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Lub tsev huv si thiab ruaj khov code yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua qhov project qhov kev vam meej mus ntev hauv kev txhim kho software. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cai huv thiab ruaj khov yog qhov qub tuaj yeem hloov kho thiab khaws cia thoob plaws lub sijhawm, thaum yav tas los yooj yim nyeem, nkag siab, thiab hloov kho.
Cov lus qhia no yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias lawv pub dawb cov neeg tsim tawm los ntawm lub nra ntawm sifting los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav kev tsis sib haum xeeb txhawm rau txhawm rau nrawm ntxiv cov yam ntxwv tshiab thiab daws qhov yuam kev.
Muab cov phiaj xwm software sib txawv thiab sib cais ntawm kev txhawj xeeb, dos architecture tuaj yeem pab ua kom tiav cov hom phiaj no.
Dos Architecture tso cai rau cov neeg tsim khoom kom mloog zoo rau cov laj thawj ntawm txhua txheej yam tsis xav txog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov qib hauv qab los ntawm kev rhuav tshem ib daim ntawv thov mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem concentric. Vim tias kev hloov kho rau ib txheej tsis cuam tshuam rau lwm tus, qhov kev sib cais ntawm lub luag haujlwm no ua rau kev saib xyuas cov cai thiab hloov kho yooj yim dua lub sijhawm.
Cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem tsim cov software uas ua haujlwm tau zoo, tswj tau, thiab hloov pauv mus ntev los ntawm kev siv cov ntsiab lus ntawm dos architecture.
Hauv tsab ntawv no, peb yuav tshuaj xyuas cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, qhov zoo, thiab kev siv cov dos architecture rau koj cov haujlwm.
Dos architecture yog dab tsi?
Ib txoj hauv kev rau txheej txheej txheej ntawm daim ntawv thov raws li nws txoj haujlwm thiab lub hom phiaj yog hu ua dos architecture. Tus qauv entails tsim concentric voj voog los yog txheej nyob ib ncig ntawm ib tug central domain qauv, txhua tus ntawm cov uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau ib tug txawv txoj hauj lwm thiab muaj dependencies ntws mus rau hauv lub hauv paus.
Daim ntawv thov cov infrastructure thiab cov neeg siv interface yog sawv cev los ntawm daim ntawv thov txheej txheej, thaum daim ntawv thov cov core domain logic yog sawv cev los ntawm txheej nrog txheej siab tshaj plaws.
Dos Architecture muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev tsim kom muaj kev nthuav dav, sib txawv software systems. Nws yog qhov yooj yim dua rau kev sim, tswj, thiab txhim kho cov codebase thaum lub sij hawm ib daim ntawv thov tsim nyob rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, uas cais cov lag luam logic los ntawm cov zaub txheej thiab infrastructure.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev hloov pauv no ua rau cov neeg tsim khoom sib pauv cov ntu lossis cov thev naus laus zis yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lwm cov kab ke, uas tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov xwm txheej uas qee lub tshuab lossis cov kev pabcuam yuav dhau los lossis dhau los.
Layers ntawm Dos architecture
Lub hauv paus ntawm dos architecture yog lub tswv yim ntawm concentric voj voog los yog txheej, txhua tus uas muaj qhov sib txawv thiab cuam tshuam nrog lwm tus hauv txoj hauv kev kom meej meej. Qhov ntau yam ntawm Cov Khaub Ncaws Ntoo Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg thiab lawv muaj xws li cov hauv qab no:
Domain Txheej
Qhov tseem ceeb domain logic ntawm daim ntawv thov muaj nyob ntawm no, lub deepest txheej ntawm dos architecture. Nws qhia txog qhov cov qauv ntaub ntawv, qauv, thiab cov chaw uas piav txog daim ntawv thov kev lag luam sau npe.
Kev tswj hwm kev lag luam, kev siv tau, thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb uas ua rau daim ntawv thov lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem sau npe. Nws yog qhov yooj yim dua rau kev sim thiab tswj yog tias lub logic sau cia sib nrug ntawm lwm qib.
Daim Ntawv Thov Txheej Txheem
Daim ntawv thov txheej sawv nruab nrab ntawm cov txheej txheem sau npe thiab txheej txheej txheej txheem. Siv cov ntaub ntawv, cov lus qhia, thiab lwm yam ntsiab lus ua rau daim ntawv thov logic, uas ua rau kev lag luam logic ntawm daim ntawv thov. Txhawm rau ua kom tiav nws cov haujlwm, daim ntawv thov txheej sib txuas lus nrog cov txheej txheem sau npe.
