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Nkhaniyi idzazungulira ma modules ndi phukusi mu Python.
Ndi njira yopangira ma code anu ngati mafayilo ndipo ndi ofunikira ngati mukufuna kupanga mapulogalamu a pa intaneti ndi Python.
zigawo
Module mu Python kwenikweni ndi fayilo yokhala ndi code ya python yomwe timagwiritsa ntchito kukonza ma code athu kukhala mafayilo. Ganizirani izi ngati magawo mu supermarket. Mukapita ku supermarket pali magawo osiyanasiyana a zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, zotsukira ndi zina. Simuwona gawo limodzi ndi zinthu zonse.
Ndilo lingaliro lomwelo pamapulogalamu. M'malo molemba ma code athu onse ndi ntchito zonse ndi makalasi mu main.py, timagawa code yathu kukhala mafayilo angapo. Fayilo iliyonse imatchedwa module. Ndi izi, sikuti ma code athu amakonzedwa bwino komanso opangidwa bwino, komanso timatha kugwiritsanso ntchito nambala yathu. Tiyeni tione kupyolera mu chitsanzo.
Tiyeni tifotokoze ntchito ziwiri zosinthira kulemera kuchokera pa mapaundi kupita ku ma kilogalamu ndi mosemphanitsa.
def lbs_to_kg(weight):
return weight * 0.45
def kg_to_lbs(weight):
return weight / 0.45
Tsopano, tikhoza kutenga ntchito ziwirizi ndikuziyika mu gawo lina lotchedwa "converters", ndiyeno likhoza kutumizidwa ku pulogalamu iliyonse yomwe ikufunika ntchito zosinthira izi. Ndiroleni ndikuwonetseni momwe mungachitire izi.
Tiyeni titsegule gulu lathu la projekiti ndikudina kumanja polojekiti ndikuwonjezera fayilo yatsopano. Titcha fayiloyi "Converters.py".
Tsopano koperani kachidindo kuchokera pafayilo yokhazikika ndikuyiyika mu "Converters.py".
Ndi izi, tatsuka gawo lathu lalikulu ndipo silimatupa ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Pamene tikulemba ntchito zambiri ndi makalasi, timaziyika m'ma module awo ogwirizana. Module iyenera kukhala ndi ntchito zonse zokhudzana ndi makalasi. Tsopano, tikufuna kulowetsa gawo losinthira kukhala gawo lathu la pulogalamu. Kuti muchite izi, lembani import converters
pamwamba popanda kuwonjezera ".py".
Titha kupeza mamembala a gawoli pogwiritsa ntchito madontho ofanana ndi njira.
Tiyeni tisinthe 70 kg kukhala mapaundi:
Palinso syntax ina yotengera ma module. M'malo moitanitsa gawo lonse, titha kuitanitsa ntchito zina kuchokera mugawolo. Tikhoza kulemba from Converters import
ndikudina "control + space kuti muwonetse mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zilipo. Ndi ichi, tikhoza kutchula mwachindunji ntchitoyi.
Masewera olimbitsa thupi
Nayi zochita zanu.
Izi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe taphunzira munkhani yomwe tidakambirana "kwa malupu” komwe tidalemba pulogalamu yoti tipeze nambala yayikulu kwambiri pamndandanda
numbers = [8, 3, 6, 10, 5]
max = numbers[0]
for number in numbers:
if number > max:
max = number
print(max)
Khodi iyi pakadali pano ilibe bungwe. Tilibe ntchito kapena ma module ndipo pulogalamuyi imalembedwa mufayilo imodzi. Izi ndi zabwino pamapulogalamu ang'onoang'ono koma mapulogalamu anu akamakula, muyenera kukonza bwino ma code anu m'makalasi ndi ma module. Chifukwa chake, monga gawo lazochita izi, ndikufuna kuti mulembe ntchito, itchuleni find_max
. Ntchitoyi iyenera kutenga mndandanda ndikubweza nambala yayikulu kwambiri pamndandandawo. Pambuyo pake, pitirirani ndikuyika ntchitoyi mu gawo lina, lichotseni apa ndikuyiyika mu module yotchedwa utils
. Module iyi iyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza. Tengani katundu wa utils
module mu module yamakono ndikuyimba find_max
ntchito. Pomaliza, pezani zotsatira ndikuzisindikiza pa terminal.
Zochita izi ndizovuta pang'ono koma zotheka mosavuta.
Anakonza
Yambani ndi kufotokoza ntchito find_max
ndikuwonjezera parameter yotchedwa manambala. Mkati mwa ntchitoyi, lembani algorithm yopezera nambala yayikulu kwambiri pamndandanda.
def find_max(numbers):
max = numbers[0]
for number in numbers:
if number > max:
max = number
return max
Sungani code iyi mufayilo "utils.py" ngati gawo.
Bwererani ku pulogalamu yathu yayikulu, ingolowetsani gawoli ndi imodzi mwamawu awiriwa ndikungopereka malingalirowo.
Chinthu chimodzi, ndiyenera kubweretsa chidwi chanu kwa iwo omwe akunyozedwa max
. Chifukwa chake ndi max
ndi ntchito yomangidwa mu Python ndipo tikuyimasuliranso. Ndiye ili ndi chenjezo lochokera kwa a Python compiler kuti sitingagwiritsenso ntchito max ngati ntchito yake yomangidwira.
