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- 1. Koj txhais li cas los ntawm lub network?
- 2. Dab tsi yog kev ruaj ntseg network?
- 3. Hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ruaj ntseg network, koj txhais li cas los ntawm kev pheej hmoo, qhov tsis zoo, thiab kev hem thawj?
- 4. Dab tsi yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub computer network nres?
- 5. Hais txog koj lub tsev network, koj puas muaj Wireless Access Point, thiab yog tias muaj, koj yuav tiv thaiv nws li cas?
- 6. Cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm kev ruaj ntseg network ua haujlwm li cas txhawm rau ua tiav hauv ib lub koom haum?
- 9. Dab tsi yog ntau yam VPN ntau yam, thiab thaum twg yuav siv ib qho?
- 10. Koj paub li cas txog cov xov xwm kev ruaj ntseg network? Koj nyeem cov dab neeg no ntau npaum li cas? Koj nrhiav tau xov xwm txog kev ruaj ntseg qhov twg?
- 11. Dab tsi ntawm cov neeg siv kev lees paub tseeb yog qhov nyab xeeb tshaj plaws?
- 12. Koj yuav ua li cas los tiv thaiv lub wireless network?
- 13. Cov kev ntsuas twg ua tau zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam?
- 14. Piav txog CIA.
- 15. Piav seb qhov sib luag thiab asymmetric encryption txawv li cas.
- 16. Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm lub npe server los ntawm firewall?
- 17. Koj txhais li cas los ntawm IPS?
- 18. Hais txog kev ruaj ntseg network, kev tiv thaiv kev nkag mus yog dab tsi?
- 19. Muab ib qho piv txwv uas koj yuav tsum tau daws teeb meem hauv lub network.
- 20. Piav qhov txawv ntawm lub kaus mom dawb thiab lub kaus mom dub hacker.
- 21. Hais txog kev ruaj ntseg, HTTPS lossis SSL, qhov twg zoo dua?
- 22. Koj yuav ua li cas yog tias koj pom tus cwj pwm tsis txaus ntseeg hauv koj cov ntawv teev npe network?
- 23. Piav qhia lub hom phiaj ntawm salting thiab cov txheej txheem koom nrog.
- 24. Piav txog UTM firewall.
- 25. Vim li cas network firewalls tsis sib haum nrog Active FTP?
- 26. Tus "Txiv Neej Hauv Nruab Nrab" tawm tsam: koj teb li cas?
- 27. Koj puas tau sau cov cai ruaj ntseg?
- 28. Qhov kev soj ntsuam raws li lub xeev yog dab tsi?
- 29. Koj txhais li cas los ntawm Ransomware?
- 30. Piav txog DDoS nres.
- 31. Spyware: Nws yog dab tsi?
- 32. Piav txog malware.
- 33. Phishing: Nws yog dab tsi?
- 34. Dab tsi yog adware?
- 35. Qhov kev tiv thaiv twg yuav ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws rau CSRF?
- 36. Peb tsom mus ntxiv dag zog rau peb cybersecurity. Dab tsi yog qee qhov chaw koj xav tias peb yuav tsum tsom mus rau?
- 37. Dab tsi zaus ntawm kev saib xyuas lub network raug pom zoo?
- 38. Dab tsi yog botnet?
- 39. Piav txog traceroute.
- 40. Peb qhov tseem ceeb twg koj yuav tsum ua los tiv thaiv Linux server yog tias koj ua haujlwm nrog ib qho?
- xaus
Hauv ib puag ncig kev lag luam tam sim no, txhua lub tuam txhab, loj thiab me, tso siab rau hauv internet thiab cov ntaub ntawv digital los ua lag luam. Txhawm rau siv lub peev xwm hauv internet, kev lag luam ntau ntxiv tau siv cov tes hauj lwm rau lawv cov haujlwm.
Sab hauv tes hauj lwm muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua phem thiab hackers thaum lawv pib sib pauv cov ntaub ntawv hauv online. Lub network thiab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nws yuav tsum muaj kev ruaj ntseg raws li qhov tshwm sim, uas yog qhov tsim nyog heev.
Kev ua txhaum kev ruaj ntseg ntxiv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub koom haum tsim nyog lossis lub koob npe nrov nrog rau kev ua lag luam. Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub tuam txhab network infrastructure thiab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb heev.
