M'ndandanda wazopezekamo[Bisani][Show]
Mafilimu ambiri apangidwa kwa zaka zambiri ndipo amatisonyeza mmene moyo ungakhalire ngati maloboti atalanda dziko lapansi.
Ngakhale kuti chowonadi chingasiyane kwambiri ndi zimene mafilimuwa amaonetsa, mfundo imodzi imene iyenera kunyalanyazidwa n’njakuti maloboti apita patsogolo kuchoka ku zinthu zongopeka m’mafilimu kupita ku zochitika zenizeni m’mafakitale ndi m’madera a anthu m’zaka makumi asanu zapitazi.
Anthu pawokha komanso magulu amakampani akudalira kwambiri ukadaulo wamaloboti anzeru kuti achite zinthu zingapo zolimbitsa thupi popeza maloboti amalumikizana kwambiri ndi moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku.
Amachulukitsa chitetezo cha anthu, amachepetsa nthawi yocheperako, ndikuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito kuwonjezera pakuchita bwino komanso kupanga m'mafakitale.
Tsopano tili mu nthawi ya digito.
Komabe, nthawi ya maloboti itifikira posachedwa. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, tsiku silidzakhala kutali pomwe mudzakhala ndi robot yosamalira maudindo anu onse.
Tikupereka kale ntchito kwa othandizira athu, chifukwa cha kukwera kwa nzeru zochita kupanga ukadaulo wothandizira mapulogalamu monga Alexa kapena Siri.
Kodi Robotic ndi chiyani?
Ma robotiki ndi njira yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imaphatikiza sayansi, uinjiniya, ndiukadaulo.
Zimaphatikizapo kupanga, kupanga, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makina otchedwa maloboti kuti agwire ntchito zomwe anthu amazichita kapena kusintha zochita za anthu.
Cholinga cha robotics ndikupanga makina omwe angathandize komanso kuthandiza anthu.
Ma robotiki ndi mapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito a zida zomwe zimatha kugwira ntchito zolimbitsa thupi paokha kapena modziyimira pawokha kwa anthu.
Maloboti nthawi zambiri amachita zinthu zobwerezabwereza kapena zosatetezeka kuti anthu azichita bwino.
Maloboti amakina amalumikizana ndi chilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito masensa, ma actuators, ndi kukonza deta. Akatswiri opanga ma robotiki ayenera kukhala ndi maziko abwino muukadaulo wamakina, uinjiniya wamagetsi, ndi mapulogalamu apakompyuta.
Maloboti ndi gawo lodziwika bwino komanso limodzi mwamabizinesi omwe akukula mwachangu, ndipo zachitika zambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Kuphunzira makina, luntha lochita kupanga, ndi zotsogola zina zaukadaulo zapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kulowa mgululi.
Maloboti amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana masiku ano; makampani monga maloboti, chifukwa amawathandiza kupanga zinthu zambiri mogwira mtima.
Kodi Mitundu Yamaloboti Ndi Chiyani?
Maloboti amasiyana m’njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kaonekedwe kawo, kukula kwake, kapangidwe kawo, ntchito zimene angachite, kuchuluka kwa ufulu umene ali nawo, ndi zina zotero.
Maloboti amatha kukhala ang'onoang'ono ngati 0.2 mm (RoboBee) kapena kutalika kwa 200 metres (Vindskip). Zitha kukhazikitsidwa kapena kusuntha, zimafunika kuyang'aniridwa ndi anthu, kapena kuyenda bwino pa malangizo omwe adakonzedweratu, ophunzitsidwa bwino komanso luso lopangira zisankho.
Maloboti amagawidwa m'magulu anayi. Mitundu yake ndi iyi:
- Ma robot opangidwa kale
- Maloboti a Humanoid
- Maloboti odziyimira pawokha
- Maloboti oyendetsedwa ndi telefoni
Ma robot opangidwa kale
Maloboti okonzedweratu amagwira ntchito pamalo oyambira, oyendetsedwa bwino ndipo safuna nzeru zochita kupanga machitidwe owongolera kuti agwire ntchito.
Maloboti omwe adakonzedwa kale ndi omwe amayenera kudziwitsidwa zomwe akuyenera kuchita pasadakhale ndikukwaniritsa pulogalamuyo.
Dzanja lamakina kapena chingwe cholumikizira magalimoto chingakhale zitsanzo za mtundu uwu wa makina a robotic.
