Table of Contents[Hide][Show]
Nyob rau niaj hnub no txoj kev nrawm nrawm, muaj zog, thiab kev sib tw digital ib puag ncig, cov koom haum ua tau zoo tshaj plaws yog pov thawj tias kev ua neeg siv khoom yog tib lub tswv yim zoo los nthuav kev lag luam. Cov neeg siv 'kev saib xyuas ncua sij hawm tsis tu ncua, yuam cov lag luam nrhiav txoj hauv kev tshiab thiab zoo dua los muab cov kev paub zoo rau lawv cov neeg siv khoom.
Yog tias koj xav tsim kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke, sib txawv, thiab tsis muaj kev paub zoo rau koj cov neeg siv, Ib Daim Ntawv Thov Ib Ntus (SPAs) yog txoj hauv kev mus. Nws yog vim li no tias ntau lub tuam txhab pib tsim cov ntsiab lus ntawm lawv cov apps online siv lub vev xaib tshiab tsim hu ua Ib Daim Ntawv Thov.
SPAs kuj tau siv los tsim Google thiab Facebook, ob lub behemoths uas nws cov apps muaj zog rau koj cov koob tshuaj niaj hnub hauv is taws nem thiab kev tshaj tawm xov xwm.
Qhov blog no yuav npog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib nplooj ntawv thov, suav nrog nws cov txiaj ntsig, qhov sib txawv ntawm ib nplooj ntawv thiab ntau nplooj ntawv thov, SPA moj khaum, thiab ntau ntxiv. Cia peb pib!
Daim Ntawv Thov Ib Nplooj Ntawv yog dab tsi?
Daim ntawv thov ib nplooj ntawv (SPA) yog ib nplooj ntawv (yog li lub npe) nrog ntau cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob twj ywm tib yam thiab tsuas yog ob peb yam uas yuav tsum tau hloov ib zaug.
Ib daim ntawv thov ib nplooj ntawv (SPA) yog nplooj ntawv web, lub vev xaib, lossis daim ntawv thov web uas khiav tag nrho hauv browser thiab tsuas yog thauj ib daim ntawv. Nws tsis xav tau nplooj ntawv tshiab thaum siv, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov khoom tseem tsis hloov pauv thaum tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm nws yuav tsum tau hloov kho.
Thaum cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau hloov, SPA siv JavaScript APIs ua li ntawd. Cov neeg siv tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lub vev xaib yam tsis tas yuav rub tawm nplooj ntawv tshiab thiab cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm server hauv qhov no.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev ua tau zoo txhim kho thiab koj tau txais kev xav tias koj siv ib qho kev pab cuam ib txwm muaj. Nws muab cov neeg siv khoom nrog kev paub zoo dua hauv online. SPAs ua rau nws ncaj nraim, ua haujlwm tau zoo, thiab yooj yim rau cov neeg siv kom nyob hauv ib puag ncig digital tsis yooj yim.
Cov duab hauv qab no qhia txog qhov xwm txheej uas tus neeg siv cuam tshuam nrog lawv tus browser, uas tom qab ntawd ua API cov lus nug rau cov kev pabcuam ncaj qha. Tus browser xa ncaj qha API cov lus nug rau cov kev pabcuam tom qab tau txais JavaScript thiab HTML qhov chaws los ntawm tus neeg siv khoom. Vim tias txhua yam ua tiav ncaj qha hauv qhov browser, app lub server yeej tsis xa cov lus nug API rau qhov kev pabcuam.
Daim Ntawv Thov Ib Nplooj Ntawv Ua Haujlwm li cas?
Ib nplooj ntawv apps muaj cov qauv ncaj nraim. Client-side thiab server-sab rendering technologies yog ob qho tib si siv. Cia peb hais tias koj xav mus rau ib lub vev xaib tshwj xeeb.
Thaum koj ntaus nws qhov URL rau hauv koj tus browser kom thov kev nkag, tus browser ua qhov kev thov mus rau lub server, uas teb nrog cov ntaub ntawv HTML. Cov neeg rau zaub mov xa cov ntsiab lus HTML nkaus xwb rau thawj qhov kev thov thaum siv SPA, thiab JSON cov ntaub ntawv rau cov lus nug yav tom ntej.
Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ntau dua li rov rub tag nrho nplooj ntawv web, SPA yuav rov tsim kho nplooj ntawv tam sim no cov ntsiab lus. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, muaj tsawg dua yuav tsum tau rov qab ntau zaus, thiab kev ua haujlwm tau zoo dua. Cov yam ntxwv no tso cai rau SPA ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li ib txwm siv app.
