M'ndandanda wazopezekamo[Bisani][Show]
- 1. Kodi Biomedical Engineering ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 2. Kodi mungafotokoze ntchito yomwe akatswiri azachipatala amagwira m'mawu anuanu?
- 3. Kodi mawu akuti “biomechanics” ndi “biomechanical engineering” amatanthauza chiyani, ndipo amawagwiritsa ntchito bwanji?
- 4. Kodi mungapange bwanji chida chachipatala kuti munthu wovulala msana azitha kuyendanso?
- 5. Kodi BMI N'chiyani Kwenikweni?
- 6. Kusindikiza zala za DNA: Ndi chiyani?
- 7. Fotokozani MRI mwatsatanetsatane.
- 8. Kodi bio-instrumentation ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 9. Kodi matenda a Alzheimer's ndi chiyani?
- 10. Ndi Mitundu Yanji Ya Mafunde Ingawonekere Pakujambula kwa Eeg?
- 11. Fotokozani chotchinga cha magazi ndi ubongo.
- 12. Kodi microarray ndi chiyani ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji, chonde?
- 13. Kodi mfundo ya DNA yosindikizira zala ikufotokozedwa chiyani?
- 14. Kodi mumachita chiyani kuti mutsimikizire chitetezo ndi mphamvu ya chida kapena njira yachipatala?
- 15. Kodi physiology ya dongosolo ndi chiyani?
- 16. Kujambula kwachipatala: Ndi chiyani?
- 17. Lembani matekinoloje omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazithunzi zachipatala.
- 18. Kodi mumaidziwa bwino LMO?
- 19. Kodi kwenikweni mankhwala a cloning amatanthauza chiyani, ndipo motani?
- 20. Ndi njira ziti zomwe zimatengedwa kuti mudziwe mlingo poyesa mankhwala atsopano?
- 21. Kodi njira yosinthira majini ndi chiyani?
- 22. Kodi mungatanthauzire kachiromboka ndi kutchula zina zodziwika bwino za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda?
- 23. Tikufuna kupanga zida zathu zopangira opaleshoni kukhala zotetezeka. Kodi mungagwiritse ntchito chiyani kuti muwalimbikitse?
- 24. Kodi RCCS ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
- 25. Kodi mwagwiritsa ntchito bwanji mapulogalamu apakompyuta kapena mapulogalamu kuti muwongolere njira zachipatala kapena zida?
- 26. Fotokozani chitsanzo cha biological neuron. Kodi chimasiyanitsa ndi chiyani ndi neuroni yopangira?
- 27. Kodi chiwalo choimirira n'chiyani kwenikweni?
- 28. Kodi n'chiyani chimachititsa kuti ma introns ndi exons azisiyana wina ndi mnzake?
- 29. Ndi chiyani chomwe chimasiyanitsa ma retrovirus ndi ma provirus?
- 30. Kodi mumakhulupirira kuti uinjiniya wa biomedical ukupita mbali iti?
- Kutsiliza
Akatswiri opanga zamankhwala ndi omwe amayang'anira zina mwaukadaulo wazachipatala wotsogola kwambiri womwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano, kuyambira kupanga ziwalo zopangira mpaka kupanga zida zatsopano zamankhwala.
Pankhani ya chisamaliro cha odwala, akatswiri opanga zamankhwala amafufuza ndikupanga mayankho kuzinthu zamankhwala ndi zamankhwala. Ntchito yodziwika bwino ya mainjiniya a biomedical ikugwira ntchito ndikuthetsa zida zamankhwala ngati katswiri wazachipatala kapena gawo lofufuza ndi chitukuko lamakampani.
Akatswiri opanga zamankhwala a R&D amagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chawo kupanga zida ndi zida zachipatala zatsopano. Tsiku ndi tsiku, mainjiniya azachipatala omwenso ndi akatswiri amapereka chithandizo chaukadaulo kukonza, kukonza, kukhazikitsa, kapena kusintha zida zamankhwala.
Ayeneranso kulangiza antchito ena momwe angagwiritsire ntchito zida moyenera. Poyankhulana, akatswiri opanga zamankhwala ayenera kukhala okonzeka kuyankha mafunso osiyanasiyana okhudza ntchito yawo chifukwa gawo lomwe likukula mwachangu likusintha mosalekeza.
Mu positi iyi, tiwona mafunso oyankhulana ndi mainjiniya a biomedical kuyambira koyambira mpaka apamwamba.
