M'ndandanda wazopezekamo[Bisani][Show]
- 1. Mukutanthauza chiyani ndi DevOps?
- 2. Lembani mfundo zina za DevOps?
- 3. Lembani zida zodziwika bwino za DevOps?
- 4. Kodi zomangamanga monga code ndi chiyani?
- 5. Fotokozani za moyo wa DevOps?
- 6. Kodi kasinthidwe kasamalidwe ndi chiyani?
- 7. Kodi ubwino waukulu wa DevOps ndi chiyani?
- 8. Kodi ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito Version Control System ndi chiyani?
- 9. Kodi git stash ndi chiyani?
- 10. Kodi CI/CD ndi chiyani?
- 11. Kodi payipi ya CI/CD ndi chiyani?
- 12. Kodi Continuous Testing ndi chiyani?
- 13. Kodi DevOps ndi yosiyana bwanji ndi Agile?
- 14. Kodi mungatchule zizindikiro zochepa zogwirira ntchito (KPIs) zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kupambana kwa DevOps?
- 15 Tchulani nsanja zingapo zamtambo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa DevOps?
- 16. Kodi AWS ikugwirizana bwanji ndi DevOps?
- 17. Mu AWS DevOps, kodi CodePipeline ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 18. Kodi CodeBuild mu AWS DevOps ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 19. Kodi kwenikweni AWS Lambda ndi chiyani mu nkhani ya AWS DevOps?
- 20. Ndi mapulogalamu ati omwe amagwirizana ndi AWS CodeBuild?
- 21. Mu AWS DevOps, microservices ndi chiyani?
- 22. Kodi Amazon QuickSight imagwira ntchito yotani mu AWS DevOps?
- 23. Mu AWS DevOps, zotengera za Kubernetes zimalumikizana bwanji?
- 24. Kodi mtambo wosakanizidwa mu AWS DevOps ndi chiyani?
- 25. Kodi Ansible ndi chiyani?
- 26. Kodi cholinga cha selenium n’chiyani?
- 27. Kodi Selenium Grid ndi chiyani ndipo imachita chiyani?
- 28. Kodi Selenium IDE ndi chiyani?
- 29. Mu DevOps, mukutanthauza chiyani ndi Chidole?
- 30. Kuti Chidole chikhale champhamvu kwambiri, ndi zida ziti zotseguka zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito?
- 31. Fotokozani kamangidwe ka akapolo a Jenkins?
- 32. Kodi Jenkins angasunthidwe bwanji kapena kukopera kuchokera ku seva imodzi kupita ku ina?
- 33. Tchulani mapulagini ochepa a Jenkins omwe ali opindulitsa?
- 34. Nagios ndi chiyani?
- 35. Kodi Nagios amagwira ntchito bwanji?
- 36. Kodi Nagios Log Server ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 37. Kodi State Stalking ku Nagios ndi chiyani?
- 38. Zotengera ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 39. Kodi chithunzi cha Docker ndi chiyani?
- 40. Kodi chidebe cha Docker ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 41. Kodi cholinga cha Dockerfile ndi chiyani?
- 42. Kodi kwenikweni 'Pair Programming' ndi chiyani?
- 43. Kodi Chef ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 44. Kodi kwenikweni Blue/Green Deployment Pattern ndi chiyani?
- 45. Kodi Memcached ndi chiyani?
- 46. Kodi zinthu za Memcached ndi zotani?
- 47. Tchulani zida zingapo zothandiza zowunikira maukonde?
- 48. Kodi zina mwazolepheretsa kukhazikitsa mapaipi a DevOps ndi ziti?
- 49. Kodi cholinga cha Secure Shell ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 50. CBD ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- Kutsiliza
Development & Operations ndi zomwe DevOps imayimira.
Ndi mtundu watsopano wamapulogalamu omwe asintha momwe mapulogalamu amapangidwira ndikufalitsidwa. Njira ya DevOps imayika patsogolo kukweza pafupipafupi, kowonjezereka kuposa ma seti akulu omwe sachitika kawirikawiri.
DevOps imathandizira magwiridwe antchito a IT.
Pamaso pa DevOps, ogwira ntchito ku IT amayenera kuthana ndi zovuta zingapo.
Zotsatira zake, dipatimenti ya IT idayang'aniridwa mosavomerezeka. Zonsezi zinasintha ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa DevOps, yomwe imalola kuti machitidwe a IT afotokoze nkhawa zawo ndi bizinesi yonse, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti kuwonekera bwino ndi mgwirizano pakati pa ntchito za IT ndi madipatimenti ena.
