Ntau tus neeg txhawj xeeb txog lub koob yees duab tshwj xeeb, qhov screen loj, thiab lub peev xwm cia thaum tau txais lub xov tooj tshiab. Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv ntxim nyiam no yog kev ua haujlwm, uas yooj yim rau kev saib xyuas.
Google's Android yog lub ntiaj teb nrov tshaj plaws mobile operating system. Nws pom nyob hauv ntau dua 86 feem pua ntawm cov xov tooj smartphones thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Dab tsi yog qhov xav tsis thoob tshaj yog tias Android yog raws li qhib-qhov Linux operating system. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias txhua tus neeg tuaj yeem nyeem, hloov pauv, thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, qhia cov lej ntawm lub plawv ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov xov tooj smartphones. Kev sib koom tes yog ua tau los ntawm qhov kev qhib siab no.
Tsis zoo li Microsoft Windows, piv txwv li, uas tau tsim thiab tswj los ntawm ib lub tuam txhab. Ntau tshaj 15000 programmers los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no pab txhawb rau kev txhim kho thiab kho Linux. Cov programmers no tuaj yeem muab los tsim ib yam tshiab uas tau muab faib dawb.
Open-Source yog dab tsi?
Ib daim ntawm software uas tus thawj qhov chaws tau tshaj tawm rau pej xeem thiab tej zaum yuav muab qhia thiab hloov kho raws li tus neeg siv xav tau. Open-source software yog software nyob rau hauv uas lub hauv paus code los yog lub hauv paus code yog feem ntau siv tau rau leej twg los hloov los yog txhim kho rau reusability thiab accessibility.
Ib qho ntawm cov software yuav raug tswj xyuas thiab hloov pauv los ntawm leej twg kom cov kev pab cuam lossis daim ntawv thov ua haujlwm zoo. Programmers uas muaj kev nkag mus rau lub khoos phis tawj program's qhov chaws tuaj yeem txhim kho nws los ntawm kev ntxiv cov yam ntxwv lossis kho cov ntu uas tsis tas yuav ua haujlwm zoo.
Open-source software yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug decentralized thiab kev sib koom tes, cia siab rau cov phooj ywg txheeb xyuas thiab cov tswv yim tawm tswv yim. Vim tias nws yog tsim los ntawm cov zej zog es tsis yog ib tus kws sau ntawv lossis koom nrog, cov software qhib feem ntau tsis tshua kim, hloov tau yooj yim, thiab muaj lub neej ntev dua li cov software tsim tawm.
Txhua xyoo, qhov chaw qhib tau nce zuj zus, tshwm sim txhua qhov chaw ntawm tsoomfwv cov nroog mus rau cov tsev kawm. Nws kuj tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam ntawm cov lag luam ntawm txhua qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Qhov tseeb, qee qhov kev lag luam tau qhib qhov chaw mus rau qib tom ntej los ntawm kev nqis peev nyiaj txiag los yog koom tes nrog cov tsim tawm.
Kev sib koom tes txhawb nqa kev tsim kho tshiab nrog dawb thiab qhib qhov chaw. Ntau lub thev naus laus zis uas peb tau tso cai niaj hnub no yuav tsis hloov zuj zus lossis yuav raug tiv thaiv los ntawm txoj cai lij choj patent yog tias nws tsis yog rau nws.
Cov Keeb Kwm
Cov kws tshawb fawb ua haujlwm ntawm cov thev naus laus zis hauv internet thaum ntxov thiab kev sib txuas lus sib txuas lus tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev qhib thiab kev sib koom tes tshawb fawb ib puag ncig hauv xyoo 1950 thiab 1960s. Kev tshuaj xyuas cov phooj ywg thiab cov lus qhib tau txhawb nqa los ntawm Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), uas thaum kawg tau los ua lub hauv paus rau hauv internet niaj hnub.
Lub hauv paus code ntawm txhua pab pawg neeg siv tau muab qhia thiab txhim kho raws li. Cov rooj sab laj pab txhawb kev sib tham nrog rau kev txhim kho kev sib txuas lus qhib thiab kev sib koom tes. Kev sib koom tes, kev txheeb xyuas cov phooj ywg, kev sib txuas lus, thiab kev qhib siab tau ci rau hauv internet cov hauv paus hniav los ntawm lub sij hawm nws tau pib thaum ntxov 1990s.
