M'ndandanda wazopezekamo[Bisani][Show]
Titha tsopano kuwerengera mlengalenga ndi zovuta zazing'ono za tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono chifukwa cha makompyuta.
Makompyuta amamenya anthu pankhani ya kuwerengera ndi kuwerengera, komanso kutsatira njira zomveka za inde/ayi, chifukwa cha ma elekitironi omwe amayenda pa liwiro la kuwala kudzera mumayendedwe ake.
Komabe, nthawi zambiri sitimawaona ngati “anzeru” chifukwa, m’mbuyomu makompyuta sakanatha kuchita chilichonse popanda kuphunzitsidwa (kukonzedwa) ndi anthu.
Kuphunzira makina, kuphatikizapo kuphunzira mozama ndi nzeru zochita kupanga, yakhala nkhani yaikulu m’nkhani zankhani za sayansi ndi zaumisiri.
Kuphunzira pamakina kumawoneka kuti kuli ponseponse, koma anthu ambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mawuwa amavutika kuti afotokoze bwino zomwe zili, zomwe amachita, ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino.
Nkhaniyi ikufuna kumveketsa bwino kuphunzira pamakina pomwe ikuperekanso zitsanzo zenizeni, zenizeni za momwe ukadaulo umagwirira ntchito kuti ziwonetsere chifukwa chake ndizopindulitsa.
Kenako, tiwona njira zosiyanasiyana zophunzirira makina ndikuwona momwe akugwiritsidwira ntchito kuthana ndi zovuta zamabizinesi.
Pomaliza, tiwona mpira wathu wa crystal kuti tilosere mwachangu za tsogolo la kuphunzira pamakina.
Kodi Machine Learning ndi chiyani?
Kuphunzira pamakina ndi njira yasayansi yamakompyuta yomwe imathandizira makompyuta kuti azitha kudziwa zomwe zili mu data popanda kuphunzitsidwa mwatsatanetsatane kuti ndi chiyani.
Zotsatirazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zozikidwa pakugwiritsa ntchito ma aligorivimu kuti aziwunika zokha zomwe zili mu datayo ndikupanga masamu kuti awonetse mgwirizano pakati pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Yerekezerani izi ndi ma computing akale, omwe amazikidwa pa deterministic systems, momwe timaperekera makompyuta momveka bwino malamulo oti atsatire kuti agwire ntchito inayake.
Njira iyi yopangira mapulogalamu apakompyuta imadziwika kuti kutsata malamulo. Kuphunzira pamakina kumasiyana ndikupambana madongosolo ozikidwa pamalamulo chifukwa amatha kuwerengera okha malamulo awa.
Tangoganizani kuti ndinu manejala wa banki yemwe akufuna kudziwa ngati pempho la ngongole lidzalephera pa ngongole yawo.
Mwanjira yozikidwa pamalamulo, woyang'anira banki (kapena akatswiri ena) amadziwitsa kompyutayo kuti ngati ngongole ya wopemphayo ili pansi pamlingo wina, pempholo liyenera kukanidwa.
Komabe, pulogalamu yophunzirira pamakina imangosanthula zomwe zachitika kale pamitengo yangongole yamakasitomala ndi zotsatira zangongole ndikuwona zomwe ziyenera kukhala pawokha.
Makinawa amaphunzira kuchokera ku deta yakale ndikupanga malamulo ake motere. Zoonadi, ichi ndi chiyambi chabe pa kuphunzira makina; zitsanzo zenizeni za makina ophunzirira ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa zoyambira.
Komabe, ndi chiwonetsero chabwino kwambiri cha kuthekera kwa kuphunzira pamakina.
Kodi a makina kuphunzira?
Kuti zinthu zikhale zosavuta, makina "amaphunzira" pozindikira mawonekedwe ofanana ndi data. Ganizirani za data kukhala chidziwitso chomwe mumapeza kuchokera kunja. Makina ambiri akamadyetsedwa, amakhala "wanzeru" kwambiri.
Komabe, si data yonse yomwe ili yofanana. Tangoganizani kuti ndinu pirate wokhala ndi cholinga chokhala ndi moyo wovumbulutsa chuma chobisika pachilumbachi. Mudzafuna chidziwitso chochuluka kuti mupeze mphoto.
