Quantum computing bụ teknụzụ ọhụrụ na-eji quantum physics dozie okwu ndị karịrị ike kọmputa ọdịnala.
Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-anwa ugbu a ime ka ọtụtụ iri puku ndị mmepe nweta ngwaike quantum n'ezie, ngwá ọrụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị rọrọ naanị ihe dị ka iri afọ atọ gara aga.
N'ihi nke a, ndị injinia anyị na-ebugharị kọmpụta quantum na-esiwanye ike, na-eme ka anyị bịarukwuo ọsọ ọsọ na ikike dị mkpa iji gbanwee ụwa.
Na post a, anyị ga-eleba anya nke ọma nhazi ato yana ngwa na usoro ndị na-eso ya, yana ebe ha ga-anọ na 2022.
Kedu ihe bụ Quantum Computing?
Ewubere nnukwu kọmpụta ndị a n'ụkpụrụ nke superposition na ntinye, nke bụ akụkụ abụọ nke physics quantum. Kọmputa quantum nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ ugbu a n'ọnụọgụ bụ iwu dị ukwuu karịa kọmpụta ọdịnala ebe ha na-eji ike dị obere.
N'afọ ndị 1980, ebe mgbakọ quantum bilitere. Mgbe ahụ, e kpughere na quantum algọridim na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma karịa ihe ha na-emebu na-edozi ụfọdụ ọrụ kọmputa.
Mgbakọ Quantum bụ ọzụzụ sayensị kọmputa na-elekwasị anya na ọganihu nke teknụzụ kọmputa dabere na echiche quantum. Ọ na-eji ike pụrụ iche nke subatomic particles adị n'ọtụtụ steeti n'otu oge, dị ka 0 na 1. Ha nwere ike ịhazi data nke ukwuu karịa kọmputa nkịtị.
A na-eji ọnọdụ quantum nke ihe mepụta qubit na arụ ọrụ mgbako quantum. Qubits bụ nkeji data bụ isi nke kọmpụta quantum. Na mgbakọ quantum, ha na-arụ otu ọrụ nke bits na-arụ na mgbakọ nkịtị, mana ha na-akpa àgwà dị iche iche.
Omenala ibe n'ibe bụ ọnụọgụ abụọ na nwere ike idowe naanị 0 ma ọ bụ 1, ebe qubits nwere ike ịgụnye a superposition nke niile kwere omume na steeti.
Framework kacha mma maka Mgbakọ Quantum
1. Circq
Ndị otu Google Quantum AI wuru Cirq. A na-eji ya chepụta ma kwalite sekit quantum nke a na-anwale na kọmpụta quantum na simulators. Cirq dị egwu ebe ọ na-enye simulators mmepe yiri nke a na-ahụ na ndụ n'ezie.
Nke a na-egosi na ọbá akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ ya site na nkọwa ngwaike gbara NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum) ka anyị wee jide n'aka na algorithm ma ọ bụ sekit nwere ike ịgba ọsọ na ezigbo kọmpụta quantum ka emechara ya.
N'ihi ya, ọ nwere ike iji mee ihe iji mepụta sekit quantum na-agbanwe agbanwe na nke a ga-ebugharị. Ọ nwekwara atụmatụ interoperability. Akụrụngwa na-ebubata ma na-ebupụ sekit quantum na simulations, dịka ọmụmaatụ.
Usoro maka mmemme kọmputa quantum nke mepere emepe. Cirq bụ a Python ngwungwu ngwanrọ na-enye gị ohere ịmepụta, megharịa, na ịkwalite sekit quantum tupu ime ya na kọmpụta quantum na simulators.
Cirq bụ abstraction na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma maka imeso kọmpụta ọnụ ọgụgụ dị n'etiti oke mkpọtụ nke oge a, ebe ihe ngwaike chọrọ dị oke mkpa maka inweta nsonaazụ kacha mma.
atụmatụ
- Site na ọnụ ụzọ ámá na-arụ ọrụ na qubits, ị nwere ike ịmụta ka esi emepụta sekit quantum. Mụta ihe bụ oge na ka ụzọ ntinye dị iche iche nwere ike isi nyere gị aka n'ịrụ sekit gị kacha mma. Mụta otu esi ewepụ sekit na dice iji mepụta sekit ọhụrụ na emelitere.
- Mgbochi teknụzụ nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ma enwere ike itinye sekit na ngwaike nke oge a. Mụta ka esi ahazi Google Quantum Computing Ọrụ yana otu esi emepụta ngwaọrụ iji gboo oke ndị a.
- Ma ọrụ ebili mmiri na matrices njupụta arụrụla simulator na Cirq. Enwere ike iji simulations Monte Carlo ma ọ bụ njupụta matriks zuru oke iji gboo ọwa ọnụọgụgụ mkpọtụ.