Ngati mwayamba kukonzekera ntchito zachitukuko ndi ntchito mu bizinesi ya IT, mukudziwa kale kuti ndi ntchito yovuta kulowamo.
Kodi mukuganiza za ntchito mu DevOps?
Ngati ndi choncho, mwafika pamalo oyenera.
Nawa ena mwa mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi a DevOps ndi mayankho kuti akuthandizeni pokonzekera ntchito za DevOps pamsika.
1. Mukutanthauza chiyani ndi DevOps?
Development and Operations (DevOps) ndi mawu awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Ndi njira yopangira mapulogalamu omwe amayang'ana kwambiri kubweretsa magulu otukuka ndi ogwira ntchito limodzi kuti agwiritse ntchito ntchitoyi pamlingo uliwonse.
Njirayi imapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupanga kasamalidwe ka ntchito za projekiti kuti zolinga zogwirira ntchito zikwaniritsidwe komanso kuchuluka kwaukadaulo komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu kumveke bwino.
Njirayi idakhazikitsidwa ndi njira yachikale ndipo imagogomezera kulumikizana kwamagulu, kasamalidwe kazinthu, ndi mgwirizano.
2. Lembani mfundo zina za DevOps?
DevOps idakhazikitsidwa pa mfundo zotsatirazi:
- Kutumiza mosalekeza
- Pulogalamu
- Kuwunika
- Security
- Infrastructure ngati code
3. Lembani zida zodziwika bwino za DevOps?
Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi DevOps ndi:
- Giti
- Amatha
- Docker
- Selenium
- Chidole
- mutu
- Jenkins
4. Kodi zomangamanga monga code ndi chiyani?
Infrastructure as code, kapena IaC, ndi njira ya IT yochokera ku mapulogalamu yomwe imagwirizanitsa ndikusunga maziko a IT. M'malo mokonzekera pamanja zida za hardware ndi machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito, zomangamanga monga code zimalola omanga ndi magulu ogwirira ntchito kuti aziyendetsa okha, kuyang'anira, ndi kupereka zothandizira.
5. Fotokozani za moyo wa DevOps?
DevOps imagawidwa m'magawo asanu ndi limodzi. Magawo ake amatsatira mkombero wakutiwakuti.
Komabe, palibe gawo lomwe limagawika ndi malire, ndipo palibe gawo lomwe limayamba ngakhale yoyambayo itatha. Tiyeni tiwone mwatsatanetsatane gawo la kuzungulira kwa DevOps tsopano.
- Kupanga - The gawo loyamba la moyo wa DevOps limaphatikizapo kukonzekera ndi kupanga mapulogalamu. Gawoli likufuna kumvetsetsa bwino za polojekitiyi kuti akwaniritse cholinga chomaliza cha mamembala ake. Izi zimapatsanso magawo osiyanasiyana a chitukuko ndi ntchito. Ndikofunikiranso kuti mabungwe aziphunzitsidwa za zida ndi ma metrics kuti athe kukhala ndi chithunzithunzi cha kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti.
- Chitukuko - Panthawi gawo ili, pulojekitiyi imamangidwa popanga zomangamanga, kupanga ma code, kukhazikitsa mayeso, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira yodzichitira. Umboni ndi wofunikira kwambiri panthawiyi. Pofuna kuyang'anira mapulogalamu ndi zochitika za deta, omanga amasunga ma code mu code manager, yomwe imalola kuti muwone, kusintha, ndi zina zambiri.
- Kuphatikiza Kopitilira - Izi sitepe imapanga makina otsimikizira ndi kuyesa. Izi zili ndi mawonekedwe apadera omwe amatsimikizira kuti malo otukuka amakonzedwa bwino asanatulutsidwe muutumiki womwe umaphatikiza ndi mapulogalamu ena.
- Kutumiza Kwawokha - DevOps imalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zida ndi zolemba kuti zizitha kutumizidwa, ndi cholinga chachikulu chosinthira ntchito yonseyo ndikuyambitsanso mawonekedwe. Kuwonekera kwa mtambo, monga code yomwe imakakamiza kuchoka ku kasamalidwe kokhazikika kwa zomangamanga kupita ku kasamalidwe ka nthawi zonse, ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri panthawiyi.
- Kuchita - Zonse Ntchito za DevOps zimachitika mosalekeza pa nthawi yonse ya mapulogalamu chifukwa cha kusinthika kwa zomangamanga. Kusintha, kupezeka, ndi scalability zonse ndizotheka ndi nsanja.
