Lingaliro limodzi lakopa malingaliro a owonera ndi ofufuza chimodzimodzi mu gawo lomwe likukula mwachangu la mgwirizano waukadaulo wa anthu: chingwe cha neural.
Mawonekedwe apakompyuta omwe ali ndi ubongo (BCI) amatha kusintha machitidwe athu ndi matekinoloje anzeru, ndikukankhira malire a kuthekera kwaumunthu kumtunda wosayerekezeka.
Tidzayamba ulendo wopita kudziko losinthika la neural lace lomwe lidzatha mu gawo lotsatira lachisinthiko: Neuralink.
Lowani nafe pamene tikufufuza momwe Neuralink imamangira pa Neural Lace maziko ndikupititsa patsogolo mgwirizano waukadaulo wa anthu kukhala nthawi yatsopano yotheka.
Chiyambi Chaching'ono
Neural lace, mawonekedwe osintha ubongo-kompyuta (BCI), ndi sitepe yaikulu mu mgwirizano wa makina a anthu.
Kumaphatikizapo kuyika maelekitirodi owonda kwambiri muubongo, kupanga kulumikizana kopanda msoko ndi dongosolo laubongo.
Mawonekedwe awa amalola kulumikizana kwa njira ziwiri pakati pa ubongo ndi zida zakunja.
Lace ya Neural ndiyotheka kutsegulira njira kuti athe kuzindikira bwino, kulumikizana bwino, komanso njira zatsopano zochiritsira matenda amisala.
Akatswiri amaphunziro, ofufuza, ndi ofufuza zam'tsogolo adakopeka ndi lingaliro la neural lace chifukwa limalepheretsa kusiyanitsa pakati pa luntha lachilengedwe ndi kuzindikira kochita kupanga, kukonza njira yopita patsogolo m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
Kuchokera ku Neuralace kupita ku Neuralink: Kusuntha Ubongo-Makina Ogwirizana Patsogolo
Kusintha kuchokera ku Neuralace kupita ku Neuralink ndi sitepe yofunikira kwambiri pamagulu a ubongo-makompyuta (BCIs).
Neuralink, motsogozedwa ndi wochita bizinesi Elon Musk, akufuna kubwezeretsa mgwirizano waukadaulo wa anthu pomanga pamalingaliro aluso a neural lace.
Ma BCI otsogola opangidwa ndi Neuralink amafuna kuphatikiza mosagwirizana ubongo waumunthu ndi makompyuta anzeru, kupangitsa kulankhulana kwapawiri ndikutsegula malingaliro atsopano mu kuthekera kwaumunthu.
Ndi zolinga zazikulu za Neuralink komanso mabizinesi akuluakulu, lingaliro lophatikiza nzeru za anthu ndi zopangapanga limatenga gawo lalikulu, kulonjeza kupita patsogolo kosintha masewera komwe kungasinthe kuyanjana kwathu ndiukadaulo ndikukulitsa kuzindikira kwa anthu.
Kuyambitsa Masomphenya ndi Gulu Loyamba
Elon Musk ndi gulu la asayansi asanu ndi awiri ndi mainjiniya odziwa za neuroscience, biochemistry, ndi robotics adakhazikitsa Neuralink mu 2016.
Cholinga choyambirira cha kampaniyi chinali kupanga zida zochizira matenda oopsa a muubongo, ndi cholinga chanthawi yayitali chakusintha kwamunthu.
Musk anaganiza zokhala ndi digito pamwamba pa kotekisi, kupanga ubale wa symbiotic ndi luntha lochita kupanga, lolimbikitsidwa ndi lingaliro lopeka la sayansi la "neural lace" kuchokera ku Iain M. Banks 'The Culture series.
Cholinga chake chinali kuthana ndi kuvulala kwaubongo ndi msana, ndi mwayi wopezanso maluso otayika kudzera mu implants za neural.
Zopititsa patsogolo ndi Ziwonetsero
Neuralink idakopa chidwi mu Epulo 2021 powonetsa nyani akusewera masewerawa "Pong" pogwiritsa ntchito makina ake opangira makompyuta.
Ngakhale ukadaulo womwewo unalipo kale, implant ya Neuralink idawoneka bwino chifukwa cha magwiridwe ake opanda zingwe komanso kuchuluka kwa ma electrode, kuwonetsa kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo.