- Iji mee nnwale na ndị nrụpụta quantum nke Google, Cirq na-arụkọ ọrụ na ọrụ Quantum Computing.
2. ProjectQ
ETH Zurich kere ProjectQ, ihe owuwu sọftụwia mgbakọ na mwepụ nke mepere emepe. Ọ na-enye ihe siri ike na kwụ ọtọ syntax maka ndị ọrụ imepụta ngwa quantum na Python. ProjectQ nwere ike ịtụgharị script ndị a ka ọ bụrụ ụdị azụ azụ ọ bụla, ma ọ bụ simulator kọmputa oge gboo ma ọ bụ ihe nrụpụta quantum.
ProjectQ nwere ike ịtụgharị ngwa ndị a ka ọ bụrụ ụdị azụ azụ ọ bụla, dị ka simulator kọmputa oge gboo ma ọ bụ ihe nrụpụta quantum, dị ka ikpo okwu ahụmịhe nke IBM Quantum.
atụmatụ
- IT bụ ọkwa dị elu asụsụ mmemme maka mmemme quantum.
- Ọ nwere ihe nchịkọta modular na nke nwere ike ime mgbanwe.
- Ọ na-enyekwa ọtụtụ ngwaike na ngwanrọ azụ azụ.
- Ọbá akwụkwọ kọmpụta quantum (FermiLib) maka idozi nsogbu ụmụ nwanyị
- IBM Quantum Experience mgbawa, ngwaọrụ AQT, AWS Braket, na ngwaọrụ ndị enyere ọrụ IonQ nwere ike iji mee ihe niile iji mee algọridim quantum.
- N'ọkwa dị elu nke abstraction, enwere ike iṅomi mmemme quantum (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na-eṅomi omume nke nnukwu okwu kama ịchịkọta ha n'ọnụ ụzọ dị ala)
- Na kọmpụta oge gboo, enwere ike ịme mmemme quantum.
3. Tensoflow Quantum
The Python framework TensorFlow Quantum (TFQ) bụ maka quantum ngwa igwe. TFQ bụ usoro ngwa TensorFlow nke na-enye ohere ka quantum algọridim na ndị na-eme nchọpụta igwe na-eme nchọpụta ka ha jiri usoro nhazi mgbakọ na mwepụ Google ozugbo site na TensorFlow.
TensorFlow Quantum bụ mmemme na-elekwasị anya na data quantum yana imepụta ụdị ngwakọ oge gboo. Ọ na-ejikọta usoro mgbako quantum nke Cirq haziri na mgbagha na TensorFlow APIs, yana simulators quantum sekit arụ ọrụ dị elu.
Enwere ike iji usoro TFQ na-agba ọsọ ma ụdị ọdịnala na ngwakọ, dị ka Quantum CNN (QCNN). N'ihi ya, enwere ike iji TFQ mee ihe maka nsogbu ọ bụla nke na-agaghị ekwe omume ịza na mbụ site na iji usoro omenala. Iji zaa ụfọdụ nsogbu ụwa n'ezie, malite na TFQ ka imepụta ụdị ngwakọ quantum ma ọ bụ quantum-classical classic.
atụmatụ
- Ndị na-eme nchọpụta nwere ike iji TFQ mepụta tenors site na iji datasets quantum, quantum model, na akara njikwa omenala na otu netwọk mgbakọ.
- A na-eji tensors na-echekwa data quantum (ọnụọgụ ọtụtụ akụkụ). Akọwara tensor nke data quantum ọ bụla dị ka sekit quantum Cirq nke na-emepụta data quantum na ijiji.
- Onye nchọcha a nwere ike iji Cirq mee ihe n'ụdị ọnụọgụgụ neural network nke a ga-etinye na eserese TensorFlow ma emechaa.
- Ikike iji zụọ ma mebie ọtụtụ sekit quantum bụ akụkụ bụ isi nke TensorFlow Quantum.
4. Percevel
Perceval bụ usoro mepere emepe maka mmemme kọmpụta fotonic quantum nke Perceval mepụtara, azụmahịa French na-elekwasị anya na iwulite ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke kọmpụta quantum dabere na njikwa ọkụ.
Perceval na-enye ngwaọrụ maka imepụta sekit sitere na ngwa ngwa anya ahịrị, na-akọwa isi mmalite foto otu, na-emegharị steeti Fock, na-agba ọsọ simulations, na-ebipụta akwụkwọ nnwale ebipụtara, yana ịnwale ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke quantum algọridim site na Python API dị mfe.
