Koj yuav tsum niaj hnub txheeb xyuas lub vev xaib kev ua tau zoo thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm raws li tus tswv txhawm rau lav tias nws ib txwm siv tau thiab ua haujlwm raws li qhov xav tau. Saib xyuas kev ua tau zoo ntawm koj lub vev xaib suav nrog kev tshuaj xyuas nws cov kev siv tau yooj yim, kev siv tau, thiab lub sijhawm thauj khoom.
Kev siv lub vev xaib saib xyuas cov cuab yeej thiab cov kev pabcuam uas feem ntau luam theej koj lub vev xaib los ntawm ntau qhov chaw hauv ntiaj teb ua kom yooj yim rau qhov no. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev saib xyuas lub vev xaib tsis tuaj yeem tshaj tawm vim tias poob lossis ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub vev xaib tuaj yeem ua rau poob ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov nyiaj tau los. Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas koj lub vev xaib niaj hnub, koj tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem tam sim ntawd thiab kho lawv ua ntej lawv cuam tshuam rau koj lub tuam txhab.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev saib xyuas lub vev xaib tuaj yeem pab pom thaj chaw rau kev txhim kho, suav nrog txo cov nplooj ntawv thauj khoom lub sijhawm lossis nrhiav cov kev sib txuas tawg, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho cov neeg siv kev paub dhau los thiab nce koj lub vev xaib kev tshawb fawb qib.
Yog li ntawd, txhua lub lag luam uas xav kom muaj kev sib tw hauv kev lag luam digital niaj hnub no yuav tsum siv nyiaj ntawm lub vev xaib saib xyuas cov cuab yeej lossis kev pabcuam.
Peb yuav tshuaj xyuas kom meej qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub vev xaib saib xyuas cov cuab yeej thiab cov kev pabcuam hauv cov ntawv tshaj tawm no yog li koj tuaj yeem khaws cia saib ntawm koj lub vev xaib thiab nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv txog nws.
1. Uptime neeg hlau
UptimeRobot yog qhov kev pabcuam saib xyuas lub vev xaib tiag tiag uas muab txhua lub vev xaib saib xyuas nrog rau kev txheeb xyuas hauv paus, kev teb lub sijhawm taug qab, thiab saib xyuas HTTP. Tsis tas li ntawd, CRON txoj haujlwm, SSL, Ping, thiab kev saib xyuas chaw nres nkoj muaj.
Uptime Robot yuav tsis yog lub cuab yeej koj xav tau yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav txhua yam uas tuaj yeem taug qab ob tus neeg siv tiag tiag thiab cov neeg siv hluavtaws.
Raws li nws lub npe txhais tau hais tias, nws tsom mus rau kev khiav cov kev kuaj xyuas hauv koj lub vev xaib thiab APIs txhua tsib feeb thiab xa cov lus ceeb toom los ntawm nws 16+ interfaces nrog cov thev naus laus zis xws li Slack, Pagerduty, OpsGnie, Telegram, Google Chat, Discord, VictorOps, thiab lwm yam.
Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem saib xyuas koj lub vev xaib ib puag ncig-teev yam tsis tas yuav mus ntsib nws tus kheej tom qab teeb tsa, uas tsuas yog siv sijhawm ib feeb. Ua UptimeRobot tuav nws. UptimeRobot tuaj yeem muab rau koj ncaj qha rau lub vev xaib saib xyuas kev daws teeb meem uas koj tab tom nrhiav, ua tiav nrog kev ncaj ncees cov neeg siv interface thiab tsis muaj qhov tsis tsim nyog.
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Koj tuaj yeem pib siv nws dawb thiab tus nqi them nqi pib txij li $ 8 / hli.