Raws li lub ntiaj teb loj hlob ntau dua computerized, yog li qhov kev thov rau cov kws tshaj lij kev ruaj ntseg network engineers. Cov kws tshaj lij no yog tus saib xyuas kev npaj thiab ua raws li kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb khoos phis tawj tes hauj lwm los ntawm kev siv tsis raug cai, tub sab nyiag, lossis kev puas tsuaj.
Yog tias koj xav ua haujlwm hauv qhov kev xav tau no, koj yuav tsum tau npaj los teb ntau yam lus nug txog koj qhov kev paub dhau los thiab kev paub thaum xam phaj haujlwm.
Cov ntawv tshaj tawm no yuav muab rau koj yooj yim rau cov lus nug txog kev sib tham hauv network ruaj ntseg thiab cov lus teb uas yuav pab koj sawv thiab tau txais txoj haujlwm koj xav tau.
1. Koj txhais li cas los ntawm lub network?
Lub network yog ib qho kev sib sau ntawm cov khoos phis tawj txuas thiab lwm yam khoom siv uas tso cai rau cov ntaub ntawv txav mus los ntawm lawv. Qhov no yog tus txheej txheem ntawm kev khi ntau yam ua ke thiab ua kom muaj kev sib txuas lus ntawm lawv.
Lub peev xwm los qhia cov ntaub ntawv yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev sib txuas lus. Tib neeg tuaj yeem sib qhia cov ntaub ntawv thiab txuas nrog ib leeg hauv Is Taws Nem, lub network loj. Kev sib faib cov ntaub ntawv tso cai rau kev nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv sai thiab zoo dua.
Kev ruaj ntseg tseem yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txuas lus. Vim tias muaj ntau yam tshwm sim, kev sib txuas lus yog ib qho kev txaus ntshai. Koj tuaj yeem poob tag nrho koj cov ntaub ntawv, piv txwv li, yog tias ib tus neeg tawg rau hauv koj lub computer. Tej zaum koj yuav ntsib teeb meem yog tias ib tug neeg coj koj tus kheej.
2. Dab tsi yog kev ruaj ntseg network?
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ruaj ntseg network, ib feem ntawm cybersecurity, yog los tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv, kho vajtse, thiab software txuas nrog lub tuam txhab network.
Txhawm rau kom paub tseeb tias tag nrho cov khoom siv thiab cov apps siv lub tuam txhab lub network yog cov neeg siv raug cai thiab muaj kev tso cai nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv, cov kws tshaj lij nrog kev paub txog kev ruaj ntseg network hauv ib lub koom haum. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv lav tias tsis muaj kev ua txawv teb chaws tshwm sim ntawm lub tuam txhab network.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv siv ntau yam thev naus laus zis los lav qhov zoo ib yam. Nov yog ob peb hom kev daws teeb meem kev ruaj ntseg network uas tiv thaiv kev lag luam tawm tsam kev tawm tsam.
- Firewall kev ruaj ntseg
- Kev tiv thaiv huab
- Chaw ntiav vev-xaij
- Network tswj kev nkag
- Tshawb nrhiav thiab zam kev nkag mus
3. Hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ruaj ntseg network, koj txhais li cas los ntawm kev pheej hmoo, qhov tsis zoo, thiab kev hem thawj?
Qhov kev pheej hmoo yog ib yam uas tshwm sim thaum lub kaw lus muaj kev nyab xeeb tab sis tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg txaus, ua rau muaj kev phom sij. Ib qho kev tsis txaus siab lossis kev ua txhaum cai hauv koj lub network lossis cov khoom siv yog lub npe hu ua qhov tsis muaj zog (xws li modems, routers, cov ntsiab lus nkag).
Kev tawm tsam kab mob yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev phom sij vim nws muaj peev xwm pib qhov xwm txheej.
4. Dab tsi yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub computer network nres?
Hackers lossis cov neeg tawm tsam tsom mus rau lub khoos phis tawj network nrog lub hom phiaj ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev lag luam. Thaum lub khoos phis tawj network raug ua txhaum cai los ntawm kev ua phem lossis hack, qhov tsis zoo yuav tshwm sim.
- Cov txiaj ntsig tau raug txiav.
