulukirachulukira umaperekedwa kudzera m'mahatchi achikhalidwe, omwe amathandizira opanga kupanga malingaliro osinthika azinthu zambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito mbedza izi kumafulumizitsa chitukuko, kumapangitsa kuti ma code asamayende bwino, komanso zimathandizira kupanga mapulogalamu apamwamba kwambiri komanso othandiza a React.
23. Kodi mungalembe gawo losavuta la React lomwe limatenga deta kuchokera ku API ndikuyiwonetsa?
Titha kuwongolera njira yolandirira mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito useEffect ndi useState hooks. Nachi chithunzi:
Chigawochi chikakwera, chigawo chogwira ntchitochi chimapanga dziko lachidziwitso, chimachitenga kuchokera ku API yotchulidwa, ndikuwonetsa deta (kapena chidziwitso chotsitsa ngati deta sichinafike). Ndi dongosolo lomwe lingasinthidwe malinga ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana ndipo limapereka njira yabwino komanso yabwino yoyendetsera data ya API mkati mwa pulogalamu ya React.
24. Fotokozani za DOM yeniyeni mu React ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito.
React's virtual DOM (VDOM) ndi lingaliro lofunikira lomwe limathandizira kumasulira kwa asakatuli kuti awonjezere kuchita bwino komanso kuyankha kwa mapulogalamu. Imagwira ntchito ngati kumasulira kosavuta kwapamtima pazinthu zenizeni za DOM.
React imapereka mawonekedwe a DOM kuti awonetse kusintha kwa gawo kapena ma props m'malo mosintha ku DOM yeniyeni mwachindunji.
Zosintha zenizeni zimazindikirika ndi "chiyanjanitso," chomwe chimafanizira chiwonetserochi ndi kubwereza koyambirira.
M'malo moperekanso tsamba lonse, React ndiye amangosintha magawo omwe adasinthidwa mu DOM yeniyeni. Kusintha kosankhaku kumachepetsa kusintha kwachindunji kwa DOM pang'ono, kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito komanso kupititsa patsogolo luso la ogwiritsa ntchito.
25. Kodi mumayendetsa bwanji zodalira mu polojekiti ya Node.js?
Kuti muwonetsetse kuti polojekiti yanu ya Node.js ikugwira ntchito bwino, kuyang'anira zodalira ndikofunikira. Node Package Manager (npm) ndiye chida chofunikira kwambiri panjirayi chifukwa imapangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kukhazikitsa, kusinthira, ndikuwongolera maphukusi kuchokera ku registry yayikulu ya npm.
Mukhoza kuwonjezera phukusi latsopano ku polojekiti yanu pogwiritsa ntchito npm install command, ndipo idzawoneka mu fayilo yanu ya package.json. Fayiloyi imagwira ntchito ngati chiwonetsero, kujambula zonse zomwe zimadalira ndi mitundu ya polojekiti yanu pa iliyonse.
Fayilo ya package-lock.json imatsimikiziranso kuti zodalira zenizeni zimayikidwa m'malo onse ofunikira.
Madivelopa amatha kuthana bwino ndi kudalira kwa polojekiti ya Node.js pogwiritsa ntchito zida ndi mafayilowa, kutsimikizira kusasinthika ndi kudalirika pakupanga ndi kutumiza.
26. Fotokozani Chochitika Chozungulira mu Node.js. Kodi imayendetsa bwanji ma asynchronous operations?
The Event Loop, yomwe imapatsa mphamvu Node.js 'yopanda kutsekereza, chikhalidwe cha asynchronous, ndi gawo lalikulu la mapangidwe. Ndi njira yosatha yomwe imayang'ana mndandanda wa zochitika za ntchito, kuzitenga, ndikuzipereka ku ulusi wamkati wadongosolo kuti agwire ntchito.
The Event Loop mu Node.js imalola kuti izichita zinthu zingapo nthawi imodzi osadikirira kuti ntchito imodzi ithe isanapitirire ina chifukwa imagwiritsa ntchito kalembedwe ka ulusi umodzi.
The Event Loop ikhoza kupitiriza kukonza ntchito zina pamene ntchito ya asynchronous ikuyitanidwa chifukwa imawonjezeredwa pamzere.