Loboti yokonzedweratu idzakhazikitsidwa kuti igwire ntchito inayake, ndipo idzapitirizabe kugwira ntchito mofulumira, mogwira mtima kwambiri, komanso kwa nthawi yaitali kuposa momwe anthu angagwirire ntchito.
Maloboti a Humanoid
Maloboti a Humanoid ndi omwe anthu ambiri amawawona akamaganiza za maloboti. Malobotiwa anapangidwa kuti azifanana kapena kutengera khalidwe la munthu.
Maloboti a Humanoid nthawi zambiri amachita zinthu ngati anthu monga kuthamanga ndi kunyamula katundu, ndipo nthawi zina amapangidwa kuti aziwoneka ngati ndi kutsanzira thupi la munthu, mawonekedwe a nkhope, komanso momwe akumvera.
Mpaka pano, maloboti ochepa a humanoid apangidwa ndipo akugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Maloboti odziyimira pawokha
Ma robotiki odziyimira pawokha nthawi zambiri amawonedwa ngati gawo laluntha lochita kupanga, ma robotiki, komanso uinjiniya wazidziwitso.
Popanda kuyang'aniridwa ndi anthu mwachindunji, malobotiwa amagwira ntchito pawokha, mwanzeru, komanso amagwirizana ndi malo omwe amakhala.
Iwo ali ndi "kudziyimira pawokha" chifukwa ndi ntchito ya makina kuzindikira ndi kuyankha kusintha kwa chilengedwe.
Malobotiwa amakhala ndi masensa omangidwa omwe angawathandize kupanga ziweruzo potengera maphunziro awo.
Maloboti oyeretsa m'nyumba, maloboti odula udzu, ma drones odziyimira pawokha, maloboti othandizira azachipatala, ndi zina zotero ndi zitsanzo zodziwika bwino za malobotiwa.
Maloboti oyendetsedwa ndi telefoni
Maloboti oyendetsedwa ndi telefoni nthawi zambiri amakhala odziyimira pawokha ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito netiweki yopanda zingwe kuti alole kuyang'aniridwa ndi anthu akutali.
Maloboti oyendetsedwa ndi telefoni ndi ma semi-autonomous bots omwe amagwiritsa ntchito netiweki yopanda zingwe kuti alole kuwongolera kwakutali kwa anthu.
Maloboti amenewa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta, nyengo, ndi zochitika.
Sitima zapamadzi zoyendetsedwa ndi anthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza kuphulika kwa mapaipi apansi pa nyanja panthawi yomwe mafuta a BP adatayira ndi zitsanzo za maloboti oyendetsedwa ndi telefoni, monga momwe ma drone amagwiritsidwira ntchito kupeza mabomba okwirira pabwalo lankhondo.
Maloboti amenewa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta, nyengo, ndi zochitika.
Kodi ma robotiki amagwiritsa ntchito chiyani?
Malinga ndi malipoti, maloboti amakampani amapitilira 90% ya maloboti onse omwe amagwira ntchito masiku ano.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti mafakitale padziko lonse lapansi ndi omwe amagula maloboti, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito maloboti kunyumba kapena paokha ndikosayenera.
Nawa mapulogalamu apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi a robotic mu 2022:
- Kukweza, kunyamula, kuyika pallet, kusanja, kulongedza, ndi njira zina zofananira zimachitidwa ndi maloboti mubizinesi yonyamula zinthu.
- Maloboti amagwiritsidwa ntchito mubizinesi yofufuza zamankhwala kuti akonze zitsanzo, kusanja, kusanthula, ndi zina zotero, kwinaku akupewa zoopsa kwa ogwira ntchito ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zolakwika za anthu.
- Maloboti amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga bizinesi kuti achite ntchito zowopsa kapena zosafunikira komanso zobwerezabwereza zomwe zingaphatikizepo kunyamula zolemetsa ndi kuyenda, monga pamizere yolumikizira, kuwotcherera, kupenta, kupanga, ndi zina zotero.
- Mubizinesi yazaumoyo, maloboti amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza njira zowunikira ndi chithandizo, kuchita njira, makamaka maopaleshoni ovuta komanso akutali, ndi zina zotero.
- Maloboti muulimi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukama mkaka ng'ombe, kutola, kusanja, ndi kuyika zokolola m'mafamu, kuchita njira zosiyanasiyana zaulimi pamafamu, kuwongolera moyenera magawo ofunikira paulimi, kusonkhanitsa deta ndi kusanthula pafamuyo, kugwira ntchito ndi ziweto, ndi zina zotero. pa.