2. Zoo Uptime
Better Uptime muab lub platform saib xyuas zoo dua los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev saib xyuas lub sijhawm, kev tswj qhov teeb meem, thiab kev sib txuas lus downtime nrog nplooj ntawv xwm txheej. Better Uptime muaj ntau yam nta, xws li HTTP(s) lo lus tseem ceeb xyuas, kev txheeb xyuas ntau kauj ruam, lub plawv dhia, SSL, Ping, thiab chaw nres nkoj saib xyuas.
Muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntau, suav nrog cov Datadog, New Relic, Grafana, Prometheus, Splunk On-Call, Zabbix, AWS CloudWatch, GCP, thiab Azure. Better Uptime ua 30-thib ob kuaj ntawm koj lub vev xaib los ntawm ntau qhov chaw, yog li tsis muaj lub tswb cuav lossis teeb meem nrog cov chaw uas tsis tau pom dua.
Thaum muaj teeb meem, txhua qhov yuam kev raug kaw nrog lub screenshot thiab ncua sij hawm tawg mus rau hauv vib nas this. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas keeb kwm uptime, paub meej tias SLA, thiab ntiav cov xwm txheej ua rau kev sib txuas kom nkag siab zoo dua cov xwm txheej hauv cov ntsiab lus siv nws cov lus qhia thiab kev tshuaj xyuas.
Ua tsaug rau kev sib koom ua ke ntse, koj lub kaw lus yuav tsis dhau thaum muaj xwm txheej, thiab daim ntawv qhia hnub hu xov tooj & lub sijhawm yuav lav qhov tshwm sim sai. Slack, MS Teams, hu, SMS, cov ntawv qhia laub, Zapier, thiab webhooks txhua yam cuam tshuam nrog kev ceeb toom hauv qee txoj kev.
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Koj tuaj yeem pib siv nws dawb thiab tus nqi them nqi pib txij li $ 30 / hli.
3. datadog
Siv DataDog los saib xyuas koj lub vev xaib. Koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntawv ceeb toom sai sai txog kev ua haujlwm thiab muaj nyob ntawm koj lub vev xaib. Nws muab kev sib koom ua ke sib txawv nrog koj cov kev tsim kho vaj tse, APM, thiab cov ntawv teev cia, siv tau HTTP thov los ntawm ntau qhov chaw, thiab saib xyuas thiab tswj koj cov SLSs.
Nws khiav automated testing thiab ua raws cov kev lag luam tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv cov neeg siv kev paub. Nrog cov screenshots rau txhua theem, nws qhia cov neeg siv kawg taug kev los ntawm kev pom dej tsaws tsag. DataDog tuaj yeem ua cov hauv paus ua rau kev tsom xam, rhuav tshem kev ua haujlwm nyob ntawm cov khoom siv thiab qhov chaw, thiab kuaj xyuas cov teeb meem siv APM connectors.
Koj tuaj yeem tsim kev sim sai nrog nws lub Web Recorder. Qhov no GUI-raws li interface yog tsis muaj coding thiab incredibly yooj yim mus use. Cov neeg siv cov yeeb yam tuaj yeem raug kaw, thiab nws tuaj yeem ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo siv cov hloov pauv hloov tau thiab kev lees paub. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws ua rau koj cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis yog cov kws tshaj lij los tsim kev sim browser.
Raws li DataDog xeem yog AI-tsav thiab tswj tus kheej, lawv txhawb koj pab pawg los tsim cov yam ntxwv tshiab. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntse no muaj peev xwm rov txheeb xyuas cov khoom tom qab hloov UI thiab hloov kho lwm yam kev sim uas twb muaj lawm kom taug qab cov ntsiab lus UI tshiab.
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Nws muaj ntau yam ntawm cov nqi sib txawv rau cov hom phiaj sib txawv thiab rau kev soj ntsuam hluavtaws, tus nqi pib los ntawm $ 5 ib kaum txhiab kev xeem khiav hauv ib hlis.