- Kuwunika - Izi ndi gawo lopitilira munjira ya DevOps. DevOps imayang'anira ndikusanthula zomwe zikuwonetsa momwe pulogalamuyo ilili.
6. Kodi kasinthidwe kasamalidwe ndi chiyani?
Configuration management (CM) ndi njira yothanirana ndi zosintha mwadongosolo kotero kuti kukhulupirika kwa dongosolo kumasungidwa nthawi yonseyi.
Izi zikuphatikiza malamulo, njira, njira, ndi zida zowunikira, kuyang'anira, ndi kuyang'anira malingaliro akusintha, komanso kusunga zolemba zofunika. CM imathandizira pakupanga ndi kukulitsa pulogalamuyi popereka chitsogozo choyang'anira ndiukadaulo.
7. Kodi ubwino waukulu wa DevOps ndi chiyani?
Zotsatirazi ndizo zabwino zazikulu za DevOps:
Ubwino pankhani yaukadaulo
- Mavuto omwe sali ovuta kuwathetsa
- Kupereka mapulogalamu mosalekeza
- Zolakwika zimazindikirika kale ndikuwongolera mwachangu.
Ubwino kwa kampani
- Malo ogwirira ntchito omwe ali okhazikika
- Zinthu zimaperekedwa mwachangu kwambiri.
- Mgwirizano ndi kulumikizana pakati pa magulu kwayenda bwino.
8. Kodi ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito Version Control System ndi chiyani?
- VCS imakonza bwino mitundu yonse yam'mbuyomu ndi zosintha.
- Ogwira ntchito onse amatha kuwona fayilo nthawi iliyonse pogwiritsa ntchito fayilo ya Mtundu Wosintha System (VCS). Imalolezanso zosintha zonse zopangidwa mumtundu wamba kuti ziphatikizidwe pamodzi.
- Amapangidwa kuti athandize anthu ambiri powalola kuti agwirizane pamafayilo, ndikupangitsa kugawana pakati pa makina angapo kukhala kosavuta.
- Ndikofunikira pamapepala omwe amafunikira kukonzanso ndikusintha zambiri, chifukwa amapanga njira yamapepala yokonzanso ndikukonzanso zomaliza.
- Zimalola mamembala onse kuti aziwona mbiri yonse ya projekiti, kutilola kugwiritsa ntchito zosungira za gulu lililonse pakagwa seva yapakati.
9. Kodi git stash ndi chiyani?
Lamulo la git stash limasunga zosintha mu bukhu logwira ntchito kwakanthawi. Izi zimapereka malo abwino ogwirira ntchito kwa opanga. Atha kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya git kuphatikiza zosinthazo. Zosintha m'mafayilo omwe amatsatiridwa zimaphatikizidwa mu bukhu logwira ntchito pamene lamuloli lachitika. Mu git directory, lamulo la git stash lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kangapo. Ndi malo osungirako git.
10. Kodi CI/CD ndi chiyani?
Kugwirizana Mogwirizana (CI) ndi njira yachitukuko yomwe opanga ayenera kuphatikizira khodi kukhala chosungira wamba kangapo tsiku lililonse. Kupanga kodziwikiratu kumatsimikizira kulowa kulikonse, zomwe zimalola magulu kuti azindikire zovuta msanga.
Kutumiza mosalekeza ndi njira yopangira mapulogalamu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makina opangira kuti apereke magwiridwe antchito. Imathandizira oyesa kudziwa ngati zosintha za codebase zili zoyenera komanso zokhazikika.
11. Kodi payipi ya CI/CD ndi chiyani?
Njira yobweretsera mapulogalamuwa imapangidwa ndi payipi ya CI/CD. Imapanga ma code, imayesa, ndikukuthandizani kuti muyike bwino pulogalamu yatsopano. Mapaipi a CI/CD amachotsa zolakwa za anthu, amapereka mayankho kwa omanga, ndipo amathandizira kubwereza kwazinthu mwachangu. Mapaipi a CI/CD amadzipangira okha ndikuyang'anira kakulidwe kazinthu zamapulogalamu. Zimakhudza ndondomeko yonse, kuyambira pakuphatikizana ndi kuyesa kupyolera mu kutumiza ndi kutumiza. Mapaipi a CI/CD amatanthauza ntchito zolumikizana izi.
