Ukatswiri wa anthu wafika pachimake ndi machitidwe a digito.
Microcontroller kapena microprocessor nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina otere, omwe amasunga, kukonza, ndi kutumiza deta mumtundu wa digito.
Mabwalo a digito amapereka ndi kulandira deta mu manambala apanambala (1s ndi 0s).
Kuphatikiza apo, zipata zomveka zidayika maziko a kuchuluka kwa mabwalo a digito omwe alipo masiku ano.
Makompyuta akhala gawo lofunikira pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku chifukwa amatha kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana komanso magwiridwe antchito munthawi yochepa kwambiri.
Imodzi mwaudindo wofunikira kwambiri wa CPU yamakompyuta ndikupanga njira zomveka pogwiritsa ntchito zida monga Integrated Circuits, matekinoloje apulogalamu, ndi mabwalo amagetsi.
Makompyuta amagwiritsa ntchito manambala apawiri m'malo mwa manambala a digito pochita zinthu zosavuta. Ma logic gates amagwira ntchito zonse.
Kodi logic gate ndi chiyani?
Chipata cha logic ndi gawo la mabwalo a digito omwe amagwira ntchito ngati chomangira.
Amagwira ntchito zomveka bwino pamagawo a digito. Zipata zomveka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi pazida zilizonse zaukadaulo zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito masiku ano.
Zipata zomveka, mwachitsanzo, zitha kupezeka pazida zam'manja, mapiritsi, ndi zida zokumbukira.
Zipata za logic za circuit zimapanga zisankho kutengera kusakanizika kwa ma siginecha a digito omwe amatumizidwa pazolowera zake. Zipata zambiri za logic zimakhala ndi zolowetsa ziwiri ndi zotulutsa chimodzi.
Kuti apange zipata zomveka, algebra ya Boolean imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi iliyonse, terminal iliyonse imakhala m'modzi mwa zigawo ziwiri: zabodza kapena zowona.
Bodza limafanana ndi ziro, pomwe chowonadi chimafanana ndi chimodzi. Kutulutsa kwa binary kudzasiyana kutengera mtundu wa chipata cha logic chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kusakanikirana kolowera.
Chipata cha logic ndi chofanana ndi chosinthira chowunikira chifukwa chotulutsacho chimazimitsidwa pamalo amodzi ndikupitilira kwina. Zipata zomveka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi mumayendedwe ophatikizika (ICs).
Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipata za logic ndi ziti?
Zipata zomveka zimagawidwa m'mitundu isanu ndi iwiri:
- AND
- OR
- OSATI
- kapena
- NAND
- XOR
- Zithunzi za XNOR
Tsopano, tiyeni tilowe mwakuya mu chirichonse cha izo.
1. NDI Chipata
Ndi chipata chomveka pamlingo wake wofunikira kwambiri. Pali mitundu iwiri ya zolowetsa zomwe zilipo: 0 ndi 1.
Ntchito yake ndi yofanana ndi ya "ndi". Ngati zolowetsa zonse za pachipata zili ndi mtengo wofanana (zowona), zotsatira zake ndi 1, zina 0 zimaperekedwa ngati zolowetsazo zili ndi mtengo womwewo (zabodza).
mawu
Y = AB
Chithunzithunzi Choyimira
Choonadi Table
A | B | linanena bungwe |
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 1 |
2. KAPENA Chipata
OR zipata zimakhala ndi zolowera ziwiri kapena kupitilira apo ndipo ndi mtundu wa zipata zomveka.
Ikhoza kungotulutsa chinthu chimodzi panthawi, komabe. Malinga ndi algebra, chipata cha OR chimapanga kuchuluka kwa zomwe zalowa.
Kutulutsa kwa chipata cha OR kumakhala kowona (1) pomwe chimodzi mwazolowetsa zake chili chowona; apo ayi, zotsatira zake ndi ziro.
mawu
Y = A+B
Chithunzithunzi Choyimira
Choonadi Table
A | B | linanena bungwe |
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 1 |
3. OSATI Chipata
Itha kukhala ndi cholowa chimodzi ndi zotulutsa nthawi iliyonse. OSATI zipata, kumbali ina, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kupanga zotulutsa m'malo molowetsa.
Zotsatira zake ndi 0 ngati kulowetsedwa kwa NOT gate ndi 1; ngati kulowetsako kuli 0, zotsatira zake ndi 1.
Chifukwa cha ntchito yake, imadziwikanso kuti inverter. Chipata cha NOT nthawi zina chimadziwika kuti Chipata cha Unary chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwazinthu zonse.
mawu
Y=A'
Chithunzithunzi Choyimira
Choonadi Table
Zolowetsa (A) | Zotulutsa (OSATI A) |
0 | 1 |
1 | 0 |
4. KAPENA Chipata
Amapangidwa ndi onse OR osati zipata. Chipata cha NOR ndichosiyana ndi chipata cha OR malinga ndi momwe chimagwirira ntchito.