4. sijhawm ua haujlwm
Ib qhov chaw qhib lub sijhawm saib xyuas thiab cov xwm txheej nplooj ntawv saib xyuas, Upptime khiav ntawm GitHub. Yog vim li cas rau Upptime kev saib xyuas nquag yog tias nws ua rau siv GitHub cov haujlwm, uas tso cai rau lub sijhawm tsawg kawg ntawm 5 feeb. Nrog rau ntsuas uptime, nws kuj teev cov sij hawm teb rau hauv keeb kwm git.
Upptime tuaj yeem tsim cov duab kos thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev ntev ntawm koj lub vev xaib siv tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv no thiab tshaj tawm rau ntawm nplooj ntawv xwm txheej. Upptime cia li tsim qhov teeb meem tshiab hauv koj qhov chaw cia GitHub yog tias muaj sijhawm poob. Kho qhov chaw khaws cia no kom ntxiv cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob, xws li kev txheeb xyuas hauv paus.
Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem teeb tsa cov ntawv ceeb toom los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog cov kev pab cuam xws li Slack lossis Telegram. GitHub Nplooj ntawv yog lub cav tom qab cov vev xaib xwm txheej. Koj qhov xwm txheej tam sim no, qhov xwm txheej keeb kwm, thiab cov duab qhia lub sijhawm tshwm sim.
Txij li thaum nws khaws cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm GitHub API, Koj Nplooj Ntawv Status qhia cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub sijhawm. Kev cai logos, ntawv nyeem, thiab lwm yam muaj nyob rau ntawm nplooj ntawv xwm txheej. Daim ntawv tso cai MIT siv rau Upptime, uas siv tau ntawm GitHub.
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Nws yog pub dawb rau siv rau txhua tus.
5. Sematext
Sematext yog tag nrho-pawg saib xyuas qhov system uas muaj qhov kawg-rau-kawg pom thiab saib xyuas. Cov suite muab kev tshuaj xyuas cov neeg siv tiag tiag (RUM), Kev Paub Txog Sematext, nrog rau cov cuab yeej saib xyuas hluavtaws, Synthetics, rau kev saib xyuas lub vev xaib.
Sematext tau dhau los ua qhov kev daws teeb meem rau cov neeg tsim khoom xav kom nkag siab txog lawv cov kev tsim kho vaj tse thaum tseem saib xyuas cov kev ntsuas ntsig txog neeg siv nrog kev qhia txog Sematext Experience thiab Synthetics.
Nrog Sematext Experience, koj yuav tau txais ib daim ntawv qhia txog kev paub tiag tiag thiab kev zoo siab ntawm koj cov neeg siv nrog rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm koj lub vev xaib lossis daim ntawv thov ua haujlwm li cas hauv ntau qhov chaw, ntawm ntau yam khoom siv, lossis ntawm ntau yam kev sib txuas ceev.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, koj tuaj yeem teeb tsa Synthetic Monitoring los tsim kom muaj kev saib xyuas dav dav rau tag nrho koj cov peev txheej. Cov neeg saib xyuas yuav ping koj cov peev txheej los ntawm ntau lub ntsiab lus thoob ntiaj teb thiab xa rov qab txheeb cais ntawm cov khoom xws li lub vev xaib kev ua haujlwm, sijhawm ua haujlwm, tus nqi yuam kev, cov lus teb rau APIs, SSL daim ntawv pov thawj tas sijhawm, thiab ntau lwm yam ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb.
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Nws muaj ntau yam nqi ntawm cov nqi sib txawv thiab rau kev soj ntsuam, tus nqi pib ntawm $ 3.6 / hli.
6. Uptrends
Siv Uptrends, sim qhov tseem ceeb ntawm koj lub vev xaib, xws li kev sau npe, kev nkag mus, cov ntxaij vab tshaus them nyiaj, thiab lub tawb nqa khoom. Nws tso cai rau kev tsim kho ntawm kev saib xyuas kev lag luam los ntsuas qhov browser ua haujlwm los ntawm kev siv nws cov Transaction Recorder.
