Pamene mafakitale ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zama algorithms kuti azisintha magwiridwe antchito ndikupanga zisankho, kuphunzira pamakina kukukhala gawo lofunikira la momwe dziko lamasiku ano limagwirira ntchito.
Nkhani ya kukondera pamaphunziro amakina ndiyofunika kuiganizira pamene makina ophunzirira makina aphatikizidwa m'mabungwe osiyanasiyana popanga zisankho.
Kutsimikizira kuti zosankha zopangidwa ndi ma aligorivimu ndizopanda tsankho komanso zopanda tsankho ziyenera kukhala cholinga cha bungwe lililonse lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito makina ophunzirira makina. Kuti muwonetsetse kuti zotulukapo zitha kudaliridwa ndikuwonedwa ngati zachilungamo, ndikofunikira kuzindikira ndikuwongolera makina kuphunzira kukondera.
Zimakhudzana ndi mafunso ofotokozera zachitsanzo, kapena momwe zimakhalira zosavuta kuti munthu amvetsetse momwe makina ophunzirira amafikira kumapeto. Zomwe zimachitika komanso momwe makina ophunzirira amapangira mapu ndikuphunzira zimachokera ku deta yokha osati kudzera mu chitukuko chachindunji cha anthu.
Kukondera pamakina ophunzirira kumatha kuwonekera pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana ngati sikuyendetsedwa ndikuwunikiridwa. Pamene chitsanzo chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi zambiri chimakumana ndi zochitika zomwe sizikuwoneka bwino muzotsatira za maphunziro.
Chitsanzochi chikhoza kukhala chokwanira kwambiri pa maphunziro osagwirizana ndi oimira. Ngakhale kuti maphunzirowa ndi abwino kwambiri, chitsanzocho chikhoza kukhudzidwabe ndi kukondera kwa mbiri yakale chifukwa cha zikhalidwe zambiri.
Akakhazikitsidwa, chitsanzo chokondera chikhoza kukomera magulu ena kapena kutaya kulondola ndi zigawo zina za data. Izi zitha kubweretsa zigamulo zomwe zimalanga mopanda chilungamo gulu linalake la anthu, zomwe zitha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa padziko lapansi.
Nkhaniyi ikukamba za kukondera pamakina ophunzirira, kuphatikiza zomwe zili, momwe mungawonere, kuwopsa komwe kumabweretsa, ndi zina zambiri.
Ndiye, Kodi Kuphunzira Kwamakina ndi Chiyani?
Ma algorithm omwe amapanga zotulutsa zomwe zimakondera mwadongosolo chifukwa cha malingaliro abodza omwe amapangidwa panthawi yophunzirira makina amadziwika kuti kukondera pamakina, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kukondera kwa algorithm kapena kumadziwika kuti kukondera kwa AI.
Kukondera kwa makina ophunzirira ndi chizolowezi cha chitsanzo kukomera gulu linalake la data kapena kagawo kakang'ono ka data; nthawi zambiri zimabweretsedwa ndi ma dataset ophunzitsira omwe si oyimira. Ndi kusonkhanitsa kwina kwa deta, chitsanzo chokondera chidzachepa, chomwe chidzawononga kulondola kwake.
Muzochitika zenizeni, izi zingatanthauze kuti maphunziro okondera adapangitsa kuti chitsanzocho chikhale chokomera mtundu, chiwerengero cha anthu, kapena jenda.
Zotsatira zake, zotulukapo zamakina ophunzirira zitha kukhala zopanda chilungamo kapena tsankho. Maphunziro osayimilira ma datasets angathandize kukondera mu maphunziro makina.
Zotsatira zake zitha kukhala zokondera kumagulu ena, osaimiridwa bwino ngati chidziwitso cha maphunziro chilibe kapena kuyimira mopambanitsa gulu linalake la data. Izi zikhoza kuchitika ngati chitsanzo cha deta yophunzitsira sichikugwirizana ndendende ndi malo enieni otumizira anthu.
Kuphunzira kwamakina m'makampani azachipatala, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyang'ana zomwe wodwala akudziwa motsutsana ndi matenda odziwika kapena matenda, ndi chitsanzo chabwino. Ma Model amatha kufulumizitsa zochitika zachipatala akagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera.
Komabe, tsankho n’zotheka. Akafunsidwa kuti adziwiretu matenda omwe angakhalepo kwa wodwala wokalamba, chitsanzo sichingagwire bwino ngati deta yophunzitsira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga izo makamaka imakhala ndi deta ya odwala kuchokera ku msinkhu wocheperako.