Cov ntawv thov ntau nplooj ntawv tsis zoo ib yam li daim ntawv thov ib nplooj ntawv (MPAs). Thaum tus neeg siv thov cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, tom kawg yog cov kev pabcuam hauv lub vev xaib nrog ntau nplooj ntawv uas tau rov ua dua.
Tsis tas li ntawd, SPAs yuav siv sij hawm ntev rau kev thauj khoom thaum xub thawj, tab sis thaum thauj khoom, lawv muab kev ua haujlwm nrawm dua thiab seamless navigation. MPAs tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb thiab xav tau kev siv internet ceev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv cov khoom siv graphical. Amazon thiab Google Docs yog ob qho piv txwv ntawm MPAs.
Daim Ntawv Thov Ib Ntus Vs Daim Ntawv Thov Ntau Nplooj
Cov txheej txheem ntau nplooj ntawv app (MPA) lub tswv yim tsis tas yuav muaj kev paub txog JavaScript ntawm ib feem ntawm koj pab pawg txhim kho (txawm hais tias qhov sib txuas ntawm sab xub ntiag thiab sab nraub qaum txhais tau tias cov chaw yuav siv sijhawm ntev dua los tsim). Los ntawm kev ntxiv lwm nplooj ntawv, koj tuaj yeem loj hlob cov ntaub ntawv ntau npaum li koj nyiam, thiab vim tias cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txhua nplooj ntawv zoo li qub, Search Engine Optimization (SEO) feem ntau yooj yim.
MPAs, ntawm qhov tod tes, siv qeeb dua vim tias txhua nplooj ntawv tshiab yuav tsum tau thauj khoom los ntawm kos. Yog tias koj lub vev xaib cov ntsiab lus yog (feem ntau) nyeem nkaus xwb, txawm li cas los xij, MPA yuav yog txhua yam koj xav tau. Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv thov ib nplooj ntawv yog lawv qhov nrawm.
Tsis tas li ntawd, SPAs yog qhov zoo dua ntawm kev xa cov kev ua haujlwm ntau dua li MPAs, thiab lawv cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia kom cov kev pab cuam tuaj yeem siv offline.
Qhov tsis zoo tshaj plaws ntawm SPAs yog tias qhov xwm txheej zoo ntawm lawv cov ntsiab lus ua rau SEO thiab kev tshawb pom nyuaj dua. Crawlers thiab tshawb fawb xyaw tau hloov kho kom zoo dua nrog cov app zoo li no ntau lub koom haum koom nrog SPAs.
Uas tau hais tias, ib nplooj ntawv apps tsis tas yuav zoo dua rau ntau nplooj ntawv apps, thiab rov ua dua. Ob lub tswv yim muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm MPAs dhau SPAs yuav pib poob qis thaum lub web crawler thiab indexing kev txhawj xeeb yav dhau los cuam tshuam nrog ib nplooj ntawv thov raug kho, thiab qhov kawg yuav dhau los ua qhov tseeb ntawm cov qauv rau niaj hnub online apps.
Daim Ntawv Thov Ib Nplooj Ntawv
Yog tias koj tau txiav txim siab tias tsim kom muaj SPA yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los ua kom tau raws li koj lub tuam txhab cov kev xav tau, koj yuav tsum tsim kom muaj lub hauv paus SPA ruaj khov. Peb tau sau cov npe ntawm ib nplooj ntawv zoo tshaj plaws daim ntawv thov lub moj khaum rau kev nplua nuj web apps uas tuaj yeem tswj hwm cov ntawv thov loj. Txhua lub moj khaum muaj nws cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb thiab muaj peev xwm.
1. React
Nyob rau niaj hnub no lub zog digitized ib puag ncig, thaum lub ntiaj teb yog fervently thawb mus rau digital transformation, cov koom haum tau embedded Scalability & Flexibility rau hauv lawv lub ntsiab tseem ceeb thaj chaw txij thaum pib, uas yog yav tas los ib tug afterthought. Yog li ntawd, ua raws li qhov tseem ceeb hauv siab thaum tsim ib nplooj ntawv thov yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
ReactJS yog lub moj khaum zoo rau siv yog tias muaj peev xwm thiab hloov tau yooj yim yog qhov tseem ceeb rau koj lub tuam txhab. Kev saib xyuas ntawm ib nplooj ntawv thov tsim siv React yog qhov yooj yim heev vim nws cov khoom siv raws li kev tsim.