Ebumnuche ya bụ ịbụ ngwa ọrụ ibe maka ịmepụta sekit photonic quantum - maka ịmegharị na imezi atụmatụ ha, na-egosiputa ma omume dị mma na nke n'ezie, yana ịnye interface ahaziri ahazi iji chịkwaa ha site na echiche nke azụ azụ.
Emebere ya ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na desktọpụ mpaghara, yana ọtụtụ nkwalite maka ụyọkọ HPC, ma na-enye ohere ịnweta azụ azụ ọkaibe maka ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ na ihe atụ nke quantum algọridim na sekit photonic.
Ị nwekwara ike iji ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ihe arụrụ arụ ọrụ iji mepụta algọridim na sekit optics linear gbagwojuru anya. Enwere ike ịnweta ọbá akwụkwọ nke algọridim a ma ama, yana nkuzi maka otu esi eji ha eme ihe.
Ịnwekwara ike iji ahịrị koodu ole na ole iji mee nnwale iji mezie algọridim dị mma, tulee na data nnwale, wee mepụtaghachi mbipụta ebipụtara.
atụmatụ
- Ihe owuwu nke otu ụdị raara onwe ya nye kpam kpam na ngwa anya linear na computing photonic quantum
- Ihe oru ngo a bu oru mepere emepe nwere ihe owuwu modular nke na-anabata onyinye obodo.
- N'iji nnukwu ọbá akwụkwọ nke ihe arụgoro arụgoro, mepụta algọridim na sekit optics linear gbagwojuru anya. Enwere ike ịnweta ọbá akwụkwọ nke algọridim a ma ama, yana nkuzi maka otu esi eji ha eme ihe.
- Nwalee algọridim ka ị mezie ha nke ọma, tulee ha na data nnwale, ma detuo akwụkwọ ndị dị adị n'ahịrị koodu ole na ole.
- Iji ṅomie quantum algọridim na sekit photonic, jiri ọkaibe azụ azụ. Emebere Perceval ka ọ na-agba ọsọ na desktọpụ mpaghara n'ihe gbasara ma ọnụọgụgụ yana arụmọrụ ihe atụ, yana ọtụtụ nkwalite maka ụyọkọ HPC.
5. Qiskit
Anyị maara na ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu maka teknụzụ ọgbọ na-abịa, IBM ga-enwe ihe ọ ga-enye. Ọ na-eme n'ezie. QisKit bụ ikpo okwu mepere emepe maka ịmepụta ngwanrọ quantum.
Qiskit bụ usoro ngwanrọ na-akwado IBM nke na-eme ka ọ dịrị ndị ọrụ mfe ịmụta maka ya nhazi ato. N'ihi na kọmpụta quantum siri ike ịbịa, ị nwere ike iji igwe na-eweta igwe ojii dị ka ngwa Qiskit nke IBM iji nweta ohere ịnweta otu.
Ọ bụ kpamkpam n'efu iji, yana koodu niile dị Isi mmalite. Enwere akwụkwọ ọgụgụ dị n'ịntanetị nke na-akụziri gị isi ihe niile nke quantum physics, nke bara ezigbo uru maka ndị mbido na-amaghị isiokwu ahụ.
Enwere ike iji kọmpụta quantum n'ọkwa pulses, sekit, na modul ngwa.
atụmatụ
- Ndị na-eji ọkwa dị iche iche nwere ike iji Qiskit maka nyocha na mmepe ngwa n'ihi na ọ na-abịa na nchịkọta ọnụ ụzọ quantum zuru oke na nso nso nke sekit arụgoro mbụ.
- Ị nwere ike iji oge ịgba ọsọ Qiskit iji hazie ngwa quantum na CPUs, QPUs, na GPUs dabere na ígwé ojii, yana ịgba ọsọ na ịhazi ihe omume na ndị nrụpụta quantum n'ezie.
- Onye ntụgharị ahụ na-atụgharị koodu Qiskit ka ọ bụrụ sekit dị mma na-eji usoro ọnụ ụzọ ámá nke azụ azụ, na-enye ndị ọrụ ohere chepụta maka ihe nrụpụta quantum ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ nwere ntinye kacha nta.
mmechi
Iji chịkọta ọnụ, kọmpụta quantum nwere ike banye ngwa ngwa usoro izo ya ezo nke oge a n'ime obere oge, ebe supercomputer kacha enweta ugbu a na-ewe ọtụtụ afọ.
N'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ bụ na kọmpụta quantum ga-enwe ike ịgbawa ọtụtụ atụmatụ nzuzo nke taa, a na-atụ anya na ha ga-emepụta ihe ndị ọzọ na-egosi mbanye anataghị ikike. Kọmputa Quantum dị oke egwu n'ịgbo nsogbu njikarịcha.
Nkume a-aza