Kuyimbanso kumawonjezedwa pamzere pambuyo poti asynchronous atha ndipo ali okonzeka kuti Chochitika Chochitikacho chigwire. Kuthamanga kwa mapulogalamu ndi scalability zimakulitsidwa chifukwa cha Node.js kuthekera kuyendetsa bwino njira zambiri.
27. Kodi mitsinje mu Node.js ndi chiyani, ndipo mungaigwiritse ntchito bwanji?
Mitsinje ya Node.js ndi zida zothandiza kwambiri pakuwongolera deta, makamaka pogwira ntchito ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu. Amawonjezera mphamvu mwa kulola kuti deta isamaliridwe mochulukira m'malo modikirira kuti malipiro athunthu atengedwe.
Taonani mitsinje kukhala ngati mapaipi amadzi amene amanyamula deta mzidutswadutswa kuchokera kumalo ena kupita kwina. Tikhoza kuwerenga kuchokera ku gwero ndi kulemba ku malo opitako motsatizana pogwiritsa ntchito iwo.
Kuwerenga deta kuchokera pamafayilo, kukonza nthawi yomweyo, ndikugawa kwa makasitomala ndi zitsanzo zamagwiritsidwe ntchito pafupipafupi.
Node.js pogwiritsa ntchito mitsinje imathandizira kukumbukira kukumbukira kwa data pamapulogalamu pomwe ikukhathamiritsa liwiro.
28. Kodi mumayendetsa bwanji clustering mu Node.js kuti mugwiritse ntchito ma CPU cores onse?
Kusamalira magulu a Node.js ndi njira yanzeru yopindulira ma cores onse a CPU, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndi magwiridwe antchito a pulogalamu.
Chifukwa cha mtundu umodzi wa ulusi wa Node.js, kuphatikizana kumathandizira kupanga njira zingapo za ana, zomwe zimawonetsa njira yoyamba pamacores osiyanasiyana.
Gawo lachibadwidwe la "cluster" limalola olemba mapulogalamu kupanga njira za ogwira ntchito zomwe zimagawana madoko a seva ndi njira yayikulu. Pogawa zopempha zomwe zikubwera kwa ogwira ntchito ambiri, izi zimatsimikizira kukonzanso ntchito mofanana.
Muzochitika zopanga, kugwiritsa ntchito magulu nthawi zambiri kumawonedwa ngati gawo lofunikira pakukulitsa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu.
Madivelopa atha kugwiritsa ntchito kutsimikizira kuti pulogalamu yawo ya Node.js ndiyokonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito mapurosesa amitundu yambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ntchito yabwino komanso yodalirika.
29. Kodi mungathe kulemba ntchito yomwe imawerenga fayilo mu Node.js pogwiritsa ntchito ma callbacks ndi malonjezo?
The fs module, yomwe imabwera yodzaza ndi Node.js, ili ndi ntchito yolumikizana ndi ma callbacks ndi malonjezo. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani zotsatirazi
Njira zonse ziwiri zidzawerenga zomwe zili mu "file.txt" ndikuzisindikiza ku terminal. Njira yolonjezedwayo imapereka njira yowonjezereka komanso yadongosolo yothanirana ndi malingaliro osasinthika poyerekeza ndi njira yoyimbira foni, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito njira yanthawi zonse yoyendetsera ntchito za asynchronous mu Node.js.
30. Lembani ntchito kuti mugwirizane ndi MongoDB ndikupeza zolemba zonse kuchokera kumagulu enaake.
Kukula kwa intaneti nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo kulumikiza ku MongoDB ndikupeza zolemba zonse kuchokera pagulu linalake. Nayi njira yosavuta yomwe imachita izi pogwiritsa ntchito dalaivala wamba wa MongoDB:
Muyenera kuyika ulalo wolumikizira, dzina la database (dbName), ndi dzina lotolera (collectionName) munjira iyi. Ntchitoyi ibweza chikalata chilichonse kuchokera pazosonkhanitsidwa zomwe zaperekedwa. Kusamalitsa kwa pulogalamuyi kumatheka pogwiritsa ntchito async/ait, yomwe imapangitsa kuti code ikhale yokonzedwa komanso yosavuta kuwerenga.