Kampaniyo inkafuna kuwonetsa momwe mawonekedwe a ubongo-makompyuta angathandizire kulumikizana mwachindunji pakati pa ubongo ndi zida zakunja.
Komabe, pofika Januware 2022, utsogoleri wa kampaniyo ndi gulu loyambirira zidasintha, ndi oyambitsa awiri okha omwe adapulumuka.
Zoyambira Zobisika Kwambiri
Gizmodo adanena mu 2018 kuti Neuralink imakhala ndi chinsinsi chambiri kuzungulira ntchito zake.
Ngakhale zenizeni zinali kusowa, zolemba zapagulu zidawonetsa cholinga cha kampaniyo kuti atsegule kuyesa nyama malo ku San Francisco.
Kutsatira izi, Neuralink adayamba ntchito zofufuza ku yunivesite ya California, Davis.
Chophimba chachinsinsi chidachotsedwa mu 2019 pomwe gulu la Neuralink lidawonetsa mawonekedwe awo akukhala ku California Academy of Sciences.
Kutengera kafukufuku wopangidwa ku UCSF ndi UC Berkeley, chipangizo chophwanyira pansichi chinali ndi ma probe owonda kwambiri omwe amabadwira muubongo, loboti yochita opaleshoni yolondola, komanso makina amagetsi ochuluka kwambiri omasulira ma neuron.
Advanced Probe Technology
Ma probe, omwe nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi biocompatible polyimide yokhala ndi golide woonda kapena platinamu, ali pamtima pa. Neuralink's brain-computer interface.
Ma probes amenewa amalowetsedwa muubongo ndi loboti yochita opaleshoni.
Kafufuzidwe kalikonse kali ndi mawaya ambiri okhala ndi maelekitirodi kuti azindikire mphamvu zamagetsi ndi dera lomverera kuti ligwirizane ndi makina apakompyuta, kulola kukulitsa ma sign ndi kupeza.
Ma probe awa amapangidwa mwaluso, okhala ndi mawaya 48 kapena 96 komanso maelekitirodi 32 osiyana.
Mapangidwe amodzi amatha kukhala ndi maelekitirodi a 3072, zomwe zimapangitsa ukadaulo uwu kupita patsogolo kwambiri pakuwunika kwamawu aubongo.
Implant ya N1 ndi Zigawo Zake: Kuyika Tsogolo
Chogulitsa chamtundu wa Neuralink, Implant ya N1, ndi mawonekedwe opangidwa muubongo-kompyuta omwe ndi osadziwika bwino komanso osawoneka ndi maso.
Implant ya N1, yomwe imayikidwa mu chidebe chogwirizana ndi biocompatible, idapangidwa kuti izikhala ndi zovuta zakuthupi, kuwonetsetsa chitetezo ndi moyo wautali m'thupi la munthu.
Kuyika kwake, komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi batire laling'ono, kumalipira opanda zingwe pogwiritsa ntchito chojambulira chothandizira, kulola ogwiritsa ntchito kuyang'anira makompyuta kapena zida zam'manja kuchokera kulikonse.
Mabwalo otsogola, otsika kwambiri komanso ma neural ma siginecha amagetsi asanawatumize opanda zingwe ku Neuralink Application, yomwe imasiyanitsa mayendedwe a data kukhala malamulo otheka kuchitapo kanthu.
Ulusi: Kuchepetsa Zowonongeka ndi Kuchulukitsa Kuchita Bwino
Implant ya N1 yochokera ku Neuralink imalemba zochitika za neuronal kudzera mu ma elekitirodi 1024 ogawidwa pa ulusi 64.
Ulusi wowonda kwambiri, wosinthika kwambiri ndi wofunikira kuti muchepetse kuvulala kwa minofu panthawi yoyikidwa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zikugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali.
Kuyika mosamala kwa maelekitirodi kumalola kuwunikira molondola komanso mozama zaubongo, motero kumawonjezera phindu laukadaulo wa BCI.
Kutsekedwa kwa Biocompatible kwa Implant
Choyikapo chopangidwa ndi biocompatible cha Implant ya N1 chimapangidwa makamaka kuti chipewe zovuta za thupi la munthu, kuwonetsetsa chitetezo chaubongo ndi kompyuta komanso nthawi yamoyo.