Lub Virtual DOM suav nrog hauv nplooj ntawv ReactJS. Nws tso cai rau pab pawg txhim kho taug qab thiab hloov kho cov kev hloov pauv yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lwm qhov ntawm tsob ntoo, tso cai rau daim ntawv thov kom hloov tau yooj yim dua.
Rau nws cov tsev qiv ntawv nyob ib leeg, ReactJS tau yoog tau ntau dua li lwm lub hauv paus, tso cai rau lub sijhawm teb sai thiab ua rau nws lub hauv paus zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim SPAs. Vim tias ob tog siv ReactJS, lub moj khaum tso cai rau kev thauj khoom sib koom ntawm tus neeg rau zaub mov thiab tus neeg siv khoom.
2. angular
Cov lag luam ntsib ib qho teeb meem tsis tu ncua thaum sim thawb lub vev xaib kom ua tiav ntau dua: daim ntawv thov 'Kev Ua Tau Zoo.' Cov vev xaib niaj hnub no muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv dua li yav dhau los, ua rau nws nyuaj rau cov lag luam kom ua tau zoo ntawm ntau lub cuab yeej.
Yog li ntawd, thaum xaiv ib nplooj ntawv thov lub moj khaum, kev ua tau zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb. Thaum nws los txog rau ib nplooj ntawv thov ceev, tsis muaj lub moj khaum zoo dua li AngularJS.
Cov ntaub ntawv khi ua haujlwm ntawm AngularJS zam ntau tus lej uas tus tsim tawm yuav tau ua lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, siv Angular los tsim ib daim ntawv thov ib nplooj ntawv xav tau cov kab lus tsawg dua thiab muab kev ceev nrawm.
AngularJS-raws li cov ntawv thov tau paub txog kev thauj khoom sai. Qhov no yog ua tau los ntawm AngularJS 'kev tivthaiv router functionality, uas muab automated code sib cais. Nws tso cai rau cov neeg siv tsuas yog thauj cov neeg thov code rau kev pom. Lub SPA ua nrog AngularJS lub moj khaum tuaj yeem khiav ntawm txhua lub platform.
3. Vue
VueJS yog lub hauv paus loj tshaj plaws rau ib nplooj ntawv web application txhim kho thaum ua ke nrog cov tsev qiv ntawv txhawb nqa thiab cov cuab yeej tam sim no. Vue.js txhawb nqa ob txoj kev sib txuas lus los ntawm kev ua HTML blocks yooj yim los tswj ua tsaug rau nws MVVM tsim.
Ob txoj kev sib khi cov ntaub ntawv yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm uas tsis nrov hauv lwm lub hauv paus xws li React.js. Vue.js tseem hu ua reactive moj khaum vim nws reacts rau cov kev hloov hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Vue.js suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm ob lub ntiaj teb, sib txuas React thiab Angular.
Nws siv Virtual DOM thiab yog cov khoom siv raws li, ib yam li React, ua rau nws nrawm heev. Nws ua, txawm li cas los xij, muab cov lus qhia thiab ob-txoj kev sib khi cov ntaub ntawv, ua rau nws ua haujlwm zoo li Angular. Vue.js tsis yog lub moj khaum lossis lub tsev qiv ntawv.
Nws muab kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev muaj peev xwm los tsim SPAs, thiab nws yooj yim ntxiv rau ntxiv, xws li Kev Tswj Xyuas Lub Xeev thiab Routing.
4. Backbone.JS
Nws yog ib qho ntawm feem nrov SPA lub hauv paus rau kev tsim kho lub web apps, thiab nws yog raws li MVP tus qauv tsim. Nws muaj ib lub router, qauv, txheej xwm, views, collections, thiab ib tug slew ntawm lwm yam zoo heev nta uas ua rau tsim SPAs yooj yim thiab ceev.
Backbone.JS yog lub hauv paus nrov rau kev tsim ib nplooj ntawv thov. Nws cov qauv saib lub moj khaum ua haujlwm ntau dua li tsuas yog pab cov neeg tsim khoom los tsim lawv cov JS infrastructure. Yeej, nws tau siv los txwv HTTP thov rau lub server thiab ua kom yooj yim intricate cov neeg siv interface tsim.