31. Gwiritsani ntchito CRUD API yosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito Express.js.
Express.js's CRUD API ndi chida chokhazikika popanga, kuwerenga, kusintha, ndi kufufuta zothandizira pakukula kwapaintaneti kwamakono. Nachi chithunzi cha CRUD API:
32. Pangani gawo la React lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito boma ndi ma props kuti apereke zambiri.
Kuti mupange gawo mu React kukhala losinthika komanso losinthika, ndichizolowezi kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo ndi ma props pomanga gawolo. Nachi fanizo la gawo lofunikira:
Chigawo cha UserProfile chikagwiritsidwa ntchito kwina pakugwiritsa ntchito, dzina lolowera liyenera kuperekedwa. Age, kumbali ina, ndi kusintha kwa boma komwe chigawocho chimayang'anira.
Mutha kukulitsa zaka podina batani la gawo, kuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa boma kuti musamalire zambiri. Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa momwe mungapangire zida zoyankhira komanso zogwiritsidwanso ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito boma ndi ma props.
33. Kodi mungathane bwanji ndi kukwezedwa kwamafayilo mu Express.js?
Kuti muwonetsetse kuti mukuchita bwino mukamagwira zokwezedwa mu pulogalamu ya Express.js, njira zina zofunika ziyenera kuchitidwa.
Choyamba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito phukusi ngati multer, lomwe limapangidwa makamaka kuti ligwiritse ntchito magawo ambiri / mawonekedwe, njira yachikhalidwe yoyika mafayilo kudzera pa HTTP.
Nachi fanizo lolunjika la ndondomekoyi:
Multiper imakhazikitsidwa pachitsanzo ichi kuti isunge mafayilo omwe adakwezedwa mu bukhu lotchedwa "uploads/." Pogwiritsa ntchito upload.single('fayilo'), imalangiza Express kuvomereza fayilo imodzi yokha yokhala ndi dzina la 'fayilo' kuchokera pa pempho lomwe likubwera. Req.file iphatikiza zambiri za fayilo yomwe idakwezedwa.
34. Lembani ntchito yapakati mu Express yomwe imalowetsa njira yopempha, URL, ndi sitepe yanthawi.
Kuthetsa zolakwika ndikusunga zopempha zitha kuthandizidwa kwambiri popanga pulogalamu yapakati pa Express.js yomwe imalemba njira yofunsira, URL, ndi sitampu yanthawi. Nachi fanizo la momwe mungapangire zida zapakati:
Ntchito ya requestLogger mu kagawo kakang'ono ka code iyi imalemba sitampu yanthawi yomwe ilipo, njira ya HTTP (monga GET, POST, ndi zina zotero), ndi ulalo wa pempho lomwe likubwera.
Imawonetsetsa kuti zopemphazo zipitirire kuzinthu zapakati kapena zowongolera njira mu unyolo potsatira ().
Kuyang'ana kosasinthasintha kwa kuyanjana kwa pulogalamu kumaperekedwa powonjezera zida zapakati pa pulogalamuyo ndikugwiritsa ntchito app.use() kuyika pazopempha zonse zomwe zikubwera.
35. Yambitsani kutsimikizika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito JWT mu pulogalamu ya MERN.
Kuti muteteze misewu yovuta ndikutsimikizira zidziwitso za ogwiritsa ntchito, kutsimikizika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito JWT (JSON Web Tokens) kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa mu pulogalamu ya MERN (MongoDB, Express.js, React, Node.js). Ntchitoyi itulutsa JWT kumbuyo kwa nthawi yolowera, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kiyi yachinsinsi kubisa zambiri za ogwiritsa ntchito. Nachi chithunzi chachidule:
Chizindikirocho chimasungidwa kumbali ya kasitomala (React) ndikuwonjezedwa pamitu ya zopempha zotsatila. Express.js ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga middleware kumbali ya seva kutsimikizira chizindikiro:
36. Kodi mungayese bwanji gawo la React? Lembani mayeso osavuta.
Chigawo cha React chomwe chayesedwa chizigwira ntchito momwe chimafunira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ntchito yokhazikika komanso yodalirika.
Nthawi zambiri, mayeso amapangidwa ndikuyendetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito malaibulale monga Jest ndi React Testing Library.
