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Ib qho khoom siv lub cev uas coj cov nthwv dej electromagnetic nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kho qhov muag hu ua optical waveguide.
Pob tshab dielectric waveguides muaj li ntawm cov yas thiab iav, nrog rau cov fiber ntau optical, yog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm optical waveguides.
Lub spatial ntau yam nyob rau hauv uas lub teeb yuav propagate yog constrained los ntawm ib tug optical waveguide, uas yog ib tug spatial inhomogeneous ntaus ntawv rau directing lub teeb.
Feem ntau, lub waveguide muaj ib ntu uas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas siab siab tshaj qhov nruab nrab ib puag ncig (hu ua cladding).
Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tshuaj xyuas cov txheej txheem kho qhov muag waveguide, qee qhov piv txwv, thiab ntau ntxiv.
Taw qhia rau optical waveguide
Lub hauv paus tsev blocks ntawm photonic li yog optical waveguides, uas ncaj qha, ob peb, hloov, faib, multiplex, thiab demultiplex optical signals.
Siv cov cuab yeej siv tshuab, uas zoo ib yam li microelectronics, passive waveguides, electrooptic Cheebtsam, transmitters, receivers, thiab tsav tsheb hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua ke rau hauv ib nti.
Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv waveguide nyob ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog geometry, wavelength, thawj qhov kev faib tawm, cov ntaub ntawv siv, thiab electrooptic tsav tsheb, txawm tias qhov tseeb tias lawv txoj haujlwm tau kawm thiab nkag siab.
Ua ntej yuav ua ib tug gadget, tej yam parameters yuav tsum tau tuned. Vim tias muaj ntau qhov kev pabcuam tsim nyog los tsim cov nti, kev ua qauv zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob loj loj.
Waveguide hom, hom coupling, poob, thiab nce, nrog rau kev sib kis ntawm lub teeb pom kev, yog txhua yam simulated hauv optical waveguide tsim.
Cov cuab yeej waveguide tau piav qhia hauv ib ntu ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nkag los ntawm nws cov duab geometry, kev tsim khoom, thiab cov khoom siv tas li.
Cov ntaub ntawv waveguide yuav tsum yog cov tswv yim zoo siv qhov project layout nrog software uas tuaj yeem tswj hwm qhov kev tsim khoom.
Rau kev teeb tsa cov lej suav, nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv kuj suav nrog lwm cov khoom. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb zoo meej, cov txheej txheem nkag yuav zais lossis txwv qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev suav lej.
Tab sis txij li tus qauv waveguide feem ntau ua rau siv cov txheej txheem lej nyuaj, koj yuav tsum paub txog qee yam ntawm cov lej hauv qab.
Photonic circuits yog tsim los siv waveguides. Perpendicular mus rau txoj kev raws lub waveguide center yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub waveguide qhov dav, txawm tias ruaj los yog hloov.
Basic Principal ntawm Optical waveguide
Raws li pom nyob rau hauv daim duab, geometrical los yog ray optics lub tswv yim yuav siv tau los qhia cov tswv yim tseem ceeb underpinning optical waveguides.
Refraction yog txheej txheem los ntawm lub teeb uas nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom uas muaj qhov siab dua refractive index khoov mus rau qhov qub.
Xav txog qhov teeb meem ntawm lub teeb nkag iav los ntawm huab cua. Zoo ib yam li lub teeb txav mus rau lwm txoj kev, los ntawm iav mus rau huab cua, ua raws tib txoj kev thiab deviates los ntawm qhov qub. Vim lub sij hawm-reversal symmetry, qhov no tshwm sim. Nws muaj peev xwm ua tau daim ntawv qhia txhua txoj kab hluav taws xob hauv huab cua mus rau ib qho hluav taws xob hauv iav.
Muaj kev sib raug zoo ib-rau-ib. Tab sis qee qhov ntawm lub teeb rays nyob rau hauv lub iav tsis nco qab vim yog refraction. Tag nrho cov kev xav sab hauv, uas cuam tshuam lub teeb seem hauv iav, yog lub tshuab ua haujlwm.
Ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub kaum sab xis tseem ceeb, lawv yog xwm txheej ntawm iav-cua sib cuag. Nyob rau hauv ntau sophisticated formulations ua nyob rau hauv Green's muaj nuj nqi, cov rays ntxiv correlates rau ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm lub xeev.
Nyob rau hauv lub dielectric waveguide, peb tuaj yeem ntes thiab coj lub teeb los ntawm kev siv tag nrho cov kev xav sab hauv. Lub teeb liab teeb pom kev tawm ntawm qhov nruab nrab siab nruab nrab sab saum toj thiab hauv qab.
Ntev npaum li lub slab khoov maj mam, nws tuaj yeem qhia tau txawm tias nws nkhaus lossis khoov. Lub teeb yog coj raws lub siab ntsuas iav core nyob rau hauv qis qis iav cladding raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus hauv fiber optics.
Waveguide ua haujlwm tsuas yog kwv yees kwv yees los ntawm txoj kab hluav taws xob optics. Rau cov lus piav qhia tag nrho ntawm lub dielectric waveguide, Maxwell qhov sib npaug tuaj yeem daws tau los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas lossis tus lej.
Piv txwv ntawm Optical waveguide
Dielectric slab waveguides, tseem hu ua planar waveguides, tej zaum yog hom yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm optical waveguides.