- Tus nqi poob ntawm cov shareholders
- Kev puas tsuaj
- Cov neeg siv khoom tsis txaus siab
- Hom nqi depreciation
- Poob cov ntaub ntawv tsis pub lwm tus paub thiab muaj tswv
5. Hais txog koj lub tsev network, koj puas muaj Wireless Access Point, thiab yog tias muaj, koj yuav tiv thaiv nws li cas?
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv WAP, tab sis peb feem ntau yog siv MAC chaw lim dej, WPA2, thiab tsis tshaj tawm SSID.
Qhov no yog lwm qhov kev sim los ntawm tus tswv haujlwm los txiav txim seb qhov tseem ceeb rau koj tus kheej ntawm kev ruaj ntseg. Tom qab tag nrho, cov tib neeg xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau lawv tus kheej!
6. Cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm kev ruaj ntseg network ua haujlwm li cas txhawm rau ua tiav hauv ib lub koom haum?
Cov hauv qab no yog qee lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg network hauv cov koom haum:
- Tso tseg tsis raug cai nkag mus rau lub network
- Xyuas kom tsis pub leej twg paub, kev ncaj ncees, thiab cov ntaub ntawv rhiab ntawm cov neeg siv network
- Tiv thaiv lub network los ntawm kev hem sab nraud xws li nyiag nkas thiab txwv tsis pub cov neeg siv nkag mus rau nws.
- Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov neeg siv phem los ntawm kev nyiag cov ntaub ntawv uas tau khaws cia lossis hauv kev thauj mus los lossis thoob plaws hauv lub network.
- Tiv thaiv lub network los ntawm malware thiab lwm yam kev tawm tsam (DDoS, MITM, Eavesdropping, thiab lwm yam)
7. Koj puas to taub ntau hom firewalls thiab lawv siv li cas?
Ib qho kev ruaj ntseg mechanism ua haujlwm los ntawm network engineers yog firewall.
Qhov no yog ib lo lus nug uas tus neeg xam phaj tuaj yeem nug koj seb koj puas muaj kev paub siv firewalls hauv koj txoj haujlwm ua ntej thiab nrhiav seb hom firewalls koj paub txog.
Sim piav qhia ntau yam ntawm firewalls thiab lawv ua haujlwm li cas hauv koj cov lus teb.
Piv txwv li: “Nyob rau hauv kuv txoj hauj lwm yav dhau los, kuv tau hais txog ob qho tib si hardware- thiab software-based firewalls. Kuv ntseeg tias txhua tus qauv muaj qhov zoo ntawm nws tus kheej.
Hardware-based firewalls, piv txwv li, tuaj yeem muaj kev nyab xeeb dua vim lawv kev koom ua ke rau hauv router nws tus kheej. Software-based firewalls, txawm li cas los xij, muab kev hloov kho yooj yim dua. Feem ntau, kuv ntseeg tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ntiav cov firewall uas tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau qhov xwm txheej.
8. Hais txog kev ruaj ntseg network, AAA sawv cev rau dab tsi?
Kev tso cai, authentication, thiab accounting yog abbreviated li AAA. Kev suav nyiaj yog ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam, txawm tias kev lees paub thiab kev tso cai yog ob tug ncej ntawm kev ruaj ntseg network.
- Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev txheeb xyuas tus neeg siv qhov raug cai raug xa mus rau kev lees paub. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas tus neeg siv, lawv ua ntau qhov kev kuaj mob.
- Txoj cai siv lub tuam txhab network tau tso cai rau ib tus neeg lossis cov khoom siv. Ib feem ntawm lub tuam txhab lub network yog ua kom nkag tau rau txhua tus neeg siv.
- Kev suav nyiaj piav qhia txog ib qho kev siv thev naus laus zis uas pab lub tuam txhab sau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nws cov tes hauj lwm ua haujlwm li cas. Thaum kawg, AAA yog lub hauv paus rau kev saib xyuas cov haujlwm network, tib neeg, thiab cov tshuab hauv kev lag luam.
9. Dab tsi yog ntau yam VPN ntau yam, thiab thaum twg yuav siv ib qho?
VPN yog ib qho cuab yeej rau kev ruaj ntseg network uas tso cai rau cov neeg siv kom muaj kev nyab xeeb txuas mus rau ntiag tug network. Koj qhov kev nkag siab ntawm ntau hom VPN thiab lawv cov ntawv thov hauv chaw ua haujlwm tuaj yeem raug ntsuas los ntawm tus neeg xam phaj los ntawm kev nug koj cov lus nug no.