Qhov kev xav ntawm kev tsim cov cai rau pej xeem muaj tshwm sim los ntawm kev tshaj tawm kev txawj ntse tau pib tsis raug cai los ntawm Richard Stallman, tus programmer ntawm MIT, xyoo 1983. Stallman xav tias software yuav tsum muaj rau cov programmer kom lawv hloov pauv raws li lawv pom zoo kom ua tau zoo dua. to taub, kawm txog, thiab txhim kho nws.
Stallman pib faib dawb software raws li nws tus kheej daim ntawv tso cai, GNU Public License. Cov txheej txheem tshiab no thiab tus cwj pwm nyob ib puag ncig kev txhim kho software tau txais kev txhawb nqa, nws thiaj li ua rau lub hauv paus ntawm Open Source Initiative hauv 1998.
Open-Source vs. Closed-Source Software
Open-Source Software
- Cov khoom siv tau siv tau yog lub khoos phis tawj software uas nws qhov chaws qhib rau pej xeem, tso cai rau leej twg saib thiab siv nws.
- Cov cai tuaj yeem hloov pauv los ntawm lwm tus neeg thiab cov koom haum, qhov chaws tuaj yeem siv tau rau txhua tus.
- Tus nqi ntawm qhov qhib software yog qhov tsawg heev.
- Yog tias qhov kev zov me nyuam nrov, tus lej tseem ceeb ntawm cov programmers tuaj yeem raug xa mus rau qhov project.
- Muaj kev txwv tsawg dua rau cov neeg siv hais txog kev siv software thiab kev hloov kho.
- Txhua lub tshuab yuav raug teeb tsa los khiav software qhib.
- Firefox, Android los ntawm Google, Linux operating system, Android, Thunderbird, MySQL, Mailman, Moodle, Perl, PHP, thiab Python yog qee qhov piv txwv.
Closed-source Software
- Kaw qhov chaw software yog computer software nrog kaw qhov chaws, uas txhais tau hais tias cov pej xeem tsis muaj kev nkag mus rau qhov chaws.
- Tsuas yog tus neeg lossis pab pawg uas tsim cov software muaj peev xwm hloov cov cai.
- Lub hauv paus code ntawm kaw qhov software muaj kev tiv thaiv.
- Muaj ntau qhov txwv txwv rau cov neeg siv nyob ntawm software usability thiab customization.
- Lub tuam txhab software / lub koom haum ntiav cov programmer los txhim kho cov software.
- Kaw qhov software yog kim.
- Ua ntej yuav nruab rau hauv ib lub computer, kaw software yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv tso cai siv tau.
- Tsis muaj qhov chaw rau kev ua yuam kev hauv software kaw.
- Skype, Google Earth, Java, Adobe Flash, Virtual Box, Adobe Reader, Microsoft Office, Microsoft Windows, WinRAR, mac OS, Adobe Flash Player yog qee qhov piv txwv.
Cov Kev Pab
Open-source code tau pab ob qho kev xav tau tsim tawm thiab cov tuam txhab loj hauv lawv cov kev txawj ntse. Nws yog ib qho kev kawm uas tsis muaj qhov xaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim qhov nce ntawm coding. Qhov kev nthuav dav txuas ntxiv ntawm cov tswv yim no tsuas yog pib ntawm qhov software zoo li no tuaj yeem pab koj lub koom haum.
Stretching ib pob nyiaj yuav yog kev sib ntaus sib tua txhua hnub rau kev pib ua haujlwm. Qhov muaj ntawm cov phiaj xwm qhib tau tso cai rau cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem txais cov thev naus laus zis tshiab yam tsis tau them tus nqi koom nrog lossis kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus mus sij hawm ntev. Ib cag ntawm tus nqi qis (lossis tsis muaj) tus nqi, qhib cov tsev qiv ntawv tso cai rau pab pawg tau txais lub taub hau ntawm kev tsim kho IT infrastructure lossis tsim daim ntawv thov tshiab.
Ntau qhov haujlwm no twb tau ua tiav rau koj ua tsaug rau qhov qhib-qhov chaw. Qhov no tso tawm cov neeg tsim khoom lub sijhawm rau kev ua kom zoo thiab kho kom haum. Yuav muaj cov xwm txheej uas cov koom haum xav pib los ntawm kos nrog kev txhim kho, tab sis txawm tias lub ntiaj teb cov npe loj tshaj plaws paub txog lub sijhawm thiab nyiaj txiag txuag los ntawm kev siv cov cuab yeej qhib. Cov khoom qhib qhib, txawm tias siv los ua cov khoom siv pib rau cov apps nyuaj lossis cov khoom ntawm cov lus sib dhos me me los pab ua kom tiav qhov project yuav yog ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo rau ob tus neeg tsim khoom thiab pab pawg ua haujlwm.