Chidziwitso ichi, monga deta, chingakutengereni m'njira yolondola kapena yolakwika.
Kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso/deta yopezedwa, kusamveka bwino kumakhala kochepa, komanso mosemphanitsa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuganizira mtundu wa data yomwe mukudyetsa makina anu kuti muphunzirepo.
Komabe, data yochulukirapo ikaperekedwa, kompyuta imatha kulosera. Makina amatha kuyembekezera zam'tsogolo bola ngati sapatuka kwambiri ndi zakale.
Makina “amaphunzira” mwa kusanthula mbiri yakale kuti adziwe zomwe zingachitike.
Ngati deta yakale ikufanana ndi deta yatsopano, ndiye kuti zinthu zomwe munganene za deta yapitayi zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku deta yatsopano. Zimakhala ngati mukuyang'ana m'mbuyo kuti muwone kutsogolo.
Ndi mitundu yanji ya maphunziro a makina?
Ma algorithms ophunzirira makina nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'mitundu itatu yotakata (ngakhale njira zina zamagawo zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito):
- Kuyang'aniridwa kuphunzira
- Kuphunzira osayang'aniridwa
- Zolimbikitsa kuphunzira
Kuyang'aniridwa kuphunzira
Kuphunzira pamakina oyang'aniridwa kumatanthawuza njira zomwe makina ophunzirira amaperekedwa kusonkhanitsa deta yokhala ndi zilembo zowonekera bwino za kuchuluka kwa chidwi (kuchulukaku kumatchedwa kuyankha kapena chandamale).
Kuphunzitsa ma AI, maphunziro osayang'aniridwa pang'ono amagwiritsa ntchito kusakanikirana kwa data yolembedwa ndi yosalemba.
Ngati mukugwira ntchito ndi data yopanda zilembo, muyenera kulemba zolemba zina.
Kulemba zilembo ndi njira yolembera zitsanzo kuti zithandizire kuphunzitsa makina ophunzirira chitsanzo. Kulemba zilembo kumachitidwa ndi anthu, zomwe zitha kukhala zodula komanso zowononga nthawi. Komabe, pali njira zosinthira zilembo zolembera.
Mkhalidwe wofunsira ngongole womwe takambirana m'mbuyomu ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha maphunziro oyang'aniridwa. Tidakhala ndi mbiri yakale yokhudzana ndi zomwe omwe adabwereketsa ngongole (ndipo mwina kuchuluka kwa ndalama, zaka, ndi zina zotero) komanso zolemba zomwe zidatiuza ngati, yemwe akufunsidwayo adalephera kubweza ngongoleyo kapena ayi.
Kubwerera m'mbuyo ndi kugawa ndi magawo awiri a njira zoyang'aniridwa zophunzirira.
- gulu - Imagwiritsa ntchito algorithm kugawa deta moyenera. Zosefera sipamu ndi chitsanzo chimodzi. "Sipamu" ikhoza kukhala gulu lodzimvera - mzere pakati pa mauthenga a sipamu ndi osakhala ndi sipamu ndi wosokonekera-ndipo ndondomeko ya fyuluta ya sipamu imadzikonza yokha kutengera zomwe mwayankha (kutanthauza imelo yomwe anthu amalemba kuti sipamu).
- Kugonjetsa - Zimathandiza kumvetsetsa kugwirizana pakati pa mitundu yodalira ndi yodziimira. Mitundu yobwerera m'mbuyo imatha kulosera manambala kutengera magwero angapo a data, monga kuyerekeza kwa ndalama zomwe kampani ina ipeza. Kubwereranso kwa Linear, logistic regression, ndi polynomial regression ndi njira zina zodziwikiratu.
Kuphunzira osayang'aniridwa
M'maphunziro osayang'aniridwa, timapatsidwa deta yopanda zilembo ndipo tikungoyang'ana machitidwe. Tiyerekeze kuti ndinu Amazon. Kodi tingapeze magulu aliwonse (magulu a ogula ofanana) kutengera mbiri ya kasitomala?