Kukhazikika kwa chipolopolocho kumapangitsa kuti implant igwire bwino ntchito m'malo ovuta a muubongo popanda kutulutsa zovuta kapena kuvulala kwa minyewa yozungulira.
Mulingo wa biocompatibility uwu ndi wofunikira kwambiri pakupanga mawonekedwe odalirika komanso opambana muubongo-kompyuta omwe amatha kuphatikizana mosasunthika ndi ubongo wamunthu.
Ulusi Wosinthasintha Kwambiri: Kusintha kwa Neural Dynamics
Kupatula kukhala woonda kwambiri, ulusi wa Neuralink ndi wosinthika kwambiri, kuwalola kuti azitha kusintha ndikuyenda ndi mphamvu zachilengedwe zaubongo.
Kusinthasintha kumeneku ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi moyo kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha kupsinjika kwamakina kapena kuwonongeka kwa minofu yaubongo chifukwa cha ma implants olimba.
Kuthekera kwa ulusi kuti zigwirizane ndi kayendedwe ka ubongo kumatsimikizira kusakanikirana kosalala ndi ma neural circuitry, kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika ndi kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali kwa mawonekedwe a ubongo-kompyuta.
Electrodes ndi Comprehensive Neural Monitoring
Kuchuluka kwa ma elekitirodi mu implant kumapereka chithunzithunzi chatsatanetsatane cha zochitika zaubongo, kulola kuwongolera kolondola komanso kolondola kwa ma neural sign.
Kufalikira kwa ma neural circuits kumawonjezera mwayi wolumikizana ndi makina aubongo, kulola kubwezeretsedwa kwa mphamvu zomwe zidatayika, kuchiza matenda amisala, komanso kukhathamiritsa kwa kuthekera kwamunthu kudzera muukadaulo wamakompyuta waubongo.
Kulipiritsa kwa Battery Opanda zingwe: Kuchulukitsa Chitonthozo cha Ogwiritsa
Batire laling'ono mu Implant ya N1 ndi luso laukadaulo kwambiri, lolola kuti azilipiritsa opanda zingwe kudzera pa charger yolowera.
Ntchito yolipiritsa opanda zingwe iyi sikuti imangopangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso imachotsa kufunikira kwa njira zosinthira mabatire.
Mawonekedwe apakompyuta aubongo ndi njira yabwino komanso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kuti agwiritse ntchito kwanthawi yayitali chifukwa ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kubwezeretsanso implant kuchokera kunja kwa thupi.
The Opaleshoni Robot's Precision
Chifukwa cha kufooka kwa ulusi, kuyika bwino kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito robot yopangira opaleshoni. Roboti ya opaleshoni yochokera ku Neuralink yapangidwa mwamphamvu kuti ibayire ulusi pomwe ikufunika.
Mutu wa robot, womwe uli ndi makina apamwamba kwambiri a kamera ndi optical coherence tomography (OCT), amatsimikizira kuyika bwino komanso kuyika kwa ulusi wapamwamba kwambiri.
Singano pa loboti ndi yopyapyala kuposa tsitsi la munthu ndipo mwaukadaulo imagwira, kuyika, ndi kutulutsa ulusi, kuwonetsetsa kuti imagwira ntchito bwino komanso yotetezeka.
Loboti yopangira opaleshoni yopangidwa ndi Neuralink ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera kuyika kwa kafukufuku wocheperako.
Loboti imalowetsa mwachangu ma probe osinthika muubongo, kutsitsa kuopsa kwa kuwonongeka kwa minofu ndi zovuta za moyo zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ma probes olimba, olimba.
Lobotiyo imamangiriza ku malupu, kubaya ma probe pawokha, ndikulowa mu minyewa ndi minofu yaubongo pogwiritsa ntchito mutu wolowetsa ndi singano yopangidwa ndi tungsten-rhenium.
Kuthekera kwake kwapadera kumalola kuyika mpaka mawaya asanu ndi limodzi, okhala ndi maelekitirodi 192, mphindi iliyonse, kufulumizitsa kwambiri kuyika.
Custom Electronics for Data Processing
Neuralink idapanga mawonekedwe ophatikizika ogwiritsira ntchito (ASIC) kuti athe kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa data kuchokera ku maelekitirodi.