12. Kodi Continuous Testing ndi chiyani?
Kuyesa Kopitiriza ndi njira yoyesera zodziwikiratu monga gawo la pulogalamu yoperekera mapulogalamu kuti apereke ndemanga zenizeni pazangozi zamabizinesi zomwe zatulutsidwa posachedwa. Nyumba iliyonse imayesedwa mosalekeza motere kuti apewe zovuta pakusintha kwanthawi zonse pakupanga mapulogalamu apulogalamu komanso kulola magulu a Chitukuko kuti alandire mayankho mwachangu. Izi zimadzetsa phindu lalikulu pakupanga kwa wopanga chifukwa mayeso onse safunikiranso kuyambiranso pambuyo pakusintha kulikonse ndikumanganso ntchito.
13. Kodi DevOps ndi yosiyana bwanji ndi Agile?
DevOps ndi njira kapena chikhalidwe chomwe chimalola magulu otukuka ndi ogwira ntchito kuti azigwira ntchito limodzi kuti apange zinthu zopambana. Kukula kosalekeza, kuphatikiza, kuyesa, kutumiza, ndikuwunika kuzungulira kwa SDLC ndi zina mwa njira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukwaniritsa izi. Pakukhazikitsa bwino kwazinthu, DevOps ikufuna kutsekereza kusiyana pakati pa opanga ndi ntchito.
Agile ndi njira yopangira mapulogalamu yomwe imagogomezera kuwonjezereka, kubwereza, komanso kutulutsa kwachangu kwa mapulogalamu pomwe ikuphatikiza zoyika zamakasitomala. Njira iyi imalepheretsa chidziwitso cha makasitomala ndi opanga zinthu zofunika.
14. Kodi mungatchule zizindikiro zochepa zogwirira ntchito (KPIs) zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kupambana kwa DevOps?
Key Performance Indicators, kapena KPIs, ndi mtundu wa metric womwe umayesa momwe china chake chikuyenda bwino. Zotsatirazi ndi zina mwa ma KPI omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kuyeza kupambana kwa DevOps:
- Makasitomala matikiti
- Kutumiza bwino pafupipafupi komanso nthawi
- Zolakwika/Zolephera
- Kutumizidwa kwalephera
- Kugwiritsa ntchito, magwiridwe antchito, ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto
- Mayeso Odzipangira Mayeso Peresenti.
- Kupezeka Kwantchito
- Sinthani zopempha za voliyumu
- Pakadali pano kuzindikira (MTTD)
- Pakadali pano kuchira (MTTR)
15 Tchulani nsanja zingapo zamtambo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa DevOps?
Zotsatirazi ndi zina mwa nsanja zodziwika bwino za cloud computing pakukhazikitsa kwa DevOps:
- Mapulogalamu a Webusaiti a Amazon
- Google Cloud
- Azure
16. Kodi AWS ikugwirizana bwanji ndi DevOps?
Amazon Web Services (AWS) ndi nsanja yamtambo yomwe imapangitsa mfundo za DevOps kukhala zosavuta kuzitsatira.
Mayankho omwe aperekedwa athandiza kwambiri magulu pakuwongolera makonzedwe ovuta komanso mainjiniya kuti agwire bwino ntchito ndi liwiro lalitali loperekedwa ndi DevOps.
17. Mu AWS DevOps, kodi CodePipeline ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
AWS imapereka CodePipeline ngati ntchito yophatikizira mosalekeza komanso kutumiza.
Zimaphatikizaponso kusintha kwa zomangamanga. Ndi ma protocol omwe akhazikitsidwa omwe wogwiritsa ntchito amatanthauzira, ntchito monga kumanga, kuyesa, ndi kutumiza pambuyo pa kumanga kulikonse kumakhala kosavuta.
CodePipeline imatsimikizira kuti kukweza kwatsopano kwa mapulogalamu ndi mawonekedwe ake amaperekedwa modalirika komanso mwachangu.
18. Kodi CodeBuild mu AWS DevOps ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
AWS imapereka CodeBuild, ntchito yomanga m'nyumba yoyendetsedwa bwino yomwe imathandizira pakuphatikiza ma code code, kuyesa, komanso kupanga mapulogalamu okonzeka kutumiza. Palibe chifukwa choyang'anira, kugawa, kapena kupereka chifukwa ma seva omanga amangowonjezera.
Ntchito zomanga zimachitika limodzi ndi ma seva, zomwe zimapereka phindu lalikulu la kusasiya zomanga zilizonse zikudikirira pamzere.
19. Kodi kwenikweni AWS Lambda ndi chiyani mu nkhani ya AWS DevOps?
AWS Lambda ndi ntchito yamakompyuta yomwe imalola makasitomala kuyendetsa mapulogalamu popanda kupereka kapena kuyang'anira ma seva.
Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kugwiritsa ntchito kachidindo kalikonse pamapulogalamu kapena ntchito zawo pogwiritsa ntchito AWS Lambda popanda kuphatikiza m'mbuyomu. Ndizosavuta monga kutumiza kachidindo ndikulola Lambda kusamalira china chilichonse chofunikira kuti igwire ntchito ndikukulitsa.
20. Ndi mapulogalamu ati omwe amagwirizana ndi AWS CodeBuild?
AWS CodeBuild imaphatikizapo Python, Ruby, Java, Android, Docker, Node.js, ndi Go.
Poyambitsa ndi kupanga chithunzi cha Docker, malo opangira bespoke amathanso kupangidwa. Izi zimakankhidwira ku EC2 kapena DockerHub registries. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza chithunzi chomwe chili mu polojekiti yomanga ya ogwiritsa ntchito.
21. Mu AWS DevOps, microservices ndi chiyani?
Zomangamanga za Microservice ndi njira zopangira ntchito imodzi ngati gulu la ntchito.
Iliyonse mwa mautumikiwa ili ndi ndondomeko yakeyake ndipo imalankhulana ndi ena kudzera mu mawonekedwe omwe ali opepuka komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Kuyankhulana kwakukulu kumeneku kumachitika kudzera mu mafunso a HTTP ndi API.
22. Kodi Amazon QuickSight imagwira ntchito yotani mu AWS DevOps?
Amazon QuickSight ndi chida cha AWS Business Analytics chomwe chimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kupanga zowonera, kusanthula, ndikupeza zidziwitso zamabizinesi kuchokera pazomwe zapeza.
Ndi ntchito yothamanga komanso yokhazikika pamtambo yomwe imapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo kuti aipeze ndikuigwiritsa ntchito.
23. Mu AWS DevOps, zotengera za Kubernetes zimalumikizana bwanji?
Ku Kubernetes, chinthu chomwe chimadziwika kuti pod chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mapu pakati pa zotengera.
Pa nthawi ina iliyonse, poto ikhoza kusunga zambiri kuposa chimodzi. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma netiweki a pod, kulumikizana pakati pa ma pod awa pa netiweki yokutira ndikosavuta.
24. Kodi mtambo wosakanizidwa mu AWS DevOps ndi chiyani?
Mtambo wosakanizidwa ndi malo apakompyuta omwe amaphatikiza mitambo yachinsinsi komanso yapagulu.
Mitambo yosakanizidwa imatha kumangidwa poyika ngalande ya VPN pakati pa mtambo wa VPN ndi netiweki yapamalo. AWS Direct Connect imathanso kuthamangitsa intaneti ndikulumikizana motetezeka pakati pa VPN ndi malo opangira data.
25. Kodi Ansible ndi chiyani?
Ansible ndi pulogalamu yothandizira makina apakompyuta yomwe ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito koma yamphamvu kwambiri.
Zapangidwira makamaka akatswiri a IT, omwe amazigwiritsa ntchito potumiza, malo ogwirira ntchito ndi kukweza ma seva, kupereka mitambo, kasamalidwe ka masinthidwe, kuyimba kwa intra-service, ndi china chilichonse. woyang'anira machitidwe amachita mlungu uliwonse kapena tsiku lililonse.
Ansible ndiyosavuta kuyiyika chifukwa sichifuna pulogalamu ya wothandizira kapena zida zina zachitetezo.
26. Kodi cholinga cha selenium n’chiyani?
Selenium imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu DevOps poyesa mosalekeza. Chidachi chimayang'ana pakuyesa kogwira ntchito komanso kuyambiranso.
27. Kodi Selenium Grid ndi chiyani ndipo imachita chiyani?
Cholinga cha Selenium Grid ndikuyendetsa zolemba zoyeserera zomwezo kapena zosiyana pamapulatifomu angapo ndi asakatuli kuti athe kuyesa kugawa. Imathandiza kuyesa muzochitika zosiyanasiyana ndipo imatha kuchepetsa nthawi yophedwa.
28. Kodi Selenium IDE ndi chiyani?
Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE) imapereka malo amodzi opangira Selenium script chitukuko. Imapezekanso ngati chowonjezera cha Firefox ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza zolakwika, kusintha, ndi kujambula mayeso.
Selenium IDE imaphatikizapo Selenium Core yonse, yomwe imatilola kuti tiyesenso ndikulemba mayeso munjira yofananira momwe adzayendetsedwe. Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwakusintha malangizo mozungulira mwachangu komanso kuthandizira kokwanira, Selenium IDE ndiye malo abwino kwambiri olembera mayeso a Selenium, osatengera mtundu wa kuyesa komwe timakonda.