Cov zej zog hauv online xws li GitHub nthuav tawm cov software qhib kev sib koom tes, muab lub tsev rau ntau lab tus neeg tsim khoom thiab tuam txhab lag luam los tuav, ntsuas, thiab siv cov platform qhib. Microsoft tau them $ 7.5 nphom rau lub platform xyoo 2018. Qhov no yuav yog qhov piv txwv pom zoo tshaj plaws rau hnub tim ntawm qhov nrov qhib qhov chaw siv tshuab tau dhau los, thiab tsim cov IT loj loj tau nqis peev rau yav tom ntej ntawm lub zej zog no.
Rau ntau yam laj thawj, tsim thiab ua tiav qhov qhib-qhov software zoo tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Ib leeg thiab ua ke, qhib cov software tsim tawm nrhiav cov lus teb zoo tshaj plaws rau cov kev sib tw, uas ua rau cov software muaj kev ntseeg siab, nyab xeeb, thiab pub dawb. Qhov kev zov me nyuam txhim kho lub sijhawm dhau los vim lawv txoj haujlwm tsis muaj zog.
Cov txheej txheem yog pab los ntawm ntau lub hauv paus, suav nrog Linux Foundation, uas txhawb kev qhib-qhov chaw hla ntau lub thev naus laus zis, Apache Software Foundation, thiab Eclipse Foundation.
Lawv tsim cov qauv hauv kev koom tes nrog cov behemoths xws li AWS, Facebook, Google, IBM, Microsoft, Netflix, thiab SAP, nrog rau cov tuam txhab kho vajtse xws li Cisco, Intel, thiab Tesla. Lawv kuj tsim cov neeg muag khoom-kev ywj pheej lub tsev rau cov haujlwm, muab kev pabcuam nyiaj txiag rau kev tsim kho vaj tse, pab kev lag luam, thiab xaiv pawg neeg ua haujlwm los xaiv cov phiaj xwm ntse.
Txhawm rau xaus, qee qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev qhib qhov chaw yog:
- Cov nqi kho vajtse qis dua.
- Software ntawm exceptional zoo.
- Thoob ntiaj teb kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom.
- Flexibility thiab kev ywj pheej.
- Kev tswj cov ntawv tso cai yog yooj yim.
- Concentration thiab scaling ntawm tej yaam num.
Qhov Risks
Raws li tau hais hauv nqe lus dhau los, qhov chaw qhib yuav muab ntau yam zoo. Tam sim no peb yuav saib cov peev txheej tsis zoo lossis kev phom sij txuas nrog nws, uas poob rau hauv peb pawg raws li hauv qab no:
- Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Ruaj Ntseg
- Zoo Risk
- Ua raws li Risk
Cov khoom qhib qhib tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw cia khoom hauv internet, thiab cov neeg tsim khoom tsis muaj txhais tau tias paub tias lawv zoo npaum li cas lossis nyab xeeb. Cov koom haum uas tsis nqis peev los tswj lawv cov kev siv ua rau lawv tus kheej muaj kev pheej hmoo, thiab lawv tuaj yeem them tus nqi tom qab thaum kho qhov yuam kev yuav kim dua.
Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Ruaj Ntseg
Hackers tuaj yeem ua tau nyiaj ntau los siv qhov qhib qhov chaw ruaj ntseg tsis zoo. Qhov no muab rau hackers tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv lawv xav tau los tua. Txhawm rau ua qhov tsis zoo, vim tias nws tau siv dav heev, qhov tsis zoo hauv cov khoom siv nrov muaj cov neeg nyiag nkas ntau tus neeg raug tsim txom. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov neeg nyiag nkas tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov zej zog thiab ceev nrooj siv cov kev paub txog kev ruaj ntseg tsis zoo hauv cov khoom siv qhib nrov.
Cov lag luam software muaj kev pheej hmoo rau kev tawm tsam tsis zoo yog tias lawv tsis saib xyuas lawv qhov kev siv qhib thiab tsis paub txog cov tsev qiv ntawv uas muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv lawv cov cai.
