Tikuyenera kuti tili kumayambiriro kwa kusintha kwatsopano kwa AI.
Luntha lochita kupanga limatanthawuza ma algorithms ndi zitsanzo zomwe zimatha kupanga zomwe zili. Kutulutsa kwamitundu yotere kumaphatikizapo zolemba, zomvera, ndi zithunzi zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatha kulakwitsa ngati zotuluka zenizeni zamunthu.
Mapulogalamu monga Chezani ndi GPT awonetsa kuti kupanga AI sikwachilendo. AI tsopano amatha kutsatira malangizo atsatanetsatane ndipo akuwoneka kuti akumvetsetsa mozama momwe dziko limagwirira ntchito.
Koma tinafika bwanji pamenepa? Mu bukhuli, tidutsamo zina mwazofunikira pakufufuza kwa AI zomwe zatsegula njira yakusintha kwatsopano komanso kosangalatsa kwa AI.
Kuwonjezeka kwa Neural Networks
Mutha kutsata zoyambira za AI yamakono pakufufuza kuphunzira mozama ndi ma neural network mu 2012.
M'chaka chimenecho, Alex Krizhevsky ndi gulu lake ku yunivesite ya Toronto adatha kukwaniritsa ndondomeko yolondola kwambiri yomwe imatha kuyika zinthu.
The neural network yamakono, yemwe tsopano akutchedwa AlexNet, adatha kuyika zinthu muzithunzithunzi zazithunzi za ImageNet ndi zolakwika zochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi wothamanga.
Mitundu ya Neural ndi ma aligorivimu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito netiweki ya masamu kuti aphunzire khalidwe linalake potengera mfundo zina zamaphunziro. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kudyetsa data yachipatala ya neural network kuti muphunzitse chitsanzocho kuti azindikire matenda ngati khansa.
Chiyembekezo ndichakuti neural network imapeza pang'onopang'ono machitidwe mu datayo ndikukhala yolondola ikapatsidwa chidziwitso chatsopano.
AlexNet inali ntchito yopambana ya a zopinga neural network kapena CNNs. Mawu ofunikira a "convolutional" amatanthauza kuwonjezeredwa kwa zigawo za convolutional zomwe zimatsindika kwambiri pa deta yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri.
Ngakhale kuti ma CNN anali kale lingaliro m'zaka za m'ma 1980, adangoyamba kutchuka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2010 pamene luso lamakono la GPU linakankhira luso lapamwamba kwambiri.
Kupambana kwa CNNs m'munda wa masomphenya a makompyuta zidapangitsa chidwi chochulukirapo pa kafukufuku wama neural network.
Zimphona zaukadaulo monga Google ndi Facebook zidaganiza zotulutsa machitidwe awo a AI kwa anthu. Ma API apamwamba monga Keras inapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kuyesa ma neural network.
Ma CNN anali abwino pozindikira zithunzi komanso kusanthula makanema koma anali ndi vuto pankhani yothetsa mavuto otengera chilankhulo. Kuletsa uku pakukonza zilankhulo zachilengedwe kumatha kukhalapo chifukwa momwe zithunzi ndi zolemba zilili zovuta zosiyana.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi cholozera chomwe chimasankha ngati chithunzicho chili ndi magetsi oyendera magalimoto, magetsi omwe akufunsidwawo amatha kuwoneka paliponse pachithunzichi. Komabe, kulekerera kotereku sikumagwira ntchito bwino m'chinenerocho. Mawu akuti “Bob anadya nsomba” ndi “Nsomba anadya Bob” ali ndi matanthauzo osiyanasiyana ngakhale akugwiritsa ntchito mawu ofanana.
Zinali zoonekeratu kuti ochita kafukufuku ayenera kupeza njira yatsopano yothetsera mavuto okhudza chinenero cha anthu.
Transformers amasintha chilichonse
Mu 2017, a pepala kafukufuku lotchedwa "Chidziwitso Ndi Chonse Chomwe Mukufuna" adapereka mtundu watsopano wa netiweki: Transformer.
Ngakhale ma CNN amagwira ntchito ndikusefa mobwerezabwereza magawo ang'onoang'ono a chithunzi, otembenuza amalumikiza chinthu chilichonse mu data ndi china chilichonse. Ochita kafukufuku amatcha ndondomekoyi "kudzisamalira".
Poyesa kugawa ziganizo, ma CNN ndi ma transfoma amagwira ntchito mosiyana kwambiri. Ngakhale CNN idzayang'ana pakupanga kulumikizana ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi mzake, chosinthira chidzapanga kulumikizana pakati pa liwu lililonse mu sentensi.
Kudzisamalira nokha ndi gawo lofunikira pakumvetsetsa chilankhulo cha anthu. Poyang'ana patali ndikuyang'ana momwe chiganizo chonsecho chikugwirizanirana, makina amatha kumvetsetsa bwino chiganizocho.
Mitundu yoyamba ya transformer itatulutsidwa, ofufuza posakhalitsa adagwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga zatsopanozi kuti agwiritse ntchito mwayi wochuluka wa zolemba zomwe zimapezeka pa intaneti.