Arrayed waveguide gratings, acousto-optic lim, thiab modulators tsuas yog ob peb cov khoom siv hauv-chip uas tuaj yeem siv slab waveguides vim lawv qhov yooj yim.
Slab waveguides kuj nquag siv ua cov qauv ua si.
Peb txheej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, txhua tus muaj qhov sib txawv dielectric tas li, tau ua ke los tsim cov slab waveguide, uas tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv mus tsis kawg hauv cov lus qhia mus rau qhov sib txuas ntawm lawv.
Yog hais tias lub hauv paus txheej muaj ib tug siab dua refractive index tshaj cov txheej txheej, lub teeb muaj nyob rau hauv nruab nrab txheej los ntawm tag nrho cov sab hauv xav txog.
Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm 2-Dimensional waveguide
Sawb waveguide
Yeej, ib txoj hlua ntawm txheej uas yog nyem rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yog dab tsi ua rau ib tug strip waveguide.
Lub slab waveguide txoj kev taw qhia txheej yog txwv nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si transverse cov lus qhia es tsis yog ib qho yooj yim, uas ua rau qhov yooj yim piv txwv ntawm ib lub voj voog waveguide. Ob qho tib si sib xyaw ua ke optical circuits thiab laser diodes siv cov duab plaub.
Lawv nquag ua lub hauv paus rau qhov chaw kho qhov muag xws li Mach-Zehnder interferometers thiab wavelength division multiplexers. Ntau zaus, cov duab plaub qhov kho qhov muag waveguide yog siv los tsim cov kab noj hniav ntawm laser diodes.
Cov txheej txheem planar feem ntau yog siv los tsim kho qhov muag waveguide nrog cov duab plaub.
Rib waveguide
Nyob rau hauv ib tug rib waveguide, cov txheej txheem kev taw qhia yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov slab nrog ib daim kab xev (los yog ntau lub strips) overlaid rau saum nws.
Nyob rau hauv ntau txheej txheej tav, nyob ze-kev sib koom ua ke tuaj yeem ua tau nrog rau kev kaw ntawm nthwv dej hauv ob qhov ntev hauv cov tav waveguides.
Photonic crystal waveguide thiab segmented waveguide
Raws li lawv txoj kev nthuav tawm, optical waveguides ib txwm khaws ib ntu ntu. Qhov no yog qhov xwm txheej, piv txwv li, nrog strip thiab rib waveguides.
Los ntawm kev siv lub npe hu ua Bloch hom, waveguides tuaj yeem muaj qhov hloov pauv raws sijhawm hauv lawv cov ntu ntu thiab tseem xa lub teeb yam tsis muaj kev poob.
Cov waveguides no raug cais raws li photonic siv lead ua waveguides (nrog 2D lossis 3D qauv) lossis segmented waveguides (nrog rau 1D qauv raws li kev taw qhia ntawm kev nthuav tawm).
Laser-inscribed waveguide
Kev lag luam photonics yog qhov chaw kho qhov muag waveguide yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv kho qhov muag yog ua tau los ntawm kev teeb tsa lub waveguide hauv 3D qhov chaw.
Ib hom ntawm lub teeb infrared ntawm kev sib txuas lus wavelengths tuaj yeem nthuav tawm siv cov waveguides, uas tseem tau teeb tsa los nqa cov teeb liab kho qhov muag ntawm qhov chaw tawm tswv yim thiab cov khoom tawm nrog qhov poob qis heev.
Optical waveguide siv
Hauv kev sib txuas lus microwave, tshaj tawm, thiab radar systems, lub waveguide yog ib qho electromagnetic pub kab. Lub waveguide yog tsim los ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau los yog lub raj uas yog cov duab plaub los yog cylindrical.
Lub electromagnetic teb kis longitudinally. Horn thiab phaj kav hlau txais xov yog cov kev siv waveguide tshaj plaws.
Optical fiber ntau - nws puas yog ib tug waveguide?
Tag nrho cov kev xav sab hauv, uas tswj hwm qhov ua haujlwm ntawm fiber ntau optical, tuaj yeem xav tias yog lub teeb waveguide.
Yog tias lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntau dua li lub kaum sab xis tseem ceeb, tag nrho cov kev xav sab hauv yuav tshwm sim thaum lub nthwv dej propagating ntsib ciam teb ntawm ob yam khoom sib txawv.
xaus
Nyob rau hauv xaus, ib tug optical waveguide yog ib tug qauv uas "guides" lub teeb yoj los ntawm kev tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev mus rau lwm qhov chaw tshaj li qhov xav tau. Hauv kev lag luam kho mob, fiber ntau optical feem ntau siv rau kev kuaj mob thiab kho.
Saj zawg zog strands ua los ntawm optical fibers tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv lub ntsws, cov hlab ntsha, thiab lwm yam kabmob. Ib lub raj ntev hauv tsev muaj ob pob khoom ntawm optic fibers hauv qhov endoscope, ib qho khoom siv kho mob.
Daim duab ntxaws yog tsim los ntawm kev coj lub teeb rau ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg hauv kev sim hauv ib pob thaum tau txais lub teeb pom kev los ntawm nws hauv lwm lub nras. Endoscopes tuaj yeem tsim los tshuaj xyuas qee qhov hauv lub cev lossis cov pob qij txha, xws li hauv caug.
Sau ntawv cia Ncua