- Maloboti omwe amagwira ntchito zadzidzidzi: Maloboti amatha kuyankha mwachangu kuposa anthu ndipo sakhudzidwa ndi malingaliro. Zotsatira zake, oyankha koyamba, magulu oyankha zochitika, ndi mabungwe oyendetsa malamulo amawagwiritsa ntchito. Amapanganso akatswiri abwino kwambiri otaya mabomba komanso mamembala a gulu lofufuza ndi kupulumutsa.
- Zoyeserera zasonyeza kuti maloboti amatha kupanga njerwa mwachangu kanayi kuposa anthu, zomwe zimapangitsa maloboti kukhala ogwira ntchito bwino pantchito yomanga. Atha kuthandiza kunyamula, kunyamula, kumanga, kusanthula, ndi ntchito zina zosiyanasiyana.
- Maloboti m'malo odyera ndi ogulitsa zakudya: Ophika ma robotiki ndi ogulitsa adzakhala otchuka mu 2022.
- Maloboti pakufufuza ndi zofukula zakale, akatswiri aumunthu amatha mpaka pano, ndipo kuwathandiza pofufuza madera ena kungakhale kokwera mtengo. Ndi maloboti, vutoli limathetsedwa mosavuta. Atha kupangidwa kuti akhale okoma mtima komanso osamala kwambiri pantchitoyo kuposa anthu, ndipo amatha kusonkhanitsa ndikusanthula deta mwachangu.
- Asilikali ankhondo akhala akugwiritsa ntchito ma drones ndi ndege zopanda munthu m'maiko osiyanasiyana. Pakali pano, asilikali apanyanja ndi apanyanja amagwiritsa ntchito maloboti pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Palinso mphekesera zonena za ankhondo a roboti am'tsogolo omwe aziyenda m'malire.
- Mabungwe achitetezo achitetezo ndi kuyang'anira anthu ali pachiwopsezo chotaya miyoyo yawo, kapena ochulukirapo angafunike kuti azigwira ntchito mosinthana ndikuwalola kuti azipuma. Maloboti alibe chopinga ichi ndipo amatha kuchita ntchito zofunikira zachitetezo ndi kuyang'anira.
- Maloboti odzipangira okha kunyumba ndi maloboti anzeru apanyumba: Maloboti odzipangira okha kunyumba amathandizira anthu kugwira ntchito zapakhomo zosafunika monga kuyeretsa, kusunga kampani, kuyang'anira thanzi la anthu ena kunyumba, kuyambitsa ma alarm potengera malangizo omwe adakonzedweratu, kukweza zinthu zosavuta, kugwira ntchito zomwe zimayendetsedwa. ndi malangizo opangidwa, ndi zina zotero.
Kodi zigawo zikuluzikulu za Maloboti ndi chiyani?
Maloboti amapangidwa kuti akwaniritse zofuna zambiri ndikugwira ntchito zingapo, ndipo chifukwa chake, amafunikira magawo osiyanasiyana apadera kuti agwire ntchitozi.
Komabe, zigawo zambiri ndizofunikira pakupanga roboti iliyonse, monga magetsi ndi gawo lapakati lopangira. Nthawi zambiri, zida za robotic zitha kugawidwa m'magulu asanu:
- Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito
- masensa
- Actuators
- mphamvu Wonjezerani
- Zomaliza
Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito
Kuwerengera kumaphatikizapo zigawo zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi gawo lapakati la roboti, lomwe nthawi zambiri limadziwika kuti makina ake owongolera.
Makina owongolera amapangidwa kuti alangize loboti momwe angagwiritsire ntchito zida zake zapadera, m'njira yofanana ndi momwe ubongo wamunthu umapatsira zizindikiro mthupi lonse kuti akwaniritse ntchito yomwe wapatsidwa.
Ntchito izi zitha kukhala kuchokera ku maopaleshoni ocheperako pang'ono kupita ku mapaketi amizere.
masensa
Masensa amapereka zolowetsa zamagetsi ku robot, zomwe wolamulira amatanthauzira ndikulola robot kuti igwirizane ndi malo ozungulira.
Zida zodziwikiratu zomwe zili m'maloboti zimaphatikizapo makamera avidiyo omwe amagwira ntchito ngati maso, ma photoresistors omwe amachitira kuwala, ndi maikolofoni omwe amakhala ngati makutu.
Zida zimenezi zimathandiza kuti loboti ijambule malo ozungulira, kudziwa mfundo zomveka bwino malinga ndi mmene zinthu zilili panopa, ndiponso kutumiza malamulo ku zigawo zina.