Koj tuaj yeem ceev thiab yooj yim sau tag nrho koj cov kev yuav khoom los ntawm kev siv lub vev xaib yooj yim clicks thiab navigation. Tom qab txhua yam tau raug ntes thiab hloov mus rau, Chrome browser ntsuas cov kauj ruam kaw ntawm ntau qhov chaw nkag mus tau thoob ntiaj teb.
Koj tuaj yeem teeb tsa cov txheej txheem sib pauv hloov pauv nrog Uptrends, suav nrog kev hloov pauv tus lej, rov pib dua tus password, teem caij teem sijhawm, thiab kev mus ncig. Koj tseem tuaj yeem saib xyuas koj cov kev pabcuam SaaS kom paub tseeb tias cov neeg siv tuaj yeem sau npe thiab ua tiav cov haujlwm tau zoo.
Koj tuaj yeem saib xyuas kev thauj khoom ceev tas li, thiab khaws lub qhov muag ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo, lub cev tsis muaj zog, thiab lwm yam teeb meem. Txhawm rau kom tau txais kev nkag siab ntawm koj lub vev xaib zoo li cas, nqa cov screenshots ntawm koj tus browser. Txhawm rau nthuav tawm cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb uas yuav raug liam rau nplooj ntawv ua haujlwm tsis zoo, koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov kab kos Waterflow thiab taug qab txhua cov ntaub ntawv uas browser tau rub tawm.
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Koj tuaj yeem sim nws rau 30 hnub nrog nws qhov kev sim dawb thiab tus nqi hwm pib txij li $ 19.45 / hli.
7. AppDynamics
Web daim ntaub ntawv muaj ntau yam kev sib tham sib tham uas tsis yog ib txwm ncaj nraim los saib xyuas. Txawm hais tias muaj tseeb tias qee qhov kev saib xyuas lub vev xaib kuj tseem ua rau lub ntsej muag ntawm cov apps, koj xav tau kev daws teeb meem uas tsom rau kev lag luam no nkaus xwb. Kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim ntawv thov yog hais los ntawm AppDynamics.
Ntxiv rau Java, Node.js, C / C ++, thiab PHP, nws txhawb nqa cov ntawv thov ib puag ncig. Tsis tas li ntawd, AppDynamics suav nrog ntau lub platform thiab cov kev daws teeb meem, xws li WebMethods, TIBCO, JMS, thiab queuing technologies. Lub sij hawm teb, tus nqi qeeb, tus nqi yuam kev, thauj khoom, thiab cov khw muag khoom tsuas yog qee qhov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb uas cov kev pabcuam ua haujlwm saib xyuas lub sijhawm.
Tsis tas li ntawd, los ntawm kev kos cov kev sib txuas ntawm ntau theem thiab cov kev pabcuam, nws tshem tawm qhov muag tsis pom ntawm koj daim ntawv thov. Tsis siv neeg nrhiav tsis pom kev tsis zoo thiab kev kuaj mob sai sai kuj yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm AppDynamics. Txhawm rau pab txhawb software debugging, lub cuab yeej kuj sau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb debug.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muab kev kuaj mob kom meej uas ua rau koj pom qhov teeb meem ncaj qha mus rau kab teeb meem ntawm txoj cai.
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Txhawm rau nrhiav tus nqi tiag tiag, koj yuav tsum tham nrog tus kws kho mob.
8. Lub xaib 24 × 7
Site 24 × 7 yog qhov yooj yim-rau-siv tab sis siv tau zoo rau kev taug qab lub vev xaib lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas qhov ua tau zoo thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm koj lub vev xaib siv IPv6 / IPv4 los ntawm 110+ qhov chaw thoob ntiaj teb nrog Site24x7 qhov kev saib xyuas lub vev xaib.