29. Mu DevOps, mukutanthauza chiyani ndi Chidole?
Ndi dongosolo kasamalidwe kasamalidwe ka ntchito zoyendetsera ntchito. Chidole chimagwiritsa ntchito kamangidwe ka Master-Slave, komwe magulu awiri amalumikizana kudzera pa njira yobisika. Oyang'anira makina ali ndi udindo pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zobwerezabwereza, kuphatikizapo kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza ma seva.
N'zotheka kulemba zolemba kuti zisinthe zochita zoterezi, koma izi zimakhala zovuta pamene zomangamanga zimakhala zazikulu. Configuration Management ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira. Zidole zimathandizira pakukonza, kutumiza, ndi kasamalidwe ka ma seva.
Sizimangopangitsa kuti ntchito zobwerezabwereza zikhale zosavuta, komanso zimapulumutsa nthawi yochuluka.
30. Kuti Chidole chikhale champhamvu kwambiri, ndi zida ziti zotseguka zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito?
Jira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsata zosintha ndi zopempha, ndipo timaziwongolera kudzera m'ndondomeko yamkati.
Kenako, molingana ndi machitidwe abwino, timagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya Git ndi Puppet's Code Manager kuyang'anira khodi ya Zidole. Kuphatikiza apo, timagwiritsa ntchito mapaipi ophatikiza a Jenkins mosalekeza komanso chimango choyesera ma beaker kuti tichite zosintha zathu zonse za Zidole.
31. Fotokozani kamangidwe ka akapolo a Jenkins?
- Nthawi iliyonse pakakhala ma code, Jenkins master amatenga kachidindo kuchokera kumalo akutali a GitHub.
- Imagawa ntchitoyo pakati pa akapolo onse a Jenkins.
- Akapolo amachita, amamanga, amayesa, ndikupanga zotsatira zoyesa pa pempho la mbuye wa Jenkins.
32. Kodi Jenkins angasunthidwe bwanji kapena kukopera kuchokera ku seva imodzi kupita ku ina?
Ndiyamba ndi kusamutsa chikwatu cha ntchito kuchokera pazakale kupita ku seva yatsopano. Pali njira zina zomwe zilipo, zomwe ndazilemba pansipa:
Ndi zotheka:
- Ingosunthani bukhu lofananira la ntchito kuchokera ku kukhazikitsa kwa Jenkins kupita ku lina kuti musunthe ntchito.
- Pangani cholozera cha bukhu lantchito ndi dzina latsopano kuti mufanane ndi ntchito yomwe ilipo.
- Dongosolo litha kusinthidwanso kuti litchulenso ntchito yomwe ilipo. Ngati mutatchulanso ntchito, ntchito ina iliyonse yomwe ikuyesera kuyitanira ntchito yosinthidwa iyeneranso kusinthidwanso.
33. Tchulani mapulagini ochepa a Jenkins omwe ali opindulitsa?
Ndaphatikizanso mapulagini ofunikira pansipa:
- Koperani chojambula
- agwirizane
- Mipira Yobiriwira
- Maven 2 project
- Amazon EC2
- Wosindikiza wa HTML
34. Nagios ndi chiyani?
Chimodzi mwa zida zowunikira ndi Nagios. Mu chikhalidwe cha DevOps, imagwiritsidwa ntchito powunika mosalekeza machitidwe, mapulogalamu, mautumiki, ndi mabizinesi, mwa zina.
Pakalephera, Nagios amatha kudziwitsa ogwira ntchito zaukadaulo, kuwalola kuti ayambe kuthana ndi mavuto asanachitike mabizinesi, ogwiritsa ntchito, kapena makasitomala.
Simuyenera kufotokoza chifukwa chake kuwonongeka kwazinthu zosazindikirika kumakhudza gawo lalikulu la kampani yanu pogwiritsa ntchito Nagios.
35. Kodi Nagios amagwira ntchito bwanji?
Nagios ndi njira yowunikira yochokera pa seva yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati daemon kapena ntchito. Nagios amagwiritsa ntchito mapulagini pa seva yomweyo pafupipafupi, ndipo amalumikizana ndi makamu kapena maseva pamaneti anu kapena intaneti. Mawonekedwe a intaneti angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti muwone zambiri.
Ngati china chake chachitika, mutha kudziwitsidwa kudzera pa imelo kapena SMS. Nagios daemon imagwira ntchito ngati ndandanda, kuchita mapulogalamu nthawi zina. Imasunga zotuluka za zolembedwazo ndikuyendetsa zatsopano ngati zotulukazo zisintha.
