M'ndandanda wazopezekamo[Bisani][Show]
Infrastructure ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakupanga mapulogalamu chifukwa ndi omwe amachititsa kuti pulogalamuyo igwire bwino ntchito. Ma seva, zolemetsa zolemetsa, zozimitsa moto, zosungiramo zinthu zakale, ndi magulu ovuta a ziwiya zonse ndi zitsanzo za zomangamanga.
Chifukwa zovuta zamagwiritsidwe ntchito zimafalikira panjira yonse yachitukuko, ndizofunika kuposa momwe zimapangidwira.
Zimaphatikizapo nsanja za CI/CD, malo ochitira masewera, ndi zida zoyesera, mwa zina.
Pamene zovuta za mapulogalamu a pulogalamuyo zikuwonjezeka, zovuta zowonongekazi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Njira yachikhalidwe yoyendetsera ntchito pamanja imakhala yankho losasinthika kuti lifanane ndi zokhumba zamasiku ano a DevOps popanga mapulogalamu ofulumira.
Zotsatira zake, Infrastructure as Code (IaC) yakhala yankho lachitukuko lero. Infrastructure as code (IaC) imakuthandizani kuti muzitha kuyang'anira ndikuyang'anira kusintha kwazomwe zikuchitika.
Tiyang'anitsitsa Infrastructure monga Code mu chidutswachi, kuphatikizapo ubwino wake, chifukwa chake ndi chofunikira, ndi zina. Choncho, tiyeni tiyambe.
Kodi Infrastructure ngati Code?
Infrastructure as Code ndi njira yoperekera ndi kukonza chilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito code m'malo mokonzekera pamanja zipangizo zoyenera ndi machitidwe. Madivelopa amayendetsa zolembedwa pambuyo pofotokoza magawo a code, ndipo nsanja ya IaC imangopanga zida zamtambo.
Masinthidwe amtundu wa IT ngati awa amalola magulu kupanga mwachangu mawonekedwe ofunikira amtambo kuti ayese ndikuyendetsa malonda awo. Infrastructure as Code imathandizira opanga kupanga chilichonse chomwe angafune, monga ma network, katundu balancers, nkhokwe, makina enieni, ndi mitundu yolumikizira.
M'mawu a layman, ndi njira yoperekera ndikuwongolera zomangamanga zomwe zafotokozedwa pogwiritsa ntchito code osati pamanja. IaC ndiyonso njira yofunikira ya DevOps yomwe imafunikira kuti pakhale moyo woperekera mapulogalamu othamanga.
Imalola magulu a DevOps kupanga mwachangu ndikusintha zomangamanga monga momwe ma source code amasinthidwira, komanso kutsata mitunduyi kuti achepetse kusagwirizana pakati pa madera a IT, zomwe zingayambitse mavuto akulu pakutumiza.
Njira zofotokozera motsutsana ndi zofunikira za IaC
IaC ikhoza kuyandidwa m'njira ziwiri: kulengeza kapena kofunika.
Chida cha IaC chidzakukhazikitsirani dongosolo ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito njira yowonetsera, yomwe imalongosola momwe dongosololi likufunira, kuphatikizapo zomwe mukufuna komanso makhalidwe omwe ayenera kukhala nawo.
Njira yofotokozera imasunganso momwe zinthu zilili pakalipano, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuwongolera nthawi yopumira. Njira yofunikira, kumbali ina, imalongosola malangizo omwe akuyenera kutsatiridwa moyenerera kuti apange kasinthidwe komwe akuyenera.
Matekinoloje ambiri a IaC amagwiritsa ntchito njira yofotokozera popereka zomangamanga ndipo azichita zokha. Chida chofotokozera cha IaC chidzagwiritsa ntchito zosintha zomwe mukufuna ngati mutazipanga. Muyenera kudziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zosinthazo ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito chida chofunikira. Zida za IaC nthawi zambiri zimatha kugwira ntchito m'njira zonse ziwiri, ngakhale zimakonda zina.
Kodi Infrastructure ngati code imagwira ntchito bwanji?
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito zida zonse monga ma code, zofunika zingapo ziyenera kuchitika.
Pulatifomu yochitira mtambo ngati ntchito (IaaS)
Chofunikira choyamba komanso chofunikira kwambiri ndikufikira kutali. Chida choyang'anira masinthidwe chikuyenera kulumikizana ndi chowongolera chakutali ndikusintha pamenepo. Gulu lanu liyenera kutsimikizira kuti chida choyang'anira masinthidwe chili ndi mwayi ngati zida zakutali zikuyendetsedwa.