Kuphatikiza apo, ziwerengero zakale zimatha kusokonekera. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa m'mbiri, antchito ambiri anali amuna, chitsanzo chophunzitsidwa kusefa ofuna ntchito chingakomere amuna ofunsira.
Kukondera kwa makina ophunzirira kumakhudza kulondola kwachitsanzo pazochitika zonse ziwiri, ndipo zikavuta kwambiri, zitha kubweretsa malingaliro atsankho komanso opanda chilungamo.
Zosankha ziyenera kuwunikiridwa mosamala kuti zitsimikizire kuti palibe kukondera ngati mitundu yophunzirira makina sinthani ntchito zambiri zamanja. Chotsatira chake, machitidwe olamulira achitsanzo m'bungwe lililonse ayenera kukhala ndi kuyang'anira kukondera kwa makina ophunzirira.
Mitundu yambiri ya ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana ikumalizidwa ndi makina ophunzirira makina. Masiku ano, zitsanzo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga njira zovuta kwambiri komanso kupanga malingaliro. Pakusankha zisankho uku, kukondera kumatanthauza kuti munthu wachitsanzo akhoza kukondera gulu lina kuposa lina potengera kukondera komwe adaphunzira.
Akagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zigamulo zosatetezeka ndi zotsatira zenizeni, izi zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa. Akagwiritsidwa ntchito kuvomereza zopempha za ngongole, mwachitsanzo, chitsanzo chokondera chikhoza kusokoneza anthu ena. M'mabizinesi oyendetsedwa bwino pomwe zochita zilizonse zitha kuyang'aniridwa kapena kufufuzidwa, ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chiyenera kuganiziridwa.
Mitundu ya Kuphunzirira Makina
- Algorithm Bias - Izi zimachitika pakakhala cholakwika mu algorithm yomwe imawerengera zomwe zimayendetsa makina ophunzirira makina.
- Zitsanzo Zokondera - Pamene deta ntchito phunzitsani makina ophunzirira model ili ndi vuto, izi zimachitika. Pankhani ya kukondera kwamtundu wotere, kuchuluka kapena mtundu wa data yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa dongosolo ndi yosakwanira. Ndondomekoyi idzaphunzitsidwa kukhulupirira kuti aphunzitsi onse ndi achikazi ngati, mwachitsanzo, maphunziro apangidwa ndi aphunzitsi achikazi.
- Kupatula kukondera - Izi zimachitika pamene nsonga yofunika kwambiri ya deta ilibe pa seti ya deta yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zingachitike ngati otsatsira alephera kuzindikira kufunikira kwa mfundo yomwe ikusowa.
- Tsankho - Pa nthawiyi, makina ophunzirira okha amakondera chifukwa deta yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa dongosololi ikuwonetsa zokondera zenizeni monga tsankho, stereotypes, ndi malingaliro olakwika a anthu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chidziwitso cha akatswiri azachipatala chikaphatikizidwa pamakompyuta omwe amangophatikiza madotolo achimuna ndi anamwino achikazi, lingaliro lenileni la jenda la ogwira ntchito yazaumoyo lingapitirire.
- Kukondera kwa Miyeso - Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, kukondera kumeneku kumachokera kuzinthu zofunika kwambiri zokhudzana ndi ubwino wa deta ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posonkhanitsa kapena kuwunika. Dongosolo lophunzitsidwa kuti liwunikire bwino kulemera lidzakhala lokondera ngati zolemera zomwe zili muzolemba zamaphunziro zimasonkhanitsidwa nthawi zonse, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi za ogwira ntchito okhutira kuti aphunzitse dongosolo lomwe likuyenera kuwunika malo antchito lingakhale lokondera ngati ogwira ntchito pazithunzizo akudziwa. anali kuyesedwa kaamba ka chimwemwe.
Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimapangitsa kukondera pakuphunzirira makina?
Ngakhale pali zifukwa zambiri zokondera makina ophunzirira, nthawi zambiri zimachokera ku kukondera kwa data yophunzitsira yokha. Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingayambitse kukondera mu data yophunzitsira.
Chiwonetsero chowonekera kwambiri ndi data yophunzitsira, yomwe ndi kagawo kakang'ono ka mikhalidwe yomwe imawonedwa mu dongosolo lotumizidwa lomwe silinafanane. Izi zitha kukhala zophunzitsira zomwe sizikuyimira gulu lina kapena kuchuluka kwa gulu lina.