Ngakhale tilibe chidziwitso chomveka bwino chokhudza zomwe munthu amakonda, pakadali pano, kungodziwa kuti gulu linalake la ogula limagula zinthu zofananira zimatilola kupanga malingaliro ogula potengera zomwe anthu ena mgululi agulanso.
Amazon "mutha kukhalanso ndi chidwi" carousel imayendetsedwa ndi matekinoloje ofanana.
Kuphunzira kosayang'aniridwa kungathe kusonkhanitsa deta kudzera m'magulumagulu kapena mayanjano, kutengera zomwe mukufuna kusonkhanitsa.
- Kuphatikiza - Kuphunzira kosayang'aniridwa kumayesa kuthana ndi vutoli pofufuza machitidwe mu data. Ngati pali gulu kapena gulu lofananira, ma algorithm amawagawa mwanjira inayake. Kuyesa kugawa makasitomala malinga ndi mbiri yakale yogula ndi chitsanzo cha izi.
- Msonkhano - Kuphunzira mosayang'aniridwa kumayesa kuthana ndi vutoli poyesa kumvetsetsa malamulo ndi matanthauzo amagulu osiyanasiyana. Chitsanzo chokhazikika chavuto lamayanjano ndikuzindikira ulalo pakati pa kugula kwamakasitomala. Ogulitsa amatha kukhala ndi chidwi chodziwa zomwe zidagulidwa limodzi ndipo atha kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitsochi kukonza momwe zinthuzi zilili kuti zitheke mosavuta.
Maphunziro Owonjezera
Kuphunzira kolimbikitsira ndi njira yophunzitsira makina ophunzirira makina kuti apange zisankho zokhazikika pazokambirana. Milandu yogwiritsa ntchito masewera yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa ndi zithunzi zabwino kwambiri za izi.
Simukuyenera kulowetsa AlphaZero masauzande amasewera am'mbuyomu chess, iliyonse ili ndi "zabwino" kapena "zosauka" zolembedwa. Ingophunzitsani malamulo a masewerawo ndi cholinga chake, ndiyeno mulole kuti ayese kuchita zinthu mwachisawawa.
Kulimbikitsana kwabwino kumaperekedwa kuzinthu zomwe zimayandikitsa pulogalamuyo kufupi ndi cholinga (monga kukhazikitsa malo olimba a pawn). Zochita zikakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana (monga kusamutsa mfumu nthawi yake), zimapeza kulimbikitsidwa koyipa.
Pulogalamuyo imatha kuchita bwino masewerawa pogwiritsa ntchito njira iyi.
Zolimbikitsa kuphunzira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'ma robotiki pophunzitsa maloboti pazinthu zovuta komanso zovuta kuchita mainjiniya. Nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi njira zopangira misewu, monga ma siginecha amsewu, kuti apititse patsogolo kuyenda.
Kodi tingatani ndi kuphunzira makina?
Kugwiritsa ntchito makina ophunzirira pamakina ndi mafakitale kumabweretsa kupita patsogolo kwazinthu zambiri za anthu.
M'moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku, kuphunzira pamakina tsopano kumayang'anira kusaka kwa Google ndi ma aligorivimu azithunzi, zomwe zimatilola kuti tizilumikizana molondola ndi zomwe timafunikira tikazifuna.
Mwachitsanzo, muzamankhwala, kuphunzira pamakina kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazidziwitso za majini kuti athandizire madokotala kumvetsetsa ndikudziwiratu momwe khansa imafalikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chithandizo chothandizira kwambiri.
Deta yochokera mumlengalenga ikusonkhanitsidwa pano pa Dziko Lapansi kudzera pa ma telesikopu akuluakulu a wailesi - ndipo titaunika ndi kuphunzira pamakina, ikutithandiza kuvumbulutsa zinsinsi zamabowo akuda.
Kuphunzira pamakina ogulitsa kumagwirizanitsa ogula ndi zinthu zomwe akufuna kugula pa intaneti, komanso kumathandiza ogwira ntchito m'masitolo kuti agwirizane ndi ntchito zomwe amapereka kwa makasitomala awo m'dziko la njerwa ndi matope.