Mwachitsanzo, mutha kupanga choyeserera chomwe chili pansipa kuti muyese chinthu chowongoka chomwe chili ndi batani lokhala ndi mawu akuti:
37. Pangani mbedza ya React kuti muyang'anire zolemba za fomu.
Popatula malingaliro osinthira zosintha mu mbewa ya React, mutha kuwongolera kasamalidwe ka boma pakugwiritsa ntchito kwanu.
Chingwechi chimalimbikitsa kugwiritsanso ntchito kachidindo chifukwa chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mitundu ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana. Nachi chithunzi cholunjika cha momwe mungalembe mbedza yotere:
Kenako, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mbedza iyi mu gawo logwira ntchito, mwachitsanzo, ponena kuti const name = useFormInput(”). Mutha kulumikiza mtengo ndikusintha chogwirizira ku chinthu cholowetsa popereka ma parameter a name.value ndi name.onChange.
Zida zanu zimatha kukhala zoyera komanso zosavuta kuzisamalira ndi kuphatikizidwa kwa malingaliro owongolera mawonekedwe, ndikumasula nthawi yanu yogwira ntchito pazinthu zina za pulogalamu yanu.
38. Yambitsani kukonza zolakwika panjira inayake mu Express.js.
Kuwongolera zolakwika za Express.js panjira yomwe mwapatsidwa kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa ngati mukufuna kupereka ndemanga zothandiza kwa kasitomala ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pulogalamu yanu ikugwira ntchito mosasinthasintha. Nachi chitsanzo cholunjika chokuwonetsani momwe mungachitire izi:
Njira /user/:id mu code iyi imapeza wogwiritsa ntchito ndi ID yawo. Cholakwika chimaperekedwa kwa ma middleware otsatirawa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotsatira ngati ichitika, mwachitsanzo ngati wosuta sangapezeke.
Wapakati womaliza mu unyolo amalemba vuto, amatumiza kasitomala nambala ya 500, ndikulemba cholakwikacho.
Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzochi, mutha kupereka zodalirika zowongolera zolakwika ndikutsimikizira kuti zovuta zomwe simunayembekezere zimathetsedwa pang'onopang'ono mu pulogalamu yanu.
39. Kodi mungagwire bwanji zenizeni zenizeni mu pulogalamu ya MERN? Fotokozani ndikulemba kachidutswa kakang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito Socket.IO kapena ukadaulo wofananira.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mayankho monga Socket.IO, kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yeniyeni mu MERN (MongoDB, Express.js, React, Node.js) mapulogalamu amatha kuyendetsedwa bwino.
Chotsatira chake, kasitomala ndi seva amatha kulankhulana mbali zonse ndikupeza zosintha mwamsanga pamene deta ikusintha. Mutha kukhazikitsa socket mu seva (Express.js) motere:
40. Fotokozani ndi kukhazikitsa caching mu pulogalamu ya MERN kuti muwongolere ntchito.
Posunga zomwe zidalandidwa m'mbuyomu ndikuzipangitsa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito zomwe zikubwera, caching ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yokwaniritsira pulogalamu ya MERN yomwe imatha kupititsa patsogolo liwiro. Izi zimachepetsa nthawi zolemetsa ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa seva. Kugwiritsa ntchito laibulale yosungira ngati Redis mu Express.js backend ndi njira wamba yosungira.
Choyamba muyenera kukonza Redis ngati sitolo yanu ya cache:
Mutha kudziwa ngati deta yasungidwa kale mukamapempha:
Kutsiliza
Pomaliza, kumvetsetsa mafunso awa mozama kumatha kukulitsa luso lanu la MERN Stack.
Kuchita sikumangopangitsa kukhala angwiro; zimapanganso chidziwitso chakuya chomwe chidzakusiyanitsani mumakampani a IT. Kumbukirani kuti zokumana nazo zothandiza komanso kuphunzira kosalekeza ndizomwe zingakuthandizeni kwambiri pakuwunika malingaliro awa.
Muzokambirana zilizonse za MERN Stack kapena kuyankhulana, mosakayika mudzadziwika ngati muli odziwa bwino komanso odzidalira.
Kuti mupeze thandizo pokonzekera zoyankhulana, onani Mndandanda wa Mafunso a Hashdork.
Siyani Mumakonda