Izi zimatchedwa kukondera kwachitsanzo, ndipo zimatha chifukwa chosonkhanitsira deta yamaphunziro osasinthika. Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonkhanitsa, kusanthula, kapena kugawa deta, komanso mizu ya mbiri yakale, zonse zingayambitse kukondera kwa deta yokha.
Chidziwitsocho chingakhale chokondera m'mbiri mu chikhalidwe chokulirapo chomwe chinasonkhanitsidwa.
Kukondera kwa makina ophunzirira kumayamba chifukwa cha:
- Tsankho lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi anthu kapena gulu m'mbiri yakale limagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa ma algorithms.
- Maphunziro omwe samawonetsa zochitika zenizeni.
- Kukondera polemba kapena kukonza deta yophunzirira makina oyang'aniridwa.
Mwachitsanzo, kusowa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maphunziro kungayambitse kukondera. Kulondola kwamitundu yophunzirira pamakina nthawi zambiri kumakhudzidwa ndi kukondera kwa mbiri yakale pachikhalidwe chokulirapo.
Izi nthawi zina zimatchedwa kukondera kwa anthu. Kupeza zosonkhanitsidwa zambiri zomwe sizimakonda kukondera kungakhale kovuta. Gawo lopangira ma data pamakina ophunzirira makina limatengeranso kukondera kwa anthu.
Deta yomwe yalembedwa ndikukonzedwa ndi wasayansi ya data kapena katswiri wina ndiyofunikira pakuphunzirira makina oyang'aniridwa. Kaya zimachokera kumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya data yomwe imayeretsedwa, momwe ma data amalembedwera, kapena kusankha kwa mawonekedwe, kukondera pakulemba izi kungayambitse kukondera pamaphunziro a makina.
Zowopsa Zophunzirira Makina
Popeza zitsanzo ndi zida zopangira zisankho zoyendetsedwa ndi deta, zimaganiziridwa kuti zimapereka zigamulo zopanda tsankho. Mitundu yophunzirira makina nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi kukondera, komwe kumatha kusokoneza zotsatira.
Mafakitale ochulukirachulukira akugwiritsa ntchito makina ophunzirira m'malo mwa mapulogalamu ndi njira zakale. Zitsanzo zokondera zitha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa mdziko lenileni pomwe ntchito zovuta zimangochitika pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo.
Kuphunzira pamakina sikusiyana ndi njira zina zopangira zisankho zomwe mabungwe ndi anthu amayembekezera kuti zizikhala zowonekera komanso zofanana. Chifukwa kuphunzira pamakina ndi njira yokhayokha, zigamulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina zimawunikidwa kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mabungwe aziyesetsa kuthana ndi zoopsazi chifukwa kukondera pamakina kumatha kukhala ndi tsankho kapena zoyipa kwa anthu ena. Pazinthu zoyendetsedwa, makamaka, kuthekera kwa kukondera pamaphunziro a makina kuyenera kuganiziridwa.
Mwachitsanzo, kuphunzira pamakina kubanki kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuvomera kapena kukana omwe adzabwereke nyumba pambuyo poyang'ana koyamba. Chitsanzo chokondera gulu linalake la ofuna kusankha chikhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zovulaza kwa ofuna kusankhidwa ndi bungwe.
Kukondera kulikonse komwe kumapezeka m'malo otumizira anthu ntchito komwe kungawunikidwe kungayambitse mavuto akulu. Chitsanzocho sichingagwire ntchito ndipo, muzochitika zoyipa kwambiri, zitha kukhala zatsankho mwadala.
Kukondera kuyenera kuwunikiridwa mosamala komanso kukonzekera chifukwa zitha kuchititsa kuti mtunduwo uchotsedwe kwathunthu. Kupeza chidaliro pazisankho zachitsanzo kumafuna kumvetsetsa ndi kuthana ndi kukondera pamakina.
Mlingo wakukhulupirirana mkati mwa bungwe komanso pakati pa ogula ntchito zakunja ukhoza kukhudzidwa ndi kukondera komwe kulipo popanga zisankho. Ngati zitsanzo sizidalilika, makamaka potsogolera zosankha zomwe zili pachiwopsezo chachikulu, sizigwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira m'bungwe.
Poyesa kutanthauzira kwachitsanzo, kuwerengera kwa tsankho kuyenera kuganiziridwa. Kutsimikizika ndi kulondola kwa zisankho zachitsanzo zitha kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kukondera kophunzirira makina kosasunthika.