Nthawi iliyonse, chipata cha NOR chikhoza kukhala ndi zolowetsa ziwiri kapena zambiri koma kutulutsa kumodzi kokha. Pamene zolowetsa zonse zili zero, chipata cha NOR chimabwerera 1; Komabe, ngati zolowetsazo zili chimodzi (1), zotulukapo ndi ziro (0).
mawu
Y=(A+B)'
Chithunzithunzi Choyimira
Choonadi Table
A | B | linanena bungwe |
0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 0 |
5. Chipata cha NAND
Ndi kuphatikiza kwa chipata NDI chipata ndi OSATI chipata chomwe chimatha kuvomereza zolowetsa ziwiri kapena zingapo nthawi imodzi koma kungotulutsa chimodzi.
Njira ya chipata cha NAND ndiyosiyana ndi ya NDI chipata. Pomwe zina mwazolowera pachipata cha NAND ndi 0, kutulutsa 1 kumapezedwa; Apo ayi, zotsatira zake nthawi zonse zimakhala 0.
mawu
Y=(AB)'
Chithunzithunzi Choyimira
Choonadi Table
A | B | linanena bungwe |
0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 |
6. Chipata cha XOR
The Exclusive-OR, yomwe nthawi zambiri imadziwika kuti 'Ex-OR' gate, ndi chipata cha digito chomwe chimatenga zolowera zoposa ziwiri koma chimangotulutsa mtengo umodzi.
Kutulutsa kwa XOR Gate ndi '1' ngati zolowetsazo zili '1.' Zotsatira zake ndi '0' ngati zolowetsa zonse zili '1.' Zotsatira zake ndi '0' ngati zolowetsa zonse zili '0.'
mawu
Y=A'.B+A.B'
Chithunzithunzi Choyimira
Choonadi Table
A | B | linanena bungwe |
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 |
7. Chipata cha XNOR
Chipata cha Exclusive-NOR, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimadziwika kuti 'EX-NOR', ndi chipata cha digito chomwe chimatenga zolowera zoposa ziwiri koma chimangotulutsa chimodzi.
Ngati zolowetsa zonsezo ndi '1,' zotuluka za XNOR Gate ndi '1.' Zotsatira zake ndi '0' pamene zolowetsa zonsezo ndi '0.' Chotsatira chidzakhala '0' ngati chimodzi mwazolowetsa ndi '0.'
mawu
Y=A.B+A'B'
Chithunzithunzi Choyimira
Choonadi Table
A | B | linanena bungwe |
0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 0 |
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Logic Gate
- Zipata zomveka zimatha kuphatikizidwa m'njira zingapo, ndipo zida zaposachedwa, ma satelayiti, ngakhale maloboti amafunikira miliyoni imodzi mwa kuphatikiza kumeneku.
- Zipata za logic zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Ma chips (ICs) ali ndi zigawozi, zomwe zimapezeka m'makompyuta, mafoni, laputopu, ndi zida zina zamagetsi.
- Kusamutsa deta, kuwerengera, ndi kukonza deta zonse zimapindula ndi zipata zomveka. Zipata zomveka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu transistor-transistor logic ndi CMOS electronics.
- Ma alarm akuba, ma buzzers, masiwichi, ndi magetsi apamsewu onse amagwiritsa ntchito zipata zomveka bwino. Zipatazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa amatha kusankha kuyamba kapena kusiya kutengera malingaliro.
ubwino
- Ndi zotsika mtengo. Zotsatira zake, zimakhala zotsika mtengo kwambiri.
- Pamafunika magetsi ochepa.
- Logic 0 ndi logic 1 zimasiyanitsidwa bwino.
- Ndiwo maziko a chida chilichonse cha digito.
- Amagwiritsa ntchito Boolean Algebra kuti agwire ntchito zomveka.
kuipa
- Kuzindikira kwa chipata cha logic sikutheka m'dongosolo lapamwamba kwambiri kapena kapangidwe ka dera chifukwa ndizovuta kuziyika ndikuzilumikiza moyenera.
- Low opareshoni voltage ndi chinthu chabwino kukhala nacho.
- Zolowetsa ndi zotuluka zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuchedwa kwa nthawi.
Kutsiliza
Kuthamanga kwa magetsi kumayendetsedwa ndi chipata cha logic.
Muyenera kupereka zolowetsamo, ndipo ngati kusamutsa kwayatsidwa, zamakono zitha kudutsamo.
Zosankha zamayendedwe omwe mukugwiritsa ntchito ngati chosinthira nthawi zambiri zimafotokozedwa ndi logic gate.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zipata zomveka kuti mukwaniritse ntchito zamabizinesi monga kuwonjezera, kuchulukitsa, ndi kugawa.
Siyani Mumakonda