Kuphunzira pamakina kumagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi uchigawenga komanso kuchita zinthu monyanyira poyembekezera khalidwe la anthu amene akufuna kuvulaza anthu osalakwa.
Natural Language processing (NLP) imatanthauza njira yolola makompyuta kuti amvetse ndi kulankhula nafe m'chinenero cha anthu kudzera m'makina ophunzirira, ndipo zachititsa kuti pakhale chitukuko cha luso lomasulira komanso zipangizo zogwiritsira ntchito mawu zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, monga Alexa, Google dot, Siri, ndi Google Assistant.
Popanda funso, kuphunzira pamakina kukuwonetsa kuti ndiukadaulo wosintha.
Maloboti omwe amatha kugwira ntchito limodzi nafe ndikukulitsa umunthu wathu ndi malingaliro athu ndi malingaliro awo opanda cholakwika ndi liwiro lamphamvu kuposa laumunthu salinso nthano zopeka za sayansi - zikuchitikadi m'magawo ambiri.
Maphunziro ogwiritsira ntchito makina
1. Kusokonekera
Pamene maukonde akuvuta kwambiri, akatswiri odziwa zachitetezo cha pa intaneti agwira ntchito molimbika kuti agwirizane ndi ziwopsezo zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira.
Kulimbana ndi njira zaumbanda ndi kubera zomwe zikusintha mwachangu ndizovuta, koma kuchuluka kwa zida za intaneti ya Zinthu (IoT) kwasintha kwambiri chilengedwe chachitetezo cha pa intaneti.
Zowukira zitha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse komanso pamalo aliwonse.
Mwamwayi, ma aligorivimu ophunzirira makina athandiza kuti ntchito za cybersecurity zizichitika mwachangu.
Ma analytics olosera zimathandizira kuzindikira ndikuchepetsa kuukira, pomwe kuphunzira pamakina kumatha kusanthula zochitika zanu mkati mwa netiweki kuti muwone zolakwika ndi zofooka zamakina omwe alipo kale.
2. Makina ogwiritsira ntchito makasitomala
Kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa omwe amalumikizana ndi makasitomala pa intaneti kwasokoneza kwambiri dongosolo.
Alibe anthu ogwira ntchito okwanira kuti athe kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa mafunso omwe akulandira, komanso njira yachikhalidwe yopezera makasitomala malo ochezera ndizosavomerezeka kwa makasitomala ambiri masiku ano.
Ma Chatbots ndi makina ena ongochita okha amatha kuthana ndi izi chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa njira zophunzirira zamakina. Makampani amatha kumasula ogwira ntchito kuti athandizire makasitomala apamwamba kwambiri pongopanga zochitika zapanthawi zonse komanso zosafunikira kwambiri.
Kukagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, kuphunzira pamakina mubizinesi kumatha kuthandizira kuthetsa vuto ndikupatsa ogula mtundu wa chithandizo chomwe chimawatembenuza kukhala akatswiri odzipereka amtundu.
3. Kulankhulana
Kupewa zolakwika ndi malingaliro olakwika ndikofunikira mumtundu uliwonse wa kulumikizana, koma makamaka muzolumikizana zamasiku ano zamabizinesi.
Kulakwitsa kosavuta kwa kalankhulidwe, kamvekedwe kolakwika, kapena kumasulira kolakwika kungayambitse zovuta zingapo polumikizana ndi maimelo, kuwunika kwamakasitomala, msonkhano wapakanema, kapena zolemba zolembedwa m'njira zambiri.
Makina ophunzirira makina ali ndi kulumikizana kwapamwamba kwambiri kuposa masiku apamwamba a Microsoft Clippy.
Zitsanzo zamakina zophunzirira izi zathandiza anthu kuti azilankhulana mosavuta komanso ndendende pogwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo chachilengedwe, kumasulira chilankhulo munthawi yeniyeni, komanso kuzindikira mawu.
Ngakhale anthu ambiri sakonda luso lowongolera okha, amayamikiranso kutetezedwa ku zolakwika zochititsa manyazi ndi kamvekedwe kosayenera.