1. Kodi Biomedical Engineering ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Kupititsa patsogolo thanzi la anthu ndi moyo, uinjiniya wa biomedical umaphatikiza njira zaumisiri wamba ndi sayansi yazachilengedwe ndi zamankhwala.
Mundawu umayang'ana pakupanga zida, njira, ndi ma aligorivimu omwe amapititsa patsogolo chidziwitso chachipatala ndi chachilengedwe pomwe akuthandizira kuthandizira komanso kupereka chithandizo chamankhwala, komanso kumvetsetsa kwazinthu zovuta zamoyo kudzera munjira zoyesera komanso zowunikira.
2. Kodi mungafotokoze ntchito yomwe akatswiri azachipatala amagwira m'mawu anuanu?
Ntchito zomwe akatswiri opanga ma biomedical amachita ndizosiyanasiyana. Atha kugwira ntchito m'zipatala, m'makoleji, mabizinesi, kapena m'ma laboratories.
Maudindo awo akuphatikizanso kupanga ndi kupanga zida zamankhwala, ziwalo zopangira, mapulani ochizira, masanjidwe a labu, ndi masensa osiyanasiyana azachipatala.
3. Kodi mawu akuti “biomechanics” ndi “biomechanical engineering” amatanthauza chiyani, ndipo amawagwiritsa ntchito bwanji?
Biomechanics ndi kuphunzira ndi kuyerekezera nkhani zachipatala ndi machitidwe pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo zamakanika. Mundawu ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zitsanzo za zinthu monga kusamutsa madzimadzi komanso kusuntha kwa miyendo.
Mitima yochita kupanga, impso, ndi mafupa ndi ziwalo zochepa zopangira ndi manja zomwe zapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito biomechanical engineering.
4. Kodi mungapange bwanji chida chachipatala kuti munthu wovulala msana azitha kuyendanso?
Ndinkayamba ndi kuganizira za thanzi la wodwalayo ndiponso matenda ena alionse amene angachepetse kuyenda kwake. Kenako ndinkapanga makina oti azitha kulemera kwa wodwala kwinaku akuwathandiza pamene akuyenda.
Mwachitsanzo, nditha kupanga cholumikizira cholumikizira chomwe chimathandiza wodwala kuyenda kutsogolo ndi ndodo kapena ndodo. Wodwalayo angakhale ndi njira yotetezeka yoyendera chifukwa cha chipangizo chamtunduwu, chomwe chimakhala chosavuta kuchoka kumalo kupita kumalo.
5. Kodi BMI N'chiyani Kwenikweni?
BMI imayimira body mass index. Utali ndi kulemera kwa munthu zimayerekezeredwa. Amawerengeredwa mwa kugawa kulemera kwa munthu ndi kutalika kwake kofanana ndi zinayi.
6. Kusindikiza zala za DNA: Ndi chiyani?
Kusindikiza zala za chibadwa, komwe kumadziwika kuti kusindikiza zala za DNA, ndi njira yodziwira anthu potengera DNA yawo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu forensics.
Polemba zala za DNA, njira za Polymerase Chain Reaction ndi Short Tandem Repeats zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi.
7. Fotokozani MRI mwatsatanetsatane.
Chidule cha kujambula kwa maginito (MRI) ndi kujambula kwa maginito. Ndi mawonekedwe a zamankhwala omwe amapereka chidziwitso chokwanira cha ziwalo zamkati, makamaka zofewa.
Mphamvu yamaginito yamphamvu imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu MRI kupanga zithunzi ndi zitsanzo za chiwalo chomwe akufuna.
8. Kodi bio-instrumentation ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Mawu akuti "bio-instrumentation" amafotokoza njira yogwiritsira ntchito ukadaulo wina, zida, ndi zida kuti apange zida za biomechanical kuchiza matenda ndi kuvulala.
Zimaphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro aumisiri ndi njira kuti amalize ntchito mumakampani azachipatala.
9. Kodi matenda a Alzheimer's ndi chiyani?
Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa dementia ndi matenda a Alzheimer's. Ndi vuto la muubongo lomwe limadza chifukwa cha kusakhazikika bwino kwa protein ya tau. Chikhalidwe ichi ndi chomaliza. Matendawa ndi ofooketsa. Itha kudziwika ndi PET kapena MRI scan.
10. Ndi Mitundu Yanji Ya Mafunde Ingawonekere Pakujambula kwa Eeg?
Mafunde okhudzana ndi kugona otchedwa delta, theta yochititsa kugona, alpha yopumula, beta yolimbikitsa kuganiza, ndi gamma zonse zimawonekera pajambulidwe la EEG. Mu-rhythm imawonekanso mu alpha.