Muaj ntau hom VPN raws li koj tuaj yeem teev nyob rau hauv koj cov lus teb, nrog rau kev piav qhia txog thaum twg txhua yam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws.
Ua piv txwv: Muaj ob hom VPNs: site-to-site thiab client-to-site. " Site-to-site VPNs tso cai rau cov lag luam los txuas lawv lub network tiav rau lub network ntawm lwm lub lag luam.
Qhov no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov tuam txhab uas muaj ntau qhov chaw lossis chaw ua haujlwm. Client-to-site VPNs ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm txuas mus rau cov peev txheej ntawm lub network nyob deb ntawm txhua qhov chaw.
Piv txwv li, yog tias kuv ua haujlwm nyob deb thiab xav nkag mus rau kuv lub tuam txhab cov servers, kuv tuaj yeem ua li ntawd los ntawm kev siv tus neeg siv khoom-rau-site VPN.
10. Koj paub li cas txog cov xov xwm kev ruaj ntseg network? Koj nyeem cov dab neeg no ntau npaum li cas? Koj nrhiav tau xov xwm txog kev ruaj ntseg qhov twg?
Hackers thiab cov ntaub ntawv ua txhaum cai tau ua cov xov xwm feem ntau nyob rau ob peb xyoos dhau los, thiab teeb meem kev ruaj ntseg network yog lub ntsiab lus kub tam sim no. Koj paub zoo npaum li cas txog cov xov xwm kev ruaj ntseg tsis ntev los no thiab qhov tshwm sim yuav yog qee yam uas tus tswv ntiav yuav xav paub.
Koj qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov xov xwm yog Twitter, Reddit, thiab Pab Pawg Cymru. Txawm li cas los xij, ceev faj kom paub meej tias qhov tseeb ntawm qhov chaw.
11. Dab tsi ntawm cov neeg siv kev lees paub tseeb yog qhov nyab xeeb tshaj plaws?
Ib qho ntawm cov lus nug hauv kev sib tham txog kev ruaj ntseg network yog qhov no. Koj tuaj yeem teb rau lo lus nug no los ntawm kev hais tias txoj kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg siv kev lees paub suav nrog biometrics, tokens, thiab passwords.
Tsis tas li ntawd, tus neeg siv authentication yog qhov yooj yim thiab nrawm ua tsaug rau ob qhov kev lees paub tseeb. Nws tseem muaj kev nyab xeeb los xyuas tus neeg siv cov ntaub ntawv tus kheej.
12. Koj yuav ua li cas los tiv thaiv lub wireless network?
Tus neeg xam phaj tuaj yeem nug koj txog seb koj yuav tiv thaiv wireless network li cas vim tias lawv yog ib txoj hauv kev rau kev sib txuas cov cuab yeej.
Muab piv txwv ntawm kev ntsuas kev ruaj ntseg uas koj siv los tiv thaiv wireless network los ntawm kev cuam tshuam sab nraud thiab kev sim nyiag.
Piv txwv li: Txij li cov tes hauj lwm wireless tsis muaj ib thaj tsam ntawm lub cev uas cov xov tooj muaj, lawv muaj feem cuam tshuam. Kuv pib los ntawm kev ua kom encryption ntawm txhua qhov chaw nkag wireless los tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam thaum nws raug xa mus ntawm cov khoom siv.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov neeg siv tsis xav tau los ntawm kev siv lub network, kuv txuas ntxiv firewalls. Qhov kawg tab sis tsis tsawg kawg, kuv muab tso rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav kev nkag mus los saib xyuas kev khiav tsheb thiab pom cov cwj pwm txawv.
13. Cov kev ntsuas twg ua tau zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam?
Muaj peb kauj ruam tseem ceeb uas koj tuaj yeem ua los tiv thaiv koj tus kheej los ntawm brute force login ntaus. Tus account lockout yog thawj kauj ruam. Txog thaum tus thawj tswj hwm txiav txim siab rov qhib tus as-qhauj, cov nyiaj ua txhaum cai raug kaw tseg.