APIs pa IaaS-inabled cloud hosting platform amathandiza makasitomala kumanga, kuchotsa, ndi kusintha zipangizo zamakono pakufunika. Machitidwe oyang'anira masinthidwe atha kugwiritsa ntchito ma APIwa kuti azitha kuchita izi mopitilira apo. Digital Ocean, Amazon AWS, ndi Microsoft Azure ndi machitidwe atatu akuluakulu a IaaS.
A nsanja kasamalidwe kasinthidwe
Zida zomwe zimalumikizana ndi ma IaaS APIs ndikusintha magwiridwe antchito anthawi zonse ndiye chofunikira chotsatira kuti mumalize IaC. Gulu la anthu litha kugwira ntchito limodzi kuti lipange zolembera ndi zida. Komabe, zimafunikira khama lalikulu, kusamalitsa kosalekeza, komanso kubweza pang'ono pazachuma. Terraform, Ansible, Salt Stack, ndi Chef ndi ochepa chabe mwa zida zowongolera zotsegula zomwe zimatha kuthana ndi vutoli.
Njira Yowongolera Mtundu
Pulatifomu yoyang'anira masinthidwe imagwiritsa ntchito mafayilo olembedwa m'zilankhulo monga YAML kuti apereke ntchito ndi katsatidwe ka nsanja kuti igwire. Mafayilo awa amatha kuwonedwa ngati ma code ogwiritsira ntchito ndikusungidwa munkhokwe yowongolera mtundu. Zopempha zokoka ndi ndemanga zama code zimaloledwa munkhokwe, zomwe zimakhala ngati mfundo imodzi yowona. Mtundu wowongolera mtundu wa Git ndiwodziwika kwambiri.
Ndi zofunika izi, lingalirani zotsatirazi: wopanga akufuna kuwonjezera ntchito yatsopano pamakina. Chitsanzochi chikuwonetsa ndondomeko ya IaC.
- Papulatifomu yawo yoyang'anira masinthidwe, Terraform, wopanga mapulogalamu amasintha fayilo ya YAML yosinthira. Zosinthazi zimanena kuti seva yatsopano ikufunika.
- M'malo osungira a Git, wopanga mapulogalamu amasintha ku nthambi. Wopanga mapulogalamu amapanga pempho kukoka popeza malo a Git a polojekitiyi amakhala pa Bitbucket. Wina m'gululi amayang'ana pempho la kukoka ndikuwona kusintha kwatsopano kwa zomangamanga. Pempho kukoka limavomerezedwa ndi membala wa gulu, ndipo wopanga amaphatikiza kusinthaku munthambi yayikulu yankhokwe.
- Pulatifomu yosinthira ndiyofunikira pa sitepe iyi kuti mupange zosintha. Wopanga mapulogalamu amatha kuyambitsa zosintha pamanja. Chifukwa gulu limagwiritsa ntchito Bitbucket, ali ndi mwayi wopita ku Mapaipi a Bitbucket ndipo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito imodzi kuti izi zitheke.
- Terraform imalumikizana ndi IaaS ya gululo pambuyo pa kuphedwa. Terraform imagwiritsa ntchito IaaS API kuyendetsa malamulo angapo omwe amasintha IaaS ku kasinthidwe kachitukuko komwe kakuyembekezeka.
Ubwino wa IaC
IaC imathandizira mabungwe kuyang'anira zofunikira zawo za IT m'njira zosiyanasiyana kudzera munjira zodzipangira okha. Zina mwazabwino zoyika IaC ndi izi:
- Kusasinthika: IaC imatha kukulitsa kusasinthika ndikuchepetsa zolakwika zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi pamakonzedwe amanja. Zimalepheretsanso kusuntha kwa kasinthidwe komwe kungachitike mukamagwiritsa ntchito pamanja. IaC imakulolani kuti mupewe kusinthidwa kosalembedwa, ad-hoc polemba ndi kulemba miyeso yanu yosinthira.
- Kuchita bwino: Kukhazikitsa dongosolo lanu kumapanga template yoperekera, kupangitsa masinthidwe, kukonza, ndi kasamalidwe kukhala kosavuta. Imamanga maziko osinthika, obwerezabwereza, komanso owopsa. Zotsatira zake, DevOps imatha kufulumizitsa gawo lililonse la chitukuko cha mapulogalamu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapulogalamu ambiri azisindikizidwa tsiku ndi tsiku.
- Kuchepetsa mtengo: IaC imathandizira makina owoneka bwino kuti aziyendetsedwa mwadongosolo, kuchotsa kufunikira kwa kasinthidwe ka Hardware ndi kukweza. Pogwiritsa ntchito nambala yomweyi, wogwiritsa ntchito m'modzi amatha kukhazikitsa ndikuwongolera makina amodzi kapena mayunitsi 1000. Zotsatira zake, antchito ochepera amafunikira ndipo zida zatsopano sizikufunikanso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri.