Nws kuj sib pauv cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov txheej txheem txheej txheem txhawm rau nyeem thiab sau cov ntaub ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, txheej txheej no muaj API uas cov txheej txheem txheej txheem tuaj yeem ua kom tau txais cov kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam, thiab nws yog tus saib xyuas kev hloov cov kev cai no rau hauv cov cai siv tau.
Cov Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheej
Cov txheej txheem sib txuas lus nrog cov chaw sab nraud xws li databases, APIs, thiab cov kev pabcuam sab nraud yog hu ua txheej txheej txheej txheej. Nws cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem sau los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam thiab muab kev siv rau kev sib cuam tshuam tau teev tseg los ntawm daim ntawv thov txheej.
Cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia, kev sib txuas lus, thiab kev ruaj ntseg tsuas yog qee qhov tshwj xeeb uas cov txheej txheem no saib xyuas thaum txuas nrog cov peev txheej sab nraud. Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem tuaj yeem hloov pauv thiab cov yam ntxwv tshiab ntxiv yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lwm qhov ntawm daim ntawv thov los ntawm kev ua kom nws ywj siab los ntawm lwm qib.
Qhia Tawm Txheej
Daim ntawv thov tus neeg siv interface yog tsim los ntawm kev pom thiab cov tswj hwm, thiab cov txheej txheem nthuav qhia yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tswj hwm nws. Txhawm rau kom tau txais thiab teeb tsa cov ntaub ntawv thiab tswj cov neeg siv khoom nkag thiab tawm, nws sib txuas lus nrog cov txheej txheem thov.
Txhawm rau ua kom tiav cov haujlwm thiab qhia cov ntaub ntawv hauv txoj hauv kev uas yooj yim rau cov neeg siv kawg kom nkag siab, txheej txheej no ua haujlwm nrog rau cov txheej txheem thov. Cov txheej txheem nthuav qhia yuav tsum tau khaws cia cais los ntawm lwm qib kom tso cai hloov tawm cov neeg siv interfaces thiab tswj cov codebase yooj yim dua.
5 Cov Thawj Coj Tseem Ceeb ntawm Dos architecture
Lub software tsim los ntawm ntau lub tswv yim tseem ceeb uas ua rau Dos Architecture. Cov txheej txheem no lav lub codebase lub modularity, testability, thiab kev ruaj ntseg mus ntev. Cov tswv yim qhia ntawm dos architecture yog raws li nram no:
- Kev sib cais ntawm kev txhawj xeeb: Lub tswv yim no hu rau segmenting ntau yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib daim ntawv thov rau hauv cov modules lossis cov txheej txheem. Txhua txheej yuav tsum muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm lwm tus vim nws muaj lub luag haujlwm sib txawv. Nws yog qhov yooj yim dua rau kev sim, tswj, thiab hloov kho cov codebase raws li lub sijhawm mus ua tsaug rau qhov kev faib tawm no.
- Concentric Layer: Cov dos architecture suav nrog kev teeb tsa daim ntawv thov txheej rau hauv cov voj voog concentric uas yog nruab nrab ntawm tus qauv hauv nruab nrab. Lub lag luam logic ntawm daim ntawv thov yog nyob rau hauv lub deepest txheej, uas stands nyob rau hauv lub domain qauv. Daim ntawv thov tus neeg siv interface thiab infrastructure yog sawv cev nyob rau hauv txheej txheej.
- Independence of Layers: Cov dos architecture cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yuav tsum muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm ib leeg. Qhov no txhais tau tias rau ib txheej ua haujlwm zoo, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob ntawm lwm txheej. Hloov chaw, txhua txheej yuav tsum muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm lwm tus thiab muaj cov lus txhais tau zoo.
- Dependency Txhaj Tshuaj: Nrog cov dos architecture, dependencies ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yog tswj siv cov txheej txheem tsim hu ua dependency txhaj. Nws entails muab kev vam khom rau ib feem es tsis pub nws tsim lawv ntawm nws tus kheej. Lub codebase yuav hloov tau yooj yim dua thiab hloov tau raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub tswv yim no.
- Chav ntsuas: Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Dos Architecture yog chav kuaj. Txhua txheej yuav tsum tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev uas ua rau kev sim yooj yim. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias txhua txheej yuav tsum muaj kev sib cuam tshuam zoo nrog rau lwm qib thiab tsis muaj cov peev txheej sab nraud xws li databases lossis APIs. Qhov kev ntseeg siab thiab kab-dawb ntawm cov codebase yog ob qho tib si ua kom ntseeg tau los ntawm kev sim ntsuas.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Dos architecture
Lub "Onion Architecture," tus tsim software paub zoo, muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig rau cov lag luam thiab cov tsim tawm. Qee qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm dos architecture yog teev hauv qab no.