Txoj kev tiv thaiv kev ncua ncua yog nce ntxiv. Hauv qhov no, tus account raug kaw tom qab qee tus lej ntawm kev nkag mus tsis tau rau qee hnub.
Qhov kev sib tw-kev sim teb, uas yog cov kauj ruam kawg, tiv thaiv kev xa tawm tsis siv neeg ua los ntawm kev siv nplooj ntawv nkag mus siv thev naus laus zis.
14. Piav txog CIA.
CIA yog lub ntsiab lus txhais tsis pub lwm tus paub, kev ncaj ncees, thiab muaj. Lub koom haum txoj cai rau kev ruaj ntseg cov ntaub ntawv yog ua raws li CIA qauv.
- Kev ceev ntiag tug yuav luag zoo ib yam li kev ceev ntiag tug. Txhawm rau txo qis kev ua phem thiab tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv rhiab los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv tes tsis ncaj ncees lawm, cov khoos phis tawj hauv computer yuav tsum muaj kev ceev ntiag tug.
- Kev tswj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv kev ncaj ncees thoob plaws nws lub neej tag nrho txhais tau tias ua kom nws zoo ib yam, raug, thiab ntseeg tau. Kev lees paub tias cov ntaub ntawv raug cuam tshuam thaum nyob hauv kev thauj mus los thiab kev ceev faj kom lav tias nws tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv los ntawm cov tog neeg tsis tau tso cai, thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij tsis pub lwm tus paub, yog ob qho tib si tsim nyog.
- Thaum lub network muaj, tag nrho nws cov kev tsim kho lub cev, software, thiab cov peev txheej tau ua rau cov neeg siv tau tso cai. Kev tuav lub luag haujlwm ua haujlwm tag nrho tsis muaj teeb meem software thiab ua haujlwm kho kom sai yog ob txoj hauv kev kom paub tseeb tias muaj. Muaj kuj yuav tsum tau ua kom tag nrho cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm zoo.
15. Piav seb qhov sib luag thiab asymmetric encryption txawv li cas.
Asymmetric encryption siv cov yuam sij sib txawv rau encryption thiab decryption, whereas symmetric encryption siv tib tus yuam sij rau ob qho haujlwm ua haujlwm..
Rau qhov laj thawj pom tseeb, kev sib luag yog nrawm dua, tab sis muaj qhov txaus ntshai cuam tshuam rau kev hloov pauv tus yuam sij ntawm cov channel tsis tau nkag mus.
16. Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm lub npe server los ntawm firewall?
Koj cov kws paub txog kev ruaj ntseg network yuav raug muab tso rau qhov kev xeem nrog cov lus nug no. Tus neeg xam phaj kuj tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas seb koj siv cov ntaub ntawv li cas hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
Ob lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb thiab ib qho piv txwv ntawm txhua tus yuav tsum suav nrog hauv koj cov lus teb.
Raws li ib qho piv txwv, xav txog cov hauv qab no: "Ib lub npe neeg rau zaub mov ua haujlwm nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov servers, ua rau cov neeg siv nkag tau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lwm lub khoos phis tawj los ntawm nws.
Lub firewall yog ib qhov system tsim los tiv thaiv kev tsis xav nkag mus rau lub computer los ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab nraud. Nws ua tiav qhov no los ntawm kev lim cov khoom nkag thiab tawm mus raws li cov neeg siv tau teev tseg.
17. Koj txhais li cas los ntawm IPS?
Ib qho IPS yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv kev hem thawj uas tshuaj xyuas txhua cov ntaub ntawv hauv network kom pom thiab txwv tsis pub tus cwj pwm phem nrog rau pom qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub network. Vim tias nws tuaj yeem teeb tsa los txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv network kev hem thawj thiab nkag siab txog lub network tsis muaj zog, IPS yog qhov tseem ceeb.
IPS feem ntau ntsia ntawm lub network sab nraud ciam teb. Muaj ntau ntau hom IPS; Qee txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam suav nrog kos npe, raws li kev tsis txaus ntseeg, raws tu qauv, thiab txoj cai raws li IPS.