Nthawi zina zimatha kuyambitsa tsankho zomwe zingakhudze anthu ena kapena magulu. Pali ntchito zambiri zamakina amitundu yosiyanasiyana yophunzirira makina, ndipo iliyonse imatha kukondera pakuphunzira makina pamlingo wina.
Kukondera kwa makina ophunzirira kumawonetsedwa ndi:
- Chifukwa chakusowa kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana pamaphunziro, ma aligorivimu ozindikira nkhope sangakhale olondola kwa magulu ena amitundu.
- Pulogalamuyi imatha kuzindikira tsankho lamtundu ndi jenda mu data chifukwa cha tsankho la anthu kapena mbiri yakale.
- Ndi chilankhulo china kapena katchulidwe kake, kukonza zilankhulo zachilengedwe kumatha kukhala kolondola kwambiri, ndipo sikungathe kukonza katchulidwe kamene sikamayimiriridwa pang'ono ndi data yamaphunziro.
Kuthetsa Tsankho mu Kuphunzira Kwamakina
Kuwunika ndi kukonzanso zitsanzo pamene kukondera kwapezeka ndi njira ziwiri zothetsera kukondera kwa makina. Nthawi zambiri, kukondera kwachitsanzo ndi chizindikiro cha kukondera mu data yophunzitsira, kapena kukondera kumatha kukhala kogwirizana ndi gawo la maphunziro a makina ophunzirira moyo.
Gawo lililonse la moyo wachitsanzo liyenera kukhala ndi njira zopezera kukondera kapena kusuntha kwachitsanzo. Njira zowunikira kuphunzira kwa makina pambuyo potumizidwa zikuphatikizidwanso. Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana pafupipafupi ma model ndi ma dataset kuti awonere.
Izi zitha kuphatikizapo kuwunika mndandanda wamaphunziro kuti muwone momwe magulu amagawidwira ndikuyimiridwa pamenepo. Ndizotheka kusintha ndi/kapena kukonza nkhokwe zomwe sizikuyimira konse.
Kuphatikiza apo, kukondera kuyenera kuganiziridwa pakuwunika momwe ma model amagwirira ntchito. Kuyesa kachitidwe kachitsanzo pamagulu ang'onoang'ono a data kungasonyeze ngati ili ndi tsankho kapena mopambanitsa mogwirizana ndi gulu linalake.
Ndizotheka kuwunika momwe makina amagwirira ntchito pamagawo ena a data pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsimikizira. Ndondomekoyi imaphatikizapo kugawa deta m'magulu osiyanasiyana ophunzitsira ndi kuyesa.
Mutha kuthetsa kukondera pakuphunzirira makina ndi:
- Ngati ndi kotheka, phunzitsaninso chitsanzocho pogwiritsa ntchito magulu akuluakulu, oimira maphunziro.
- Kukhazikitsa ndondomeko yoyang'anira zotsatira zokondera komanso ziganizo zachilendo.
- Kuchepetsa thupi ndikusintha ma hyperparameter ngati kuli kofunikira kungathandize kuyankha kukondera.
- Kulimbikitsa kuthetseratu kukondera komwe kwapezeka kudzera mukuzungulira kosalekeza kwa kuzindikira ndi kukhathamiritsa.
Kutsiliza
Zimakhala zokopa kukhulupirira kuti ataphunzitsidwa, makina ophunzirira makina azigwira ntchito okha. M'malo mwake, malo ogwirira ntchito amtunduwu amasintha nthawi zonse, ndipo oyang'anira amayenera kukonzanso zitsanzo pogwiritsa ntchito ma seti atsopano pafupipafupi.
Kuphunzira pamakina ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri zaukadaulo zomwe zili ndi phindu pazachuma padziko lonse lapansi. Kuphunzira pamakina, kukaphatikizidwa ndi matekinoloje akuluakulu a data komanso mphamvu yayikulu yowerengera yomwe ikupezeka kudzera pamtambo wapagulu, imatha kusintha momwe anthu amalumikizirana ndiukadaulo, komanso mwina mafakitale onse.
Komabe, monga momwe luso laukadaulo lophunzirira makina lilili labwino, liyenera kulinganizidwa bwino kuti mupewe kukondera kopanda dala. Kuchita bwino kwa zigamulo zopangidwa ndi makina kumatha kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kukondera, zomwe ndi zomwe opanga makina ophunzirira makina ayenera kuganizira.
Siyani Mumakonda