Nws ua rau kev siv cov cuab yeej txiav tawm zoo li Lub Vev Xaib Defacement Monitor, TLS / SSL daim ntawv pov thawj Saib xyuas, thiab cov neeg saib xyuas tas sijhawm, thiab lwm yam. Site24x7 muab kev pom tob tob rau hauv lub sijhawm teb cov teeb meem xws li lub sijhawm sib txuas, DNS sijhawm, sijhawm rub tawm, lub sijhawm ua ntej-byte, SSL Lub Sijhawm Handshake, thiab lwm yam, thiab ceeb toom cov neeg siv sai li sai tau thaum muaj teeb meem tshwm sim.
Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov lus teb uas koj lub vev xaib tau txais, sau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm TLS / SSL raws tu qauv, thiab nkag siab txog cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb xws li kev sib txuas lus ntau, hashing, thiab pauv qhov tseem ceeb. Ib qho cuab yeej kaw tau zoo yog muab los ntawm Site24x7 txhawm rau txhawm rau saib xyuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov neeg siv ntau kauj ruam.
Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem khaws lub qhov muag ntawm cov apps xws li HR portals, lub tawb nqa khoom, cov ntawv sau npe, thiab ntau dua, thiab txheeb xyuas lub sijhawm thiab qhov tseeb ntawm lawv cov khoom. Los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm koj tus browser, thiab qhov chaw, ISP, thiab lub platform, koj tuaj yeem siv cov neeg siv tshuaj xyuas tiag tiag los ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.
Tshawb xyuas cov ntsiab lus hauv lub network suav nrog lub sijhawm daws teeb meem DNS, lub sijhawm hloov pauv, lub sijhawm sib txuas, lub sijhawm ua nplooj ntawv, sijhawm rub tawm, sijhawm ua cov ntaub ntawv, thiab ntau dua.
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Tus nqi ntawm kev saib xyuas lub vev xaib pib txij li $ 9 / hli (them txhua xyoo).
9. Uptime
Puas yog koj tab tom nrhiav kev saib xyuas kev daws teeb meem rau koj lub server, thaj chaw, lossis lub vev xaib?
Koj muaj ob peb txoj hauv kev zoo dua, ib qho yog Uptime.com. Nws muab kev lag luam qib nta ntawm tus nqi uas muaj kev sib tw. Kev nkag mus tau ntawm koj lub vev xaib raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm Uptime.com txhua feeb los ntawm 30 qhov chaw thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Nws yog ua tau rau koj lub vev xaib rau xov tooj, email, siv webhooks, tweet, lossis xa SMS rau koj thaum nws poob.
Koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cov sijhawm teev sijhawm thiab cov sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub hli, txhua lub limtiam, lossis txhua hnub. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov vev xaib rau malware, nws ntiav Yandex Safe Browsing thiab Google Safe Browsing.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj qhov tsis muaj peev xwm los saib xyuas tas li txhua qhov kev hloov pauv, emails, Kev Saib Xyuas Tus Neeg Siv tiag, Ping, API, HTTP(s), DNS, TCP, SSH, thiab ntau dua. Tau txais cov ntawv qhia meej, cov ntsiab lus, thiab cov duab kos rau lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb.
Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov dashboards ntiag tug, SLA cov ntaub ntawv, thiab nplooj ntawv xwm txheej pej xeem. Uptime.com ua rau tsis muaj kev sib koom ua ke ua tau yog li koj tuaj yeem hloov cov ntaub ntawv mus rau ntau yam kev pabcuam koj twb tau siv los ua kom koj cov txheej txheem thiab txuag sijhawm.
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Koj tuaj yeem sim nws dawb thiab tus nqi hwm pib txij li $ 67 / hli.
10. Pingdom
Lub vev xaib muaj zog saib xyuas kev daws teeb meem rau cov koom haum me thiab nruab nrab yog Pingdom los ntawm SolarWinds. Pib, cov lag luam digital, thiab txawm tias DevOps tuaj yeem siv qhov kev pabcuam. Txhawm rau txhim kho kev pom thiab kev daws teeb meem, nws muab kev saib xyuas lub vev xaib sib txuas nrog cov neeg siv tiag tiag thiab kev saib xyuas hluavtaws.