Scalability
Lub modular layout nyiam los ntawm Dos Architecture ua rau nws yooj yim rau scale daim ntawv thov. Tus tsim yog tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm lub core domain txheej uas yog lub tsev ntawm daim ntawv thov kev lag luam logic thiab yog encircled los ntawm lwm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg uas cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam ntawm daim ntawv thov.
Qhov kev zov me nyuam tuaj yeem nthuav dav tau yooj yim nrog cov yam ntxwv ntxiv thiab muaj peev xwm vim tias nws cov qauv tsim qauv tsis cuam tshuam rau thawj txheej txheej.
Nws tseem yog qhov yooj yim dua los tswj hwm tus qauv tsim tag nrho vim tias muaj kev sib cais ntawm lub luag haujlwm thoob plaws ntau theem, uas txhais tau hais tias kev hloov kho hauv ib txheej tsis xav tau kev hloov pauv hauv lwm txheej.
Kev xeem
Dos Architecture's testability yog ib qho ntawm nws qhov zoo. Nws yog qhov yooj yim dua los sim txhua txheej ntawm nws tus kheej vim tias cov qauv tsim txhawb kev sib cais ntawm kev txhawj xeeb.
Cov neeg tsim tawm tuaj yeem tsim cov kev sim ntsuas uas siv tau rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua yam khoom siv los ntawm kev faib cov kev pab cuam rau hauv cov khoom me me, ywj pheej. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev zov me nyuam ua haujlwm tau zoo, qhov no kuj ua rau nws yooj yim dua los nrhiav thiab kho qhov yuam kev.
Kev Tu Vaj Tse
Lub modular thiab decoupled architecture uas Dos Architecture txhawb kom nws yooj yim dua los tuav daim ntawv thov lub sijhawm. Cov neeg tsim tawm tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau ib txheej yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lwm qib vim tias txhua txheej muaj cov haujlwm sib txawv thiab sib txuas lus nrog lwm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg los ntawm kev qhia meej meej.
Yog li ntawd, hloov cov kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim dua yam tsis tas yuav rov sau dua daim ntawv thov software.
yooj Yim
Qhov kev hloov kho Dos Architecture tso cai rau cov neeg tsim khoom hloov kho daim ntawv thov yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lwm cov kab ke. Cov neeg tsim tawm tuaj yeem hloov lossis hloov kho cov khoom yam tsis tas yuav hloov pauv lwm cov txheej txheem vim tias txhua txheej yog tswj hwm tus kheej thiab tsuas yog sib txuas lus nrog lwm qib los ntawm kev sib txuas lus zoo.
Qhov no tshem tawm qhov xav tau kev txhawj xeeb txog kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab ua rau cov koom haum kho kom hloov pauv kev lag luam thiab cov neeg xav tau.
Cov kev txwv
Txawm hais tias Dos Architecture yog lub zog tsim software uas muaj ntau yam zoo, nws tsis yog qhov tsis zoo. Hauv qab no yog qee qhov kev txwv ntawm dos architecture:
- Ua kom nyuaj: Qhov nyuaj ntawm daim ntawv thov tuaj yeem nce raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm dos architecture, uas yog ib qho ntawm nws qhov tsis zoo. Cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum tswj hwm cov cai ntau dua thiab cuam tshuam nrog qhov nyuaj ntxiv ntawm kev teeb tsa kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheej vim yog kev faib cov kev pab cuam mus rau hauv me me, ntau cov khoom siv modular.
- Txoj Kev Kawm Qib Siab: Cov neeg tsim tawm uas tsis paub txog cov ntsiab lus qhia thiab cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim qauv tuaj yeem pom tias nws nyuaj rau kev paub txog Dos Architecture. Rau daim ntawv thov kom muaj kev vam khom, tswj tau, thiab ua kom muaj peev xwm, cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum paub txog yuav ua li cas siv cov txheej txheem architecture thiab kev sib tshuam kom raug.
- Kev Ua Haujlwm Tshaj Tawm: Vim yog cov txheej txheem ntxiv thiab cov kev sib txuas uas xav tau, dos architecture yuav muab kev nplua rau daim ntawv thov. Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kev zov me nyuam tuaj yeem qeeb los ntawm cov lej ntxiv thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem.