4. Kuzindikirika kwa Chinthu
Ngakhale teknoloji yosonkhanitsa ndi kutanthauzira deta yakhalapo kwa kanthawi, kuphunzitsa makompyuta kuti amvetsetse zomwe akuyang'ana kwatsimikizira kuti ndi ntchito yovuta mwachinyengo.
Kuthekera kozindikira zinthu kukuwonjezedwa pazida zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito makina ophunzirira.
Galimoto yodziyendetsa yokha, mwachitsanzo, imazindikira galimoto ina ikaiona, ngakhale opanga mapulogalamu sanaipereke chitsanzo chenicheni cha galimotoyo kuti igwiritse ntchito ngati umboni.
Ukadaulowu tsopano ukugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabizinesi ogulitsa kuti athandizire kufulumizitsa njira yolipira. Makamera amazindikira zomwe zili m'ngolo za ogula ndipo amatha kulipira maakaunti awo akatuluka m'sitolo.
5. Kutsatsa Kwama digito
Zambiri zamalonda zamasiku ano zimachitika pa intaneti, pogwiritsa ntchito nsanja za digito ndi mapulogalamu apulogalamu.
Pamene mabizinesi amasonkhanitsa zambiri za ogula ndi momwe amagulira, magulu otsatsa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitsochi kuti apange chithunzi chatsatanetsatane cha omwe akutsata ndikuzindikira kuti ndi anthu ati omwe amakonda kufunafuna malonda ndi ntchito zawo.
Ma algorithms ophunzirira makina amathandizira otsatsa kuti amvetsetse zomwe data yonseyi, kupeza njira zazikulu ndi zomwe zimawalola kugawa bwino zomwe zingatheke.
Ukadaulo womwewo umalola makina akuluakulu otsatsa digito. Makina otsatsa amatha kukhazikitsidwa kuti apeze ogula atsopano mwachangu ndikupereka zotsatsa zoyenera kwa iwo panthawi ndi malo oyenera.
Tsogolo la Kuphunzira Kwamakina
Kuphunzira pamakina kukuchulukirachulukira chifukwa mabizinesi ambiri ndi mabungwe akulu amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo kuthana ndi zovuta zina kapena kupanga mafuta.
Kupitirizabe kugulitsa ndalamaku kukuwonetsa kumvetsetsa kuti kuphunzira pamakina kukupanga ROI, makamaka kudzera muzochitika zina zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa zomwe zakhazikitsidwa komanso zomwe zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito.
Kupatula apo, ngati ukadaulo uli wokwanira kwa Netflix, Facebook, Amazon, Google Maps, ndi zina zotero, mwayi ungathandize kampani yanu kuti igwiritse ntchito bwino deta yake.
Monga chatsopano makina kuphunzira mitundu imapangidwa ndikukhazikitsidwa, tiwona kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa mapulogalamu omwe adzagwiritsidwe ntchito m'mafakitale onse.
Izi zikuchitika kale ndi kuzindikira nkhope, yomwe kale inali ntchito yatsopano pa iPhone yanu koma tsopano ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mumitundu yambiri yamapulogalamu ndi ntchito, makamaka zokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha anthu.
Chinsinsi cha mabungwe ambiri omwe akuyesera kuti ayambe kuphunzira pamakina ndikuyang'ana kupyola masomphenya owala amtsogolo ndikupeza zovuta zenizeni zamabizinesi zomwe ukadaulo ukhoza kukuthandizani.
Kutsiliza
M'zaka za pambuyo pa mafakitale, asayansi ndi akatswiri akhala akuyesera kupanga makompyuta omwe amakhala ngati anthu.
Makina oganiza ndiwothandizira kwambiri a AI kwa anthu; kubwera kodabwitsa kwa makina odzipangira okhawa kwasintha mwachangu malamulo oyendetsera makampani.
Magalimoto odziyendetsa okha, othandizira odzipangira okha, ogwira ntchito yodzipangira okha, komanso mizinda yanzeru posachedwapa awonetsa kuthekera kwa makina anzeru. Kusintha kwa kuphunzira kwa makina, ndi tsogolo la kuphunzira kwa makina, kudzakhala nafe kwa nthawi yayitali.
Siyani Mumakonda