36. Kodi Nagios Log Server ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Nagios Log Server imapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyang'ana kudzera muzolemba. Kukhazikitsa ma alarm, chenjezo ngati zoopsa zotheka zikuwonekera, kungofufuza zolemba, ndikuwunika mwachangu dongosolo lililonse ndizinthu zomwe Nagios Log Server imachita bwino.
Titha kulandira zidziwitso zathu zonse pamalo amodzi ndi kupezeka kwakukulu pogwiritsa ntchito Nagios Log Server.
37. Kodi State Stalking ku Nagios ndi chiyani?
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga zinthu. Pamene Stalking yathandizidwa kuti ikhale yolandira alendo kapena ntchito, Nagios aziyang'anitsitsa wolandirayo kapena ntchitoyo ndikuwona kusintha kulikonse komwe akuwona pazotsatira zake.
Mutha kunenanso kuti, "Zitha kukhala zopindulitsa pakuwunikanso mafayilo alogi," malingana ndi zokambirana zomwe inu ndi wofunsayo mudakhala nazo. Zotsatira za wolandila kapena cheke chautumiki zimangonenedwa nthawi zonse ngati wolandirayo kapena ntchitoyo yasintha kuyambira pa cheke choyambirira. ”
38. Zotengera ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Zotengera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga malo okhazikika apakompyuta kuchokera pa laputopu ya opanga mapulogalamu kupita kumalo oyesera, kenako kupanga. Chidebe ndi phukusi limodzi lomwe lili ndi nthawi yonse yothamanga: pulogalamu, komanso zodalira zake zonse, malaibulale, zigawo zina, ndi mafayilo osinthika omwe amafunikira kuti achite.
Kusiyanitsa pakugawa kwa OS ndi zida zothandizira kumathetsedwa ndikuyika nsanja yofunsira ndi kudalira kwake.
39. Kodi chithunzi cha Docker ndi chiyani?
Chidebe cha Docker chimachokera ku chithunzi cha Docker. Kunena mwanjira ina, zithunzi za Docker zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zotengera. Zithunzi zimamangidwa ndi lamulo lomanga, ndipo zikathamanga, zimapanga chidebe. Registry ya Docker, monga registry.hub.docker.com, imasunga zithunzi.
Zithunzi zimapangidwira kuti zikhale ndi zigawo zazithunzi zina chifukwa zimatha kukula kwambiri, zomwe zimalola kuti deta ikhale yochepa potumiza zithunzi pa intaneti.
40. Kodi chidebe cha Docker ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Zotengera za Docker zikuphatikiza pulogalamuyo ndi zodalira zake zonse, koma amagawana kernel ndi zotengera zina ndipo zimagwira ntchito ngati njira zosiyanitsira malo ogwiritsira ntchito pa OS yolandila. Zotengera za Docker sizifuna zida zapadera kuti ziyendetse: zimatha kuthamanga pamakina aliwonse, pamakina aliwonse, komanso mumtambo uliwonse.
Mutha kupanga zotengera za Docker popanga chithunzi cha Docker ndikuchichita, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi za Docker kuchokera ku Dockerhub. Zotengera za Docker kwenikweni ndi zithunzi za Docker.
41. Kodi cholinga cha Dockerfile ndi chiyani?
Docker amatha kuwerenga malangizo kuchokera ku Dockerfile ndikupangirani zithunzi zokha.
Dockerfile ndi fayilo yolemba yomwe ili ndi malamulo onse omwe wogwiritsa ntchito angagwiritse ntchito kupanga chithunzi kuchokera pamzere wolamula. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kugwiritsa ntchito docker build kuti apange makina omwe amapanga malangizo angapo pamzere wotsatira.
42. Kodi kwenikweni 'Pair Programming' ndi chiyani?
Pair programming ndi njira yaukadaulo momwe opanga mapulogalamu awiri amagwirira ntchito limodzi, kapangidwe, ndi kachidindo.
Amatsatira mfundo za "Extreme Programming." Pachifukwa ichi, wopanga mapulogalamu wina amatchedwa "dalaivala," pomwe winayo amatchedwa "observer," yemwe nthawi zonse amayang'ana momwe polojekiti ikuyendera kuti apeze zovuta zina.
43. Kodi Chef ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Ndi nsanja yolimba yodzipangira yokha yomwe imasintha zomangamanga kukhala ma code. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chida ichi kupanga zolemba zomwe zimagwira ntchito zokha.