- Kuthamanga: IaC imachepetsa nthawi yomwe imatengera opanga kuti apereke zida zawo posintha kukhala script yosavuta. Zotsatira zake, kutumizidwa kwa mapulogalamu sikuchedwanso chifukwa cha zomangamanga, ndipo mapulogalamu atsopano amatha kuperekedwa mofulumira kwambiri.
- Chepetsani Chiwopsezo: Monga IaC ikulimbikitsa kuwongolera kwazomwe, mafayilo anu osinthira, monga fayilo ina iliyonse yamapulogalamu apakompyuta, akhoza kufufuzidwa. Zotsatira zake, chiopsezocho chimachepetsedwa.
Kodi IaC imathetsa vuto lanji?
Infrastructure monga Code idapangidwa kuti ithetse vuto la kutulutsidwa kwa chilengedwe cha mapaipi. Popanda IaC, magulu ali ndi udindo wosamalira makonda a malo aliwonse omwe amatumizidwa. Chilengedwe chilichonse chimasanduka chipale chofewa, chopangidwa mwamtundu umodzi chomwe sichingabwerezedwe zokha.
Panthawi yotumizidwa, kusagwirizana pakati pa malo kumayambitsa mavuto. Ma snowflakes amafunikira ntchito zamanja zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuziwongolera ndikuthandizira zolakwika pakuwongolera ndi kukonza zomangamanga.
Zomangamanga monga Code zimatsatira lingaliro la umbuli.
Kupanda mphamvu kumatanthawuza kuti lamulo lotumiza nthawi zonse limakonza malo omwe akufunira mofanana, mosasamala kanthu za chiyambi cha chilengedwe. Kupanda mphamvu kumatheka mwa kungodziyika nokha chandamale chomwe chilipo kapena kusiya zomwe zilipo ndikuyambanso.
Chotsatira chake, pogwiritsa ntchito IaC, magulu amasintha malongosoledwe a chilengedwe ndi mtundu wa chitsanzo chokonzekera, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimalembedwa m'mawonekedwe olembedwa bwino monga JSON. Chitsanzocho chimayendetsedwa paipi yotulutsa kuti ikhazikitse malo omwe mukufuna. Gulu limasintha gwero, osati chandamale, ngati akufunika kusintha.
Kodi IaC imakhala bwanji mu DevOps?
Kukhazikitsa ma DevOps ndi njira zophatikizira / zoperekera mosalekeza (CI/CD) zimafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito IaC. Imamasula omwe akupanga maudindo ambiri operekera, kuwalola kuti azingoyendetsa zolemba kuti akhazikitse zida zawo.
Zotsatira zake, kutumizidwa kwa mapulogalamu sikuyimitsidwa pomwe zomangamanga zimamangidwa, ndipo ma sysadmins samalemedwa ndi ntchito zamanja zowononga nthawi. Kuchokera pakuphatikizana ndikuyesa kudzera pakubweretsa ndi kutumiza, CI/CD imadalira makina okhazikika komanso kuwunika mosalekeza munthawi yonse ya ntchito. Malo okhazikika amafunikira kuti makina azigwira ntchito.
Gulu lachitukuko likapereka mapulogalamu kapena kukonza malo m'njira imodzi ndipo gulu la opareshoni limakhazikitsa ndikukonza chilengedwe mwanjira ina, kutumizirana ma pulogalamu sikutheka.
Njira ya DevOps imagwirizanitsa magulu otukuka ndi ogwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zolakwika zochepa, kutumizidwa pamanja, ndi kusagwirizana. Chifukwa magulu onse otukuka ndi ogwirira ntchito amatha kugwiritsa ntchito kufotokozera komweku kwa kutumizidwa kwa mapulogalamu, IaC imakuthandizani kuti mulunzanitse chitukuko ndi magwiridwe antchito, ndikupangitsa njira ya DevOps.
Malo aliwonse, kuphatikiza malo anu opangira, akuyenera kutsatira njira yotumizira yomweyi. Nthawi iliyonse IaC ikagwiritsidwa ntchito, malo ofanana amapangidwa.
Kutsiliza
DevOps imadalira kwambiri zomangamanga monga ma code. Infrastructure as Code ndiye gawo lotsatira lachilengedwe popanga ntchito zanu kukhala zokonzekera mtsogolo m'dziko lomwe ukadaulo wosokoneza ukusintha gawo la IT.
Kumakuthandizani kuzindikira kuthekera konse kwa mtambo kompyuta, amachepetsa zolakwika zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kasamalidwe ka zomangamanga za IT, ndikuwongolera liwiro lomwe mapulogalamu amapangidwira. Zonsezi zimatheka ndikuchepetsa ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito.
Siyani Mumakonda