11. Fotokozani chotchinga cha magazi ndi ubongo.
Kuzungulira kwa magazi kukasiyanitsidwa ndi madzimadzi a muubongo, minyewa yapakati imakumana ndi zotchinga zamagazi muubongo (BECF). Ma capillary aliwonse amawonetsa izi.
Ma capillaries amazunguliridwa ndi zolumikizana zolimba, zomwe sizikuyenda bwino. Glucose ndi zinthu zina zama metabolic zimasamutsidwa mwachangu pa chotchinga ndi maselo otchinga pogwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni ena.
Pamodzi ndi nembanemba wandiweyani wapansi, chotchinga ichi chimakhalanso ndi phazi lakumapeto la astrocytic.
12. Kodi microarray ndi chiyani ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji, chonde?
Microarray ndi gulu lofanana ndi matrix lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera ma DNA, malinga ndi tanthauzo. Zida izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza zambiri za DNA kapena genomic, kuphatikiza mbiri ya jini, kuzindikira kwa nucleotide polymorphism imodzi, kuzindikira kwamitundu ina, ndi zina.
Mayeso ambiri amtundu amatha kuchitidwa nthawi imodzi pogwiritsa ntchito tchipisi tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabizinesi ena.
13. Kodi mfundo ya DNA yosindikizira zala ikufotokozedwa chiyani?
Kusindikiza zala za chibadwa ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zolemba zala za DNA. Njira ya DNA ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pozindikira munthu. Forensics ndiye njira yoyamba yolembera zala za DNA.
Polymerase Chain Reaction ndiye njira yofunika kwambiri yosindikizira zala za DNA. Kulemba mbiri ya DNA ndi dzina lina la njira imeneyi yomwe anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito.
14. Kodi mumachita chiyani kuti mutsimikizire chitetezo ndi mphamvu ya chida kapena njira yachipatala?
Ndimayamba ndikudutsa zofunikira za polojekiti komanso zomwe kasitomala amayembekeza. Kenako ndimapanga ndandanda yochita kafukufuku, kubwera ndi ma prototypes, ndikuyesa zida kapena njira.
Ndimawunika zomwe zapezedwa potsatira sitepe iliyonse yoyeserera ndikupanga kusintha kulikonse kofunikira. Zotsatira zake, ndimatha kupatsa makasitomala anga chidziwitso cholondola chokhudza mphamvu ndi chitetezo cha katundu wawo.
15. Kodi physiology ya dongosolo ndi chiyani?
Systems physiology imayang'ana pakumvetsetsa momwe machitidwe mkati mwa zolengedwa zamoyo zimagwirira ntchito pamlingo wocheperako komanso wocheperako, kuyambira pakuyankhira kwamankhwala kumachitidwe a metabolic ndi kuyankha kwa matenda, kusuntha kwa miyendo mwakufuna kupita ku machiritso a khungu, ndi makutu a thupi.
Gawo lophunzirirali limagwiritsa ntchito njira zamasamu poyesa ndi kuyerekezera.
16. Kujambula kwachipatala: Ndi chiyani?
Kujambula kwachipatala kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira ndikuyika m'magulu azaumoyo kuphatikiza khansa, zopunduka, ndi zina zotero pophatikiza kukonza deta pakompyuta, kusanthula, ndikuwonetsa ndikumvetsetsa zochitika zakuthupi.
Njira zina monga ultrasound ndi magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.
17. Lembani matekinoloje omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazithunzi zachipatala.
Ukadaulo woyerekeza zamankhwala umagwiritsidwa ntchito pantchito zachipatala komanso kafukufuku m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mankhwala a nyukiliya, electron microscopy, computer tomography, radiography, thermography, fluoroscopy, ultrasound, ndi positron emission tomography, kapena PET, ndi zina mwa izi.
Kujambula komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kumadalira mtundu wa maphunziro omwe akuchitidwa kapena mtundu wachipatala.
18. Kodi mumaidziwa bwino LMO?
Chamoyo chosinthidwa chamoyo chimatchedwa LMO. Ma LMO ndi zolengedwa zomwe zasintha ma genetic pogwiritsa ntchito biotechnology.
LMO imaphatikizapo zolengedwa zonse zomwe zakhala zikuchitika mutagenesis kapena kuswana ndi kusankha kozolowereka, komanso zomwe zakhala zikupanga njira zatsopano za DNA. Kutha kwa ma LMO kuwononga zinyalala zowopsa ndikofunikira.