Mkati mwa chip, makina ojambulira mayendedwe 1,536wa ali ndi zokulitsa 256 zodziyimira pawokha zomwe zimadziwika kuti "mapikisi a analogi" ndi otembenuza aanaloji kupita ku digito (ADCs).
Dongosololi limasanja zidziwitso zama digito kudzera pamayendedwe ozungulira, kutembenuza ma neural ma sign kukhala ma code omveka a binary.
Ngakhale kuti pali malire a maelekitirodi amakono, omwe amatha kuwombera kuwombera kwa gulu la neuroni m'malo mwa munthu payekha, gulu la Neuralink limakhalabe ndi chiyembekezo, likufufuza mwakhama njira zina zopititsira patsogolo kulondola ndi kumvetsetsa kwa ntchito za ubongo pogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta.
Kuphatikiza kwa AI: Kuthandizira Chiyankhulo cha Ubongo-Computer
Neuralink ili patsogolo pazatsopano, kuphatikizapo Artificial Intelligence (AI) kuti ipititse patsogolo luso la mawonekedwe ake a ubongo-kompyuta (BCI).
Neuralink Application imadalira zapamwamba makina kuphunzira algorithms kuwerenga ndi kusanthula kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa data ya neural yopezedwa kuchokera ku maelekitirodi oyikidwa.
Ukadaulo wa AI womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito umathandizira kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni ndikuwunika ma siginecha a muubongo, kupereka kumasulira kolondola komanso kofulumira kwa zochitika zaubongo kukhala machitidwe otheka.
Kuphatikiza apo, kukhathamiritsa koyendetsedwa ndi AI kumathandizira kuthana ndi malire a kukula kwa ma elekitirodi komanso zovuta zogwira ntchito za neuron.
Zochitika Zosalala za BCI: Kuika patsogolo Kugwiritsa Ntchito
Cholinga cha Neuralink ndikupereka mawonekedwe osavuta komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito muubongo-kompyuta.
Neuralink imatsimikizira kuti ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kulumikizana mosavuta ndi zida zakunja kudzera pamalingaliro aubongo poyang'ana pakuwongolera mwachangu komanso kodalirika pamakompyuta.
Kugogomezera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kupezeka uku kumayala njira yoti ma BCI avomerezedwe mofala ndikuphatikizidwa m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
Kuganizira Zam'tsogolo
Kufunafuna mosalekeza kupanga ma BCI ndi Neuralink kuli ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kopititsa patsogolo miyoyo.
Akuyembekeza kubweretsa luso laukadaulo laukadaulo lochokera ku labu kupita kunyumba za anthu pothetsa kusiyana kwaukadaulo wa sayansi ya ubongo, zomwe zidzakhudza kwambiri kupita patsogolo kwachipatala komanso mgwirizano wamakina a anthu.
Omwe ali ndi chidwi chotenga nawo gawo pamayesero azachipatala a Neuralink amtsogolo atha kujowina Patient Registry yawo kuti aphunzire zambiri za kuthekera kwa kulumikizana kwamakompyuta muubongo.
Womba mkota
M'tsogolomu umalonjeza mwayi wochititsa chidwi pamene Neuralink ikupitiriza kukankhira malire a teknoloji yaubongo-makompyuta ndi kuphatikizidwa kwa AI.
Kuthekera kwa mawonekedwe opambanawa ndikokulirapo ndi Implant yolumikizidwa kwathunthu ndi biocompatible N1.
Cholinga cha Neuralink chatsala pang'ono kusintha momwe timagwirizanirana ndi ukadaulo, kuyambira pakubwezeretsa kudziyimira pawokha kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zofunikira zachipatala zomwe sizinakwaniritsidwe mpaka kumasula kuthekera kwamunthu kudzera mu symbiosis yopanda makina yamunthu.
Pamene luso laukadaulo laukadaulo likupita patsogolo, mwayi wowongolera magwiridwe antchito aubongo, kuchiza matenda amitsempha, komanso kufikira kuyanjana ndi AI kumawonekera, kubweretsa nyengo yatsopano yachitukuko chamunthu ndi kuthekera kopanda malire.
Siyani Mumakonda