Pingdom tuaj yeem ua raws li cov qhua tuaj noj mov nrog koj lub vev xaib rau kev saib xyuas hluavtaws, ceeb toom koj thaum koj lub vev xaib mus offline. Nws saib xyuas lub vev xaib nkag mus tau los ntawm ntau dua 100 qhov chaw thoob plaws ntiaj teb siv kev saib xyuas lub sijhawm.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj kev saib xyuas kev lag luam los ntsuas cov kev lag luam nyuaj hauv lub vev xaib nrog rau nplooj ntawv kev ua tau zoo los pab daws teeb meem. Kev sau npe tshiab, tshawb nrhiav, cov neeg siv nkag mus, rub tawm URL, kev tshuaj xyuas lub laub, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem kuaj tau.
Nrog Pingdom tus neeg siv tiag tiag lub vev xaib saib xyuas, koj tuaj yeem kawm paub ntxiv txog seb cov neeg tiag tiag koom nrog koj lub vev xaib. Nrog rau qhov kev saib xyuas ncaj qha thiab ntsuas tau yooj yim, koj tuaj yeem taug qab lub vev xaib ua haujlwm hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag thiab pom tias cov neeg siv cuam tshuam nrog koj qhov chaw nyob ntawm lawv lub cuab yeej, qhov chaw, thiab browser.
Txhawm rau ntsuas kev nce qib los ntawm lub hli dhau los, peb lub hlis twg, lossis xyoo, sib piv cov lej siv lub vev xaib tsis tu ncua. Metrics zoo li nplooj ntawv nrov tshaj plaws, browser, platform, thiab kev sib tham nquag, ua ke nrog tus nqi dhia, tuaj yeem pab koj txiav txim siab ua lag luam ntse dua.
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Koj tuaj yeem siv nws qhov kev sim dawb los sim lub platform thiab tus nqi hwm pib txij li $ 15 / hli.
xaus
Hauv kev xaus, koj tuaj yeem tswj hwm koj lub vev xaib ua haujlwm tau zoo nrog kev pab ntawm ntau lub vev xaib zoo saib xyuas cov cuab yeej thiab cov kev pabcuam. Pingdom yog qhov kev xaiv zoo vim tias nws cov neeg siv yooj yim interface thiab kev saib xyuas zoo, thaum Uptime Robot muab cov phiaj xwm pub dawb thiab dashboard yooj yim siv.
Lwm txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj yog Site24x7, uas muaj cov cuab yeej tshaj tawm thiab cov txheej txheem ceeb toom. Cov cuab yeej tshaj lij uas muab kev nkag siab tob rau hauv lub vev xaib kev ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg siv kev paub suav nrog AppDynamics thiab Better Uptime.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los txiav txim siab txog yam xws li kev cia siab thiab qhov tseeb ntawm kev saib xyuas, muaj ntau qhov chaw saib xyuas, tus neeg siv tus phooj ywg interface, ceeb toom cov txheej txheem, kev xaiv kev xaiv, thiab cov phiaj xwm nqi thaum xaiv lub vev xaib saib xyuas cov cuab yeej lossis kev pabcuam.
Cov lus qhia kawg rau kev xaiv lub vev xaib saib xyuas cov cuab yeej lossis kev pabcuam yog los txiav txim siab koj cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb thiab lub hom phiaj, tshawb fawb thiab tshuaj xyuas ntau yam kev xaiv, thiab siv cov qauv dawb thiab ua qauv qhia los kuaj xyuas cov kev daws teeb meem ua ntej ua haujlwm.
Thaum kawg, txhua lub lag luam uas xav kom ntseeg tau tias nws lub vev xaib yeej ib txwm siv tau thiab ua tau zoo ntawm nws qhov zoo tshaj plaws yuav tsum ua kom muaj peev txheej hauv lub vev xaib txhim khu kev qha lossis kev pabcuam.
Sau ntawv cia Ncua