19. Kodi kwenikweni mankhwala a cloning amatanthauza chiyani, ndipo motani?
DNA kapena gawo la chingwe cha DNA limapangidwanso pakupanga mankhwala. Nthawi zina amatchedwa somatic cell nuclear transfer. Miluza yokhala ndi stem cell imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga cloning.
Maselo a embryonic stem amatha kusinthika ndipo amakhala ochulukirapo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amatha kukhala mitundu yoposa 220 ya maselo omwe amapezeka m'thupi la munthu.
20. Ndi njira ziti zomwe zimatengedwa kuti mudziwe mlingo poyesa mankhwala atsopano?
Ndimayamba ndi kuganizira msinkhu wa wodwala, kulemera kwake, ndi thanzi lake lonse pofufuza kuchuluka kwa mankhwala oti ndimupatse. Kenako ndimaganizira za matenda aliwonse omwe alipo komanso zizindikiro zomwe akuwonetsa.
Mlingo woyenera kwambiri umawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito algorithm yomwe ndidapanga pogwiritsa ntchito ukatswiri wanga waukadaulo. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa zimawonetsetsa kuti odwala amwa mlingo woyenera wamankhwala popanda kupitirira malire.
21. Kodi njira yosinthira majini ndi chiyani?
Kutembenuka kwa Gene ndi mtundu wa DNA genetic recombination chochitika. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri pamagulu a meiotic, koma zimachitikanso m'maselo a somatic. Titha kutumiza zambiri za DNA kuchokera ku DNA helix kupita ku ina yomwe ndondomeko yake yasinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi.
Njirayi ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kukwaniritsa kusintha kwa majini. Zitha kubweretsa cholowa chomwe si cha Mendelian. Izi nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa pamitanda ya fungal.
22. Kodi mungatanthauzire kachiromboka ndi kutchula zina zodziwika bwino za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda?
Mawu akuti pathogen amatanthauza chamoyo chilichonse chomwe chimadya zamoyo zina. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timafalitsidwa ndi unyinji wa ngalande, kuphatikizapo kukhudza ndege, mwachindunji kapena mosalunjika, kugonana, magazi, ndi madzi ena amthupi.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kukhala ma virus, mabakiteriya, kapena mafangasi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timayambitsa matenda nthawi zambiri timadwala, koma titha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuthetsa tizirombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kuthana ndi matenda omwe amatulutsa, monga katemera wa chimfine.
23. Tikufuna kupanga zida zathu zopangira opaleshoni kukhala zotetezeka. Kodi mungagwiritse ntchito chiyani kuti muwalimbikitse?
Chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri ndi choyenera pazida zopangira opaleshoni chifukwa ndi chopepuka komanso champhamvu, ndikupangitsa kuti chikhale choyenera pazachipatala. Ndinagwirapo ntchito ndi maopaleshoni omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida za kampani yathu, kotero ndikudziwa kuti adapangidwa kale ndi chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri.
Komabe, ndikadakhala ndikupanga mzere watsopano wazogulitsa, ndikadaganiziranso kuphatikiza titaniyamu pakusakaniza. Ndi yolimba kuposa chitsulo koma yopepuka kuposa aluminiyamu.
24. Kodi RCCS ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
RCCS ndi chidule cha rotary cell culture system. Ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu microgravity kupanga magulu atatu a cell. NASA idapanga chida ichi kuti chiwunikire ma cell a nyama, kuphatikiza anthu, mu microgravity.
Minofu yopangidwa mu RCCS ndi yayikulu, yamitundu itatu, ndipo imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi mankhwala ofanana ndi minofu wamba. Chifukwa RCCS ilibe magawo osuntha, maselo sawonongeka pang'ono ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wautali.
25. Kodi mwagwiritsa ntchito bwanji mapulogalamu apakompyuta kapena mapulogalamu kuti muwongolere njira zachipatala kapena zida?
Mu gawo langa lakale, ndinali m'gulu lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito MATLAB ndi LabVIEW kupanga zida zachipatala zatsopano. Mapulogalamu awiriwa atithandiza kupanga mwachangu ma prototypes azinthu zathu ndikuziyesa tisanamalize kupanga.
Mapulogalamuwa adagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuwunika zambiri za anthu omwe anayesa zinthu zathu.