GPT-3 ndi intaneti
Mu 2020, OpenAI's GPT-3 chitsanzo chinasonyeza momwe ma transfoma amatha kukhala othandiza. GPT-3 inatha kutulutsa mawu omwe amawoneka ngati osazindikirika ndi munthu. Chimodzi mwa zomwe zidapangitsa GPT-3 kukhala yamphamvu kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa maphunziro omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zambiri mwazomwe zimapangidwira maphunziro amtunduwu zimachokera ku dataset yomwe imadziwika kuti Common Crawl yomwe imabwera ndi ma tokeni opitilira 400 biliyoni.
Ngakhale luso la GPT-3 lopanga zolemba zenizeni za anthu linali lokhazikika paokha, ofufuza adapeza momwe mtundu womwewo ungathetsere ntchito zina.
Mwachitsanzo, mtundu womwewo wa GPT-3 womwe mungagwiritse ntchito kupanga tweet utha kukuthandizaninso kufotokoza mwachidule mawu, kulembanso ndime, ndikumaliza nkhani. Zitsanzo za zinenero zakhala zamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti tsopano ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito zomwe zimatsata mtundu uliwonse wa lamulo.
GPT-3's general-purpose nature yalola kuti izi zitheke GitHub Copilot, zomwe zimalola opanga mapulogalamu kuti apange code yogwira ntchito kuchokera ku Chingerezi chosavuta.
Mitundu Yophatikiza: Kuchokera ku Mawu kupita ku Zithunzi
Kupita patsogolo komwe kwachitika ndi ma transfoma ndi NLP kwatsegulanso njira yopangira AI m'magawo ena.
Mu gawo la masomphenya apakompyuta, taphunzira kale momwe kuphunzira mwakuya kumalola makina kumvetsetsa zithunzi. Komabe, tinkafunikabe kupeza njira yoti AI adzipangire okha zithunzi m'malo moziyika m'magulu.
Zithunzi zopanga ngati DALL-E 2, Stable Diffusion, ndi Midjourney zatchuka chifukwa cha momwe amasinthira mawu kukhala zithunzi.
Zithunzi zazithunzizi zimadalira mbali ziwiri zazikulu: chitsanzo chomwe chimamvetsetsa mgwirizano pakati pa zithunzi ndi malemba ndi chitsanzo chomwe chingathe kupanga chithunzi chapamwamba chomwe chikugwirizana ndi zomwe alowetsa.
Ndi OpenAI Clip (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training) ndi njira yotseguka yomwe ikufuna kuthetsa gawo loyamba. Potengera chithunzi, mtundu wa CLIP ukhoza kulosera kufotokozera kwachithunzicho.
Mtundu wa CLIP umagwira ntchito pophunzira momwe mungatulutsire zinthu zofunika pazithunzi ndikupanga chithunzi chosavuta.
Ogwiritsa ntchito akapereka zolemba zachitsanzo ku DALL-E 2, zolowetsazo zimasinthidwa kukhala "kuyika zithunzi" pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha CLIP. Cholinga tsopano ndikupeza njira yopangira chithunzi chomwe chikufanana ndi kuyika kwachithunzicho.
Zithunzi zatsopano za AI zimagwiritsa ntchito a kufalitsa chitsanzo kuti agwire ntchito yopanga chithunzi. Mitundu yosakanikirana imadalira ma neural network omwe adaphunzitsidwa kale kuti adziwe momwe angachotsere phokoso lowonjezera pazithunzi.
Panthawi yophunzitsira iyi, neural network imatha kuphunzira kupanga chithunzi chapamwamba kuchokera pazithunzi zaphokoso mwachisawawa. Popeza tili ndi mapu a zolemba ndi zithunzi zoperekedwa ndi CLIP, titha phunzitsani chitsanzo chofalitsa pa zoyika zithunzi za CLIP kuti mupange njira yopangira chithunzi chilichonse.
Generative AI Revolution: chikubwera ndi chiyani?
Tsopano tili pamalo pomwe zotsogola zamtundu wa AI zikuchitika masiku angapo. Ndikukhala kosavuta komanso kosavuta kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya media pogwiritsa ntchito AI, kodi tiyenera kuda nkhawa kuti izi zingakhudze bwanji anthu athu?
Ngakhale nkhawa zamakina olowa m'malo mwa ogwira ntchito zakhala zikukambirana kuyambira pomwe zidapangidwa injini ya nthunzi, zikuwoneka kuti ndizosiyana nthawi ino.
Generative AI ikukhala chida chogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri chomwe chingasokoneze mafakitale omwe amawonedwa kuti ndi otetezeka kuti asatengedwe ndi AI.
Kodi tidzafunika opanga mapulogalamu ngati AI angayambe kulemba ma code opanda cholakwika kuchokera ku malangizo ochepa oyambira? Kodi anthu adzalemba ntchito opanga ngati angogwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira kuti apange zomwe akufuna kuti azitha kutsika mtengo?
Ndizovuta kulosera zamtsogolo zakusintha kwa AI. Koma tsopano kuti bokosi la Pandora lophiphiritsira latsegulidwa, ndikuyembekeza kuti teknoloji idzalola zatsopano zosangalatsa zomwe zingasiye dziko lapansi.
Siyani Mumakonda