- Tshaj-Engineering: Siv Cov Dos Architecture nce qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom siv ntau dhau ntawm daim ntawv thov. Cov neeg tsim khoom muaj kev pheej hmoo tsim kom muaj qhov nyuaj heev, tsis meej pem kev tsim los ntawm kev tsom ntau dhau ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab kev sib cais ntawm lub luag haujlwm.
- Lub sij hawm txhim kho ntxiv: Dos Architecture kev siv yuav siv sij hawm ntev dua li lwm yam kev tsim nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev loj hlob lub sij hawm thiab kev rau siab. Cov txheej txheem thiab cov kev sib tshuam hauv kev tsim vaj tsev yuav tsum tau npaj kom zoo thiab tsim los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom, uas tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb hauv kev loj hlob.
Ua raws li kev tsim vaj tsev cog qoob loo rau koj txoj kev lag luam
Kev siv dos Architecture tej zaum yuav nyuaj, tab sis siv txoj hauv kev zoo tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim dua. Cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem siv cov kauj ruam hauv qab no los siv Dos Architecture:
- Pib nrog Domain Layer: Domain Layer yuav tsum yog thawj txheej uas cov neeg tsim khoom tsim vim nws tsim lub hauv paus ntawm Dos Architecture. Txhais cov chaw thiab cov qauv uas sib haum rau daim ntawv thov kev lag luam logic.
- Txhais cov kev siv: Siv cov ntaub ntawv ua tus sawv cev ntawm daim ntawv thov kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Cov ntaub ntawv siv yuav tsum raug lees paub los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom, thiab cov txheej txheem txuas lawv yuav tsum tau teev tseg.
- Siv cov txheej txheem thov: Cov xwm txheej siv thiab kev ua haujlwm tau teev tseg hauv theem dhau los yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv kev coj ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem thov. Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev nthuav qhia thiab cov txheej txheem txheej txheem.
- Iua kom cov txheej txheem Infrastructure: Daim ntawv thov txuas nrog rau cov kev pabcuam sab nraud xws li databases thiab APIs los ntawm Infrastructure Layer. Cov txheej no yuav tsum muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm daim ntawv thov txheej thiab yuav tsum sib txuas lus nrog nws ntawm interfaces.
- Siv cov txheej txheem nthuav qhia: Tus neeg siv interface ntawm qhov kev pab cuam yog ua los ntawm Kev nthuav qhia txheej. Cov txheej no yuav tsum tau nyob ib leeg los ntawm lwm tus thiab yuav tsum sib txuas lus nrog cov ntawv thov txheej ntawm interfaces.
- Siv Kev Txhaj Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv: Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov dos architecture yog kev vam meej txhaj tshuaj. Cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem lav tias cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg muaj kev ywj pheej thiab muaj peev xwm raug sim cais los ntawm kev tso cov kev vam meej rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg los ntawm kev sib tshuam.
- Sau Qhov Kev Xeem: Txhawm rau kom paub tseeb tias qhov kev zov me nyuam ua haujlwm raws li qhov xav tau, kev sim ntsuas hauv chav yog qhov tseem ceeb. Rau txhua txheej ntawm architecture, cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum tsim cov ntawv xeem kom paub tseeb tias nws ua haujlwm raws li qhov xav tau.
- Khaws cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg: Dos Architecture cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yuav tsum muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm ib leeg. Yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm theem, thiab txhua txheej yuav tsum sib txuas lus nrog lwm tus los ntawm kev sib txuas.
xaus
Hauv kev xaus, txhua qhov kev tsim kho software yuav tsum pib nrog kev sau ntawv khaws cia, huv si. Nws lav tias codebase yog scalable, tswj tau, thiab nkag siab. Cov cai huv huv yog yooj yim nyeem, uas yooj yim rau kev debugging thiab hloov kho.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nws ua rau lub sijhawm txhim kho luv dua vim tias cov cai yooj yim nkag siab thiab muaj qhov tsis xws luag.
Ib qho qauv tsim zoo rau cov neeg sau ntawv ntawm cov cai huv, ntev ntev yog dos architecture. Dos Architecture pab kom lav tias txhua txheej muaj lub luag haujlwm sib txawv thiab raug cais tawm ntawm lwm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke kev txhawj xeeb rau hauv ntau txheej..
Vim muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm ntawm txhua txheej ntawm nws tus kheej, kev sib cais ntawm lub luag haujlwm ua rau nws yooj yim rau kev hloov kho thiab tswj cov cai.
Sau ntawv cia Ncua