26. Fotokozani chitsanzo cha biological neuron. Kodi chimasiyanitsa ndi chiyani ndi neuroni yopangira?
Mtundu wa biological neuron umadziwikanso kuti spiking neuron model. Mtundu uwu ndi chiwonetsero cha masamu cha mikhalidwe ya cell ya minyewa kapena neuron.
Mtunduwu wapangidwa kuti uzidziwiratu ndi kufotokoza zochitika zamoyo. Izi zimasiyana ndi ma neuroni ochita kupanga chifukwa ma neurons opangira amatengera mphamvu zowerengera. Kutulutsa kwa neuron kochita kupanga kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kulemera kwa synaptic.
27. Kodi chiwalo choimirira n'chiyani kwenikweni?
Ndi chida chopangira chomwe chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa chigawo chotayika chamthupi. Zimatengera lingaliro la biomechatronics. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa ziwalo za thupi zomwe zinatayika panthawi yobadwa, chifukwa cha kuvulala, kapena chifukwa cha chilema.
Choyipa chachikulu cha ziwalo zopangira opaleshoni ndizokwera mtengo. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kung'ambika ndi kung'ambika, miyendo yolumikizira iyenera kusinthidwa zaka 3-4 zilizonse. Ngati chiwalocho chili ndi minyewa yokwanira, zitsulo zomwe zili m'mbali ziyenera kusinthidwa kamodzi pamwezi.
28. Kodi n'chiyani chimachititsa kuti ma introns ndi exons azisiyana wina ndi mnzake?
Mndandanda uliwonse wa nucleotide womwe umachotsedwa ku jini ndi RNA splicing kuti apange mtundu womaliza wa RNA wokhwima umatchedwa intron. Magawo onse a DNA omwe amapezeka mkati mwa jini ndi gawo lofananira muzolemba za RNA amatchedwa introns.
Majini ambiri a zamoyo komanso ma virus ambiri amakhala ndi ma introns.
Exon ndi mndandanda wa DNA kapena zolemba za RNA za imodzi. kuyankhula mokulira. Mndandanda wa nucleic acid wotchedwa exon ukhoza kupezeka mu mawonekedwe okhwima a molekyulu ya RNA.
29. Ndi chiyani chomwe chimasiyanitsa ma retrovirus ndi ma provirus?
Enzyme ya reverse transcriptase ndiyofunika kukopera kachilombo ka retrovirus, kachilombo ka RNA komwe kamatha kupatsira selo lokhalako. Ma genome ake a RNA atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga DNA. Integrase enzyme pambuyo pake imaphatikiza DNA yopangidwa kumene mu genome ya wolandirayo.
Kenako kachilombo ka RNA kamaberekana mwa kulowa mu DNA ya selo lokhalako. Banja la ma virus la Retroviridae limaphatikizapo ma virus ophimbidwa omwe amadziwika kuti retroviruses.
Provirus ndi kachilombo komwe genome yake imatha kumangirira ku DNA ya cell yomwe imalowa. M'matenda a virus omwe angokhala chete, kachilomboka kamafalikira kudzera mu kubwereza kwa selo lomwe limakhalapo m'malo mwa lokha. Vutoli limatha kupitilira mibadwo ingapo ya ma cell.
30. Kodi mumakhulupirira kuti uinjiniya wa biomedical ukupita mbali iti?
Zambiri zitha kuchitika ndi biomedical engineering, m'malingaliro anga. Popeza itha kutithandiza kupanga zida zamankhwala zosinthidwa makonda pamtengo wotsika, ndili ndi chidwi kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosindikiza wa 3D m'derali.
Komabe, ndikudziwa kuti kuphatikiza ukadaulo watsopano m'malo azachipatala kungakhale kovuta. Ndikanayesetsa kuphatikizira matekinoloje atsopanowa ndikusunga zofunikira zachitetezo.
Kutsiliza
Pophatikiza sayansi ya uinjiniya ndi sayansi yazachilengedwe komanso machitidwe azachipatala, uinjiniya wa biomedical ndi phunziro lomwe limawonjezera chidziwitso mu engineering, biology, ndi zamankhwala pomwe likulimbikitsanso thanzi la anthu.
Kuti ndikuthandizeni kuyankhulana, nayi mafunso abwino kwambiri oyankhulana ndi mainjiniya a biomedical, kuyambira osavuta mpaka ovuta. Mwaona Mndandanda wa Mafunso a Hashdork kuti muthandizidwe pokonzekera zoyankhulana.
Siyani Mumakonda