Zoo Risk
Thaum lub tuam txhab siv sijhawm ntau thiab nyiaj txiag los xyuas kom meej qhov zoo ntawm nws txoj cai proprietary, nws zoo nkaus li tias ntau pab pawg txhim kho qis qis lossis tsis quav ntsej qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv qhib. Tau kawg, peb txhua tus xav kom peb cov khoom kawg ua kom zoo ib yam thiab ruaj khov nyob rau hauv siab.
Ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj nws nyuaj rau kev txheeb xyuas tias qhov qhib-qhov software tivthaiv tsis cuam tshuam rau cov xwm txheej ntawm koj cov khoom yog vim tias tsis muaj cov txheej txheem pom zoo rau kev ntsuas nws qhov zoo, thiab qhov qhib-qhov kev sib koom ua ke tuaj yeem ua rau nws nyuaj rau ntsuas.
Ua raws li Risk
Txhua qhov qhib-qhov software tivthaiv, nrog rau nws qhov kev vam khom, tau tso cai. Thaum peb siv lawv hauv peb qhov project, peb cog lus rau cov txheej txheem thiab cov xwm txheej uas peb yuav tsum ua raws. Rau cov neeg uas tsis paub txog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tso cai qhib qhov chaw, qhov no tuaj yeem ua npau suav phem.
Qee qhov chaw qhib qhov project tsis muaj cov ntawv tso cai los ntawm qhov chaw, txhais tau hais tias cov cai txwv tsis pub siv los ntawm lub neej ntawd. Vim muaj ntau daim ntawv tso cai, ua tau raws li tag nrho cov kev cai lij choj yuav tsum nruj heev. Koj puas paub tias muaj ntau dua 200 qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntawv tso cai qhib, txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb, thiab feem ntau cuam tshuam cov ntsiab lus thiab cov xwm txheej?
Lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm Open-Source
Cov nthwv dej tshiab ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab yuav raug txhawb los ntawm software uas yog los ntawm kev sib koom tes, tsis yog los ntawm ib lub lag luam xwb, tab sis los ntawm lub zej zog mob siab rau kev txhim kho tag nrho ib puag ncig.
Cov tuam txhab tau tso lawv cov neeg tsim tawm los sib tw hauv digital arena, nrog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua thawj zaug los tsim kev tsim kho tshiab nyob rau hauv kev lag luam thev naus laus zis, raws li nws txuas ntxiv nthuav tawm cov lag luam.
Cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem kev sim thiab kev siv tau zoo los ntawm kev siv lub zej zog qhib thiab kawm los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom zoo tshaj plaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog cov dej nyab ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab xws li AI, tshuab kev kawm, thiab robotics nce qib.
Thaum cov neeg ua haujlwm coj kom zoo dua ntawm lub zej zog, kev daws teeb meem, peb pom kev lag luam nce. Los ntawm tsheb tsav tus kheej mus rau kev kho mob robots, cov nroog ntse mus rau cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv, peb tsis xav tso siab rau cov lus teb rau cov kev cov nyom no rau cov tuam txhab me me. Hloov chaw, peb yuav tsum cia siab rau qhov chaw qhib thiab cov neeg tsim khoom zoo nkauj kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws.
xaus
Qhov qhib-qhov txav yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev nce qib sai ntawm cov thev naus laus zis nyob rau ob peb lub xyoo dhau los. Thaum qhib-qhov chaw muaj qee qhov kev pheej hmoo, muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig thiab kev cog lus rau yav tom ntej. Lub zej zog loj ntawm cov neeg koom tes, yuav ua li cas-cov lus qhia rau kev pib, kawm los ntawm kev kawm lwm tus neeg cov cai, thiab tau txais kev sib txuas lus nrog lwm tus engineers yog qee cov txiaj ntsig zoo uas koj tau txais los ntawm cov software qhib.
Yog tias koj tseem xav pib pab rau qhov qhib qhov project, ua ntej nrhiav ib qho uas nyiam koj, ces tshawb GitHub rau ib daim ntawv lo uas hais tias "zoo thawj qhov teeb meem" lossis qee yam zoo sib xws. Zoo Thawj Qhov Teeb Meem yog ib qhov project uas curates yooj yim xaiv los ntawm nrov tej yaam num rau developers uas tsis tau pab ua ntej.
Sau ntawv cia Ncua