18. Hais txog kev ruaj ntseg network, kev tiv thaiv kev nkag mus yog dab tsi?
Ib qho kev tiv thaiv kev nkag nkag (IPS) yog kho vajtse lossis software-based network kev ruaj ntseg cuab yeej uas tshuaj xyuas lub network rau kev ua txhaum cai thiab thaiv, thaiv, lossis tso nws thaum nws tshwm sim ntxiv rau kev tshaj tawm nws.
Piv nrog rau kev tiv thaiv kev nkag mus, IDS yog qhov nyuaj dua vim tias nws tsuas yog txheeb xyuas cov dej num tsis zoo yam tsis tau ua dab tsi ntxiv (IPS).
Ib qho kev tiv thaiv kev nkag tebchaws (IPS) tuaj yeem yog ib feem ntawm lub sijhawm txuas ntxiv (NGFW) lossis kev tswj hwm kev hem thawj (UTM) kev daws teeb meem.
Lawv yog ib qho ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem nrov tshaj plaws hauv lub network vim tias lawv muaj peev xwm tshuaj xyuas cov tsheb khiav ntau yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm hauv network.
19. Muab ib qho piv txwv uas koj yuav tsum tau daws teeb meem hauv lub network.
Engineers siv sijhawm ntau los daws teeb meem, yog li cov tuam txhab xav paub seb koj puas muaj kev txawj ntse nrog nws. Piav qhov teeb meem thiab kev daws teeb meem hauv koj cov lus teb.
Piv txwv: Ntawm kuv txoj haujlwm dhau los, kuv yuav tsum tau daws qhov xwm txheej uas qee tus neeg nkag tsis tau rau cov vev xaib tshwj xeeb. Kuv pom tau tias muaj txoj cai firewall txwv kev khiav tsheb los ntawm qee qhov chaw tom qab saib cov ntaub ntawv network.
Tom qab tshem tawm txoj cai, kuv rov sim dua qhov kev sib txuas. Kuv muab txoj cai tshiab rau siv vim nws ua haujlwm.
20. Piav qhov txawv ntawm lub kaus mom dawb thiab lub kaus mom dub hacker.
Hackers siv lub kaus mom dub thiab lub kaus mom dawb yog ob sab ntawm tib lub npib. Ob lub koom haum muaj peev xwm thiab muaj peev xwm ua txhaum rau hauv tes hauj lwm thiab nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv uas feem ntau ruaj ntseg.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov kaus mom dawb ua haujlwm los cuam tshuam cov kev xav ntawm kev nom kev tswv ntawm cov kaus mom dub thaum yav dhau los yog tsav los ntawm tus kheej kev ntshaw, kev ntxub ntxaug, lossis kev nom kev tswv.
Txhawm rau ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev ruaj ntseg, ntau lub kaus mom dawb hackers kuj ua qhov kev sim network thiab simulations.
21. Hais txog kev ruaj ntseg, HTTPS lossis SSL, qhov twg zoo dua?
Los ntawm kev sib txuas HTTP thiab SSL, HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb dua los ntawm kev nkag mus rau txhua lub tsheb. Ib qho txheej txheem hauv Is Taws Nem hu ua SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) tiv thaiv kev sib txuas lus ntawm ob lossis ntau tog hauv Is Taws Nem.
Txawm hais tias tag nrho cov no yog qhov tseem ceeb kom paub txog kev tsim kho lub vev xaib, SSL thaum kawg yeej muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo, txawm tias nws yog kev hu xov tooj ze.
22. Koj yuav ua li cas yog tias koj pom tus cwj pwm tsis txaus ntseeg hauv koj cov ntawv teev npe network?
Koj lub peev xwm los daws cov teeb meem thiab pom cov haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg yuav raug ntsuas los ntawm tus neeg xam phaj siv lo lus nug no. Muab piv txwv los ntawm kev sib ntsib ua ntej uas koj pom kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv lub network lossis lwm yam qhia txog kev ua txhaum cyber.
Piv txwv: “Kuv yuav xub kuaj xyuas seb nws puas yog qhov tsis zoo yog tias kuv pom ib qho kev coj txawv txawv hauv kuv cov cav. Yog tias tsis yog, kuv yuav saib mus rau hauv nws ntxiv los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas qhov chaw nyob IP uas ua rau nkag mus.
Tom qab ntawd, kuv yuav tshuaj xyuas qhov xwm txheej lub sij hawm stamp los txiav txim seb cov ntaub ntawv twg tau raug sib tham nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Qhov no tuaj yeem pab kuv txiav txim siab seb qhov kev txiav txim puas tau ua nrog kev mob siab rau.