Actuators
Chida chokha chokhala ndi chimango chosunthika kapena thupi chingatchulidwe kuti loboti. Zomwe zimayambitsa kusunthaku zimadziwika kuti actuators.
Zigawozi zimapangidwa ndi magalimoto omwe amalandira malamulo kuchokera ku kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.
Ma actuators amapangidwa ndi zinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza zitsulo ndi zotanuka, ndipo nthawi zambiri amayendetsedwa ndi mpweya woponderezedwa (ma pneumatic actuators) kapena mafuta (hydraulic actuators), ngakhale amabwera mosiyanasiyana kuti agwire bwino ntchito zawo.
mphamvu Wonjezerani
Maloboti, mofanana ndi thupi la munthu, amafuna mphamvu kuti agwire ntchito. Maloboti osasunthika, monga omwe amawonedwa m'mafakitole, amatha kuyendetsedwa ndi makina osinthira (AC) kudzera pa socket yapakhoma, ngakhale nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi batire yamkati.
Maloboti ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mabatire a asidi wa lead chifukwa ndi otetezeka komanso amakhala ndi moyo wautali, ngakhale kuti ena amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa silver cadmium wocheperako komanso wokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Popanga magetsi a robot, chitetezo, kulemera, kusinthika, ndi moyo wonse ndizofunikira kuziganizira.
Zomaliza
Zomaliza ndizo zigawo zofunika zomwe zimalola ma robot kuti agwire ntchito zawo.
Maloboti akufakitale nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zida zosinthika monga zopopera utoto ndi zobowolera. Maloboti opangira opaleshoni amatha kukhala ndi ma scalpels, ndipo mitundu ina ya maloboti imatha kupangidwa ndi zikhadabo zogwira kapena manja kuti azigwira ntchito ngati mayendedwe, kulongedza, kubalaza bomba, ndi zina zambiri.
ubwino
- Amatha kugwira ntchito popanda cholakwika komanso munthawi yake komanso mogwira mtima.
- Atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumigodi ndikutumizidwa ku Earth Madrid.
- Makampani ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito maloboti kupanga zinthu monga ndege ndi zida zamagalimoto. Popeza maloboti ambiri amakhala ongopanga okha, amatha kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana popanda kufunikira kulowererapo kwa anthu.
- Ali ndi mwayi wodziwa zinthu zomwe anthu alibe.
kuipa
- Choyipa chachikulu ndichakuti ngati pulogalamu ya loboti igwera m'manja olakwika, imatha kubweretsa vuto lalikulu.
- Monga tonse tikudziwira, maloboti amagwira ntchito molingana ndi pulogalamu yomwe idayikidwamo. Chifukwa chake, kupatula pulogalamu yomwe idayikidwa, ma robot sangachite china chilichonse.
- Amatha kusunga deta yochuluka, koma sizothandiza monga zathu ubongo wamunthu.
- Ayenera kupatsidwa mphamvu kuti agwire ntchito. Ogwira ntchito m'makampani amatha kutaya ntchito ngati maloboti awalowa m'malo.
Kutsiliza
Ndi zomwe zachitika mwaukadaulo, gawo la robotics lasintha kwambiri.
Chitsanzo chimodzi ndikubwera kwa data yayikulu, yomwe imapereka mwayi wowonjezera luso la mapulogalamu mu makina a robotic.
Chitsanzo china ndikugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yatsopano ya masensa ndi zida zolumikizidwa kuti ziwunikire zosintha zachilengedwe monga kutentha, kuthamanga kwa mpweya, kuwala, kuyenda, ndi zina.
Zonsezi zimapindulitsa ma robotic ndikupanga maloboti ovuta komanso anzeru kuti agwiritse ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kupanga, thanzi ndi chitetezo, komanso chithandizo cha anthu.
Ukadaulo wa robotic walowa mbali iliyonse ya moyo wathu. Maloboti sikuti amangokweza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa; akukwezanso milingo yogwira ntchito bwino ndi zokolola m'magawo aliwonse omwe angaganizidwe.
Zochita zambiri zomwe ndizowopsa kwambiri pantchito ya anthu tsopano zikugwiridwa ndi maloboti, kuteteza moyo wamunthu komanso moyo wabwino.
Maloboti amatha kuchita zomwezi mobwerezabwereza osafuna kupuma, pomwe anthu sangathe.
Siyani Mumakonda