44. Kodi kwenikweni Blue/Green Deployment Pattern ndi chiyani?
Mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira ndi njira yotumizira mosalekeza, njira yotulutsira ntchito yomwe imayang'ana pakusintha pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwiritsa ntchito kuchokera ku mtundu womwe umagwira ntchito kale wa pulogalamu kapena ntchito kupita ku mtundu wofananira wofanana - mitundu yonse yomwe ikugwira ntchito.
Chilengedwe cha buluu chimayimira mtundu wakale wa pulogalamuyi, pomwe malo obiriwira amayimira mawonekedwe apano. Magalimoto opangira zinthu amasamutsidwa pang'onopang'ono kuchoka ku buluu kupita ku malo obiriwira, ndipo atasamutsidwa kotheratu, chilengedwe cha buluu sichimasungidwa pokhapokha ngati pakufunika kubweza.
45. Kodi Memcached ndi chiyani?
Memcached ndi makina osungira osungira zinthu omwe ali omasuka komanso otseguka. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu dynamic kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti Kuwongolera kukumbukira ndi caching data mu RAM. Izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa nthawi zomwe magwero akunja ayenera kufunsidwa. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa database kumathandizanso kufulumizitsa ntchito zapaintaneti.
46. Kodi zinthu za Memcached ndi zotani?
Nazi zina mwazodziwika bwino za Memcached:
- Zinthu zomwe zasinthidwa zimasungidwa pogwiritsa ntchito Zizindikiro za CAS.
- Kuti khodiyo ikhale yowerengeka, ma callbacks amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Chepetsani nthawi yoyankha kapena nthawi yomwe zimatengera zotsatira pogwiritsa ntchito GetDelayed.
- Kuti mugwiritse ntchito ndi kasitomala watsopano, pangani protocol ya binary.
- Kuti mugwiritse ntchito ndi data yovuta, njira ya data ya Igbinary imaperekedwa.
47. Tchulani zida zingapo zothandiza zowunikira maukonde?
Izi ndi zina mwa zida zodziwika bwino zowunikira maukonde:
- Zosakanizika
- Ndikuganiza 2
- Wireshark
- Nagios
- OpenNMS
48. Kodi zina mwazolepheretsa kukhazikitsa mapaipi a DevOps ndi ziti?
M'nthawi ino ya kuphulika kwaukadaulo, DevOps imapereka zovuta zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, zimakhudzana ndi kusamuka kwa data ndikuphatikizanso magwiridwe antchito atsopano. Ngati kusamuka kwa data sikulephera, dongosololi likhoza kukhala losakhazikika, zomwe zingayambitse mavuto patsogolo.
Komabe, mkati mwa dongosolo la CI, izi zitha kuyendetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mbendera, yomwe imathandizira kutulutsa kwazinthu zowonjezera. Izi, pamodzi ndi mawonekedwe obwezeretsa, zingathandize kuchepetsa zovuta zina.
49. Kodi cholinga cha Secure Shell ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
SSH imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza makompyuta awiri ndikuwagwiritsa ntchito patali. SSH imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi gulu la opareshoni chifukwa gulu logwira ntchito likhala likugwira ntchito zapakhomo zomwe zingafunike kufikira patali ndi dongosolo la admin.
Madivelopa adzagwiritsanso ntchito SSH, ngakhale pang'ono kuposa gulu la opareshoni chifukwa azigwira ntchito pamakina am'deralo nthawi zambiri. Monga tanena kale, magulu a chitukuko ndi ntchito za DevOps azilumikizana ndikugwira ntchito limodzi.
SSH idzagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene gulu la ogwira ntchito likukumana ndi vuto ndipo likusowa thandizo kuchokera ku gulu lachitukuko.
50. CBD ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
CBD, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Component-Based Creation, ndi njira yatsopano yopangira zinthu.
M'malo mongoyambira, opanga njira iyi nthawi zonse amasaka zida zomwe zafotokozedwa bwino, zoyesedwa, ndi zotsimikizika kuti zilembe ndikusonkhanitsidwa kukhala chinthu.
Kutsiliza
Mafunso ndi Mayankho Apamwamba a DevOps tsopano atha. DevOps ndiyofunikira osati kufulumizitsa chitukuko cha mapulogalamu, komanso kukonza mapulogalamu.
Ma DevOps amabweretsa malingaliro atsopano, njira zamakasitomala, ndi matekinoloje anzeru patebulo, zonse zomwe zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kukwaniritsa cholinga chimenecho. Ma DevOps amathanso kuthandizira kuzindikira zolakwika zamakhodi, kukonza kulumikizana kwamagulu, ndikuchepetsa mtengo wokwanira wopanga mapulogalamu.
Siyani Mumakonda