Nws yog lub hauv paus loj rau kev tsim ib nplooj ntawv web daim ntaub ntawv nrog lub zej zog loj. Tons ntawm cov tsev qiv ntawv, me me, cov lej paub daws teeb meem, kev sib txuas lus uas tau tsav los ntawm kev sib tham, thiab coding style tus qauv tsuas yog qee qhov ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv zoo kawg nkaus.
5. Ember JS
Tus neeg siv interface (UI) yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txhua qhov kev pab cuam uas sai sai ua rau koj sib nrug ntawm koj qhov kev sib tw. Yog tias nws tuaj yeem xa tag nrho cov neeg siv interface rau tus neeg siv khoom, daim ntawv thov ib nplooj ntawv suav tias yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Yog li ntawd, nws boosts lub network tag nrho kev ua tau zoo.
Yog tias ib qho ntawm koj lub app qhov kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb yog tus neeg siv interface, koj yuav tsum xav txog kev siv EmberJS ua lub hauv paus. EmberJS, zoo li AngularJS, muaj ob txoj kev sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv, uas ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev pom thiab qauv yeej ib txwm nyob hauv sync.
Nws muaj peev xwm ua kom cov neeg rau zaub mov-sab DOM rendering nrog Ember FastbootJS module, uas ua rau kom zoo dua UIs. EmberJS, uas yog tsim los ntawm ob txoj kev khi, kho UI raws li cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv.
Yog li ntawd, nws yooj yim los txhais cov neeg siv interface uas nkag siab thaum hloov tshiab. EmberJS yog lub hauv paus qhib nrog cov kev xav zoo uas txhawb kev ywj pheej ntau dua. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo rau kev tsim feature-nplua nuj ib nplooj ntawv web apps uas nws kim heev functionality. Nordstrom, Kickstarter, LinkedIn, Netflix, thiab lwm cov npe loj siv lub moj khaum no.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm SPA
1. Cov neeg siv kev paub zoo dua
Kev paub zoo ntawm cov neeg siv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav daim ntawv thov. Raws li ntau qhov kev txheeb cais, cov neeg tuaj saib tso tseg cov nplooj ntawv online uas qeeb thiab siv tsis yooj yim. Cov neeg siv tsis tas yuav tos kom tiav cov khoom kom rov ua dua yog tias lawv tsuas xav tau ib ntu ntawm nws siv SPAs. Hloov chaw, cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntaub ntawv lawv xav tau sai dua, uas txhim kho lawv qhov kev paub SPA.
2. Txhim kho ceev
Web apps yuav tsum ceev dua thiab tsis nkim sij hawm ntawm cov neeg siv; txwv tsis pub, tib neeg yuav nrhiav qhov chaw zoo dua. Vim tias tag nrho lub vev xaib tsis tas yuav rov ua dua tshiab thiab tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov ntsiab lus thov hloov pauv, SPAs muab sijhawm teb sai dua. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub vev xaib app kev ua tau zoo txhim kho tau zoo.
3. Siv cov peev txheej tsawg dua
Ib nplooj ntawv Apps siv bandwidth tsawg dua vim tias cov nplooj ntawv tsuas yog thauj khoom ib zaug xwb. Lawv kuj ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam nrog kev sib txuas hauv internet qeeb, ua rau lawv nkag mus rau txhua tus. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis zoo li MPAs zoo li Google Docs, lawv ua haujlwm offline, khaws koj cov ntaub ntawv, yog li koj tsis tas yuav muab lawv nrog kev sib txuas hauv internet mus tas li los saib thiab ua haujlwm rau lawv.
4. Muaj txiaj ntsig caching
Vim tias nws tsuas yog xa ib daim ntawv thov mus rau lub server thiab tom qab ntawd hloov kho lwm cov ntaub ntawv, Ib Nplooj Ntawv App tuaj yeem khaws cov ntaub ntawv sai. Hauv qhov no, nws yuav tuaj yeem ua haujlwm txawm tias koj tsis txuas nrog internet. Yog tias tus neeg siv qhov kev sib txuas ploj lawm, cov ntaub ntawv hauv zos tuaj yeem synchronized nrog lub server thaum qhov kev sib txuas rov qab.
5. Kev debugging yog yooj yim.
Debugging ib daim ntawv thov kom paub meej tias tsis muaj dab tsi tuaj yeem tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm kev tshawb pom thiab kho qhov tsis zoo thiab teeb meem uas yuav ua rau nws qeeb. Vim tias lawv tau tsim nrog cov qauv nrov xws li React, Angular, thiab Vue.js, Daim Ntawv Thov Ib Nplooj Ntawv yooj yim rau kev debug hauv Google Chrome. Cov nplooj ntawv cov khoom, cov ntaub ntawv, thiab cov txheej txheem network tuaj yeem saib xyuas thiab tshawb xyuas.