23. Piav qhia lub hom phiaj ntawm salting thiab cov txheej txheem koom nrog.
Ib lo lus zais tau ntxiv dag zog los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm salting, uas suav nrog ntxiv cov cim tshwj xeeb. Ua tus password ntev dua thiab suav nrog cov cim ntxiv uas tus neeg nyiag nkag yuav tau xaiv los ntawm, txhim kho tus lej password hauv ob txoj hauv kev.
Feem ntau, nws yog qib qis tiv thaiv vim tias ntau tus kws tshaj lij hackers twb paub txog cov txheej txheem thiab coj mus rau hauv kev txiav txim siab, tab sis nws yog ib qho kev ceeb toom zoo rau cov neeg siv uas nquag tsim cov passwords tsis muaj zog.
24. Piav txog UTM firewall.
Hauv koj lub network, ib lub cuab yeej muaj ntau yam kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev pabcuam. Koj cov neeg siv network tau ruaj ntseg los ntawm ntau yam kev ruaj ntseg uas muab los ntawm UTM, xws li tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, cov ntsiab lus lim, email thiab web thaiv, thiab tiv thaiv spam, hais txog ob peb yam.
Nws tuaj yeem yooj yim dua los tiv thaiv lub network yog tias txhua lub koom haum IT kev pabcuam kev ruaj ntseg tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub cuab yeej. Nrog tsuas yog ib lub khob ntawm iav, koj tuaj yeem saib xyuas txhua qhov kev hem thawj thiab kev nyab xeeb ntsig txog tus cwj pwm hauv koj qhov chaw ua lag luam.
Nrog rau txoj kev no, koj tau txais kev nkag mus rau txhua yam ntawm koj txoj kev ruaj ntseg lossis wireless hauv paus.
25. Vim li cas network firewalls tsis sib haum nrog Active FTP?
Lub firewall yog tsim los ntawm kev nkag mus rau tus lej chaw nres nkoj (lossis ntau qhov chaw nres nkoj tus lej) thiab kev ua haujlwm lossis tsis ua haujlwm FTP cov kev taw qhia (kev nkag lossis tawm) rau hauv cov cai.
Muaj ob txoj cai sib cais rau ob hom kev khiav tsheb no. Txhawm rau ua kom muaj ob hom kev khiav tsheb no, firewall yuav tsum muaj ob txoj cai sib txawv rau FTP nquag.
Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau ib tug rub, qhov twg tus pib yog nyob rau hauv, lub laub muaj ib tug sab nrauv pib. FTP qhov tshwj xeeb Active FTP program xav tau ntau yam teeb tsa.
26. Tus "Txiv Neej Hauv Nruab Nrab" tawm tsam: koj teb li cas?
Thaum ib tus neeg thib peb tab tom mloog thiab coj kev sib tham ntawm ob tus neeg, lwm tus neeg tsis quav ntsej txog qhov xwm txheej, thiab qhov no yog hu ua "Tus txiv neej hauv nruab nrab kev ua phem."
Muaj ob lub tswv yim los tawm tsam qhov kev tawm tsam no. Pib los ntawm kev zam kev qhib Wi-Fi tes hauj lwm. Kev siv qhov kawg-rau-kawg encryption yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm ob tog.
27. Koj puas tau sau cov cai ruaj ntseg?
Tus neeg xam phaj yuav kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog koj qhov kev paub dhau los hauv txoj cai thiab txheej txheem kev sau ntawv los ntawm kev nug cov lus nug no. Qhia tias koj muaj peev xwm tsim cov cai tswj kev ruaj ntseg rau lub tuam txhab network los ntawm kev siv cov piv txwv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ua ntej.
Piv txwv li: Hauv kuv lub luag haujlwm dhau los, kuv tau saib xyuas kev tsim kho thiab tswj cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb rau peb lub network tag nrho. Ib hlis ib zaug, kuv cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab kuv yuav tau sib tham txog txhua yam kev hloov pauv uas peb xav ua rau peb cov txheej txheem tam sim no.
Peb kuj tau dhau los ntawm txhua tus neeg ntiav neeg ua haujlwm tshiab