Ma Module Omangidwa mu Python
Python imabwera ndi laibulale yokhazikika yomwe ili ndi ma module angapo a ntchito zomwe wamba monga kutumiza maimelo, kugwira ntchito ndi tsiku ndi nthawi, kupanga zikhalidwe zachisawawa ndi mapasiwedi ndi zina zotero. Pali ma module ambiri omwe adapangidwa kale mu Python zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pali kale magwiridwe antchito ambiri omwe titha kugwiritsanso ntchito. Mutha kupeza ma module awa Pano.
phukusi
Phukusi ndi njira inanso yosinthira ma code athu pamwamba pa ma module. Pulojekiti yeniyeni imatha kukhala ndi mazana kapena masauzande a ma module ndipo pakapita nthawi chikwatu chathu chimadzaza ndi mafayilo ambiri. Chifukwa chake, njira yabwino ndikukonza ma module ogwirizana mkati mwa phukusi lomwe limapangitsa phukusi kukhala chidebe cha ma module angapo.
Chikwatu chatsopano chikuwonjezedwa ku pulojekitiyi ndipo ma module onse okhudzana nawo amawonjezedwa ku bukhuli. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani za malo ogulitsira. Pali magawo osiyanasiyana a zovala za amuna, akazi ndi ana m'misika yomwe ili ngati phukusi. Gawo lirilonse liri ndi madera osiyanasiyana azinthu zosiyanasiyana monga nsapato, t-shirts ndi jekete. Ganizirani izi ngati ma module.
Tiyeni tiwone, momwe mungapangire ndikugwiritsa ntchito phukusi mu Python.
Choyamba, onjezani chikwatu chatsopano kuchokera pagulu la polojekiti. Tiyeni tizitcha "eCommerce". Phukusili likhala ndi ma module onse okhudzana ndi pulogalamu ya eCommerce.
Ikadali chikwatu chopanda kanthu ndikuchisintha kukhala phukusi, tifunika kupanga fayilo yapadera momwemo. Onjezani fayilo yatsopano ya python mu bukhuli ndikutchula fayiloyo "__init__". Ndi msonkhano wapadera ku Python ndipo womasulira wa Python akawona fayilo yomwe ili ndi dzina ili m'ndandanda, imagwiritsa ntchito bukhuli ngati phukusi.
Tilinso ndi njira ina komanso yachidule yopangira phukusi. Ingodinani kumanja gulu la polojekiti ndikupanga phukusi la Python pamndandanda. Tchulani "eCommerce" ndipo ndi momwemo. Ingopanga chikwatu chokhala ndi fayilo ya Python yotchedwa "__init__".
Tsopano, tiyeni tipange gawo mu phukusi ndikulitcha "kutumiza". Mugawoli, tiyeni tipange ntchito yosavuta yowerengera ndalama zotumizira.
def calc_shipping():
print("calc_shipping")
Kuti tipeze ntchitoyi mu gawo lathu lalikulu, tiyenera kuyipeza kudzera mu phukusi la e-commerce. Apanso tili ndi njira ziwiri zogulitsira gawoli.
Mu njira yoyamba, tikhoza kuitanitsa gawo lonse ndikuyitana ntchito mopanda motere:
import eCommerce.shipping
eCommerce.shipping.calc_shipping()
Komabe, ndi njira iyi, kuyitanira imodzi mwazochita ku gawoli kumafuna kuyika patsogolo eCommerce.shipping.
Izi ndi zomveka kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, tikamagwira ntchito ndi phukusi nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito njira yachiwiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito from
mawu.
from eCommerce.shipping import calc_shipping
calc_shipping()
Ngati muli ndi magwiridwe antchito angapo mugawo limodzi mutha kulowetsa zonse mumzere umodzi pogwiritsa ntchito koma pakati pawo. Tinene kuti pali ntchito ina yowerengera msonkho mu gawo lathu lotumizira. Izi zidzatumizidwa motere:
from eCommerce.shipping import calc_shipping, calc_tax
Mukhozanso kuitanitsa ma modules payekha ndikusiya ntchito kuti zidzayitanidwe mtsogolo mu pulogalamuyi. Tiyeni titengere gawo la kutumiza ndikugwiritsira ntchito madontho kuti tiyitane ntchitoyi calc_shipping.
from eCommerce import shipping
shipping.calc_shipping()
Womba mkota!
Phukusi ndi Ma modules ndizofunikira kwambiri mu Python. Makamaka, mukafuna kugwira ntchito ndi chimango ngati Django chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti ndi Python. Tidzayang'ana ku Django pamaphunziro ena a Python.
Imeneyi inali nkhani yomaliza ya m’nkhanizi. Nkhani yotsatira idzachoka pamtundu wathu wanthawi zonse ndipo tiphunzira zina zofunika kugwiritsa ntchito Python. Izi ziwonetsa kutha kwa mndandandawu ndipo tipitilira mndandanda wathu wotsatira wa Python. Khalani tcheru kwa izo.
Siyani Mumakonda