6. Kev sib raug zoo thoob plaws ntau lub platform
Siv ib qho codebase, cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem tsim cov apps uas ua haujlwm ntawm txhua qhov kev khiav haujlwm, ntaus ntawv, lossis browser. Yog li ntawd, nws txhim kho cov neeg siv khoom los ntawm kev tso cai rau lawv nkag mus rau SPA nyob qhov twg lawv xaiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem tsim cov apps nplua nuj nrog cov txheeb ze yooj yim. Piv txwv li, thaum tsim cov ntsiab lus kho cov cuab yeej, lawv tuaj yeem koom ua ke cov txheeb cais ntawm lub sijhawm.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm SPA
1. Kev hem thawj hauv online
Kev phom sij hauv online xws li kev sau ntawv hla chaw (XSS) yog qhov muaj kev phom sij rau SPAs ntau dua li MPAs. Cov neeg tawm tsam tuaj yeem siv XSS los cuam tshuam rau lub vev xaib app los ntawm kev txhaj cov neeg siv sab sau ntawv rau hauv nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev txwv kev nkag mus tsis tau nruj me ntsis hauv qib ua haujlwm. Yog tias cov neeg tsim khoom tsis ntsuas, cov ntaub ntawv rhiab thiab kev ua haujlwm yuav raug nthuav tawm.
2. Keeb kwm ntawm koj tus browser
Browser keeb kwm tsis tau txais kev cawmdim los ntawm SPAs. Yog tias koj mus dhau yav dhau los rau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, txhua yam koj pom yog SPA qhov txuas mus rau tag nrho lub vev xaib. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tsis tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau hauv SPA. Yog tias koj siv lub pob rov qab, koj yuav raug xa mus rau lub vev xaib uas tau rub tawm yav dhau los es tsis yog lub xeev dhau los. Siv HTML5 Keeb Kwm API, txawm li cas los xij, qhov tsis zoo no tuaj yeem kov yeej.
3. Lub sijhawm thauj khoom pib
Txawm hais tias SPAs muaj npe nrov rau lawv qhov ceev thiab kev ua tau zoo, nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev rau tag nrho qhov chaw thauj khoom. Nws yuav npau taws rau qee cov neeg siv, ua rau lawv tsis txhob siv lub app ntxiv lawm.
4. Cov txiaj ntsig SEO tsis zoo
Lub architecture ntawm SPAs muaj ib nplooj ntawv nrog ib qho URL. Nws txwv lub peev xwm ntawm SPAs kom tau txais los ntawm kev tshawb fawb cav optimization (SEO). Vim tias muaj kev sib tw ntau heev, SEO cov tswv yim tuaj yeem pab koj txhawb koj lub xaib qhov kev ntaus nqi hauv kev tshawb fawb cav.
Nws nyuaj rau kev ua kom zoo rau SEO vim tias tsuas muaj ib qho URL uas tsis muaj qhov hloov tshiab lossis chaw nyob tshwj xeeb. Indexation, muaj zog analytics, tshwj xeeb kev sib txuas, metadata, thiab lwm yam nta yog tag nrho ploj lawm. Cov chaw zoo li no muaj lub sijhawm nyuaj los soj ntsuam los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav bots, ua kom zoo dua qhov nyuaj.
xaus
Yog tias koj xav tsim kom muaj kev teb ntau dua, nrawm dua, thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau daim ntawv thov social networking, SaaS kev lag luam, nyob hloov tshiab, thiab lwm yam, Ib Daim Ntawv Thov Daim Ntawv Thov (SPAs) tuaj yeem pab.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ntsuas koj lub hom phiaj thiab cov hom phiaj kom pom tias SPA puas yog rau koj, thiab tom qab ntawd xaiv JavaScript lub hauv paus los pib.
Lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau tshawb nrhiav tag nrho cov peev txheej ntawm SPAs yog tias lub tuam txhab xav tsim cov khoom lag luam nrog lub hom phiaj kawg ntawm kev txhim kho kev nthuav dav, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov neeg siv muaj zog, thiab kev tsim khoom ntau dua rau kev ua tiav cov haujlwm lossis kev sib tham sib txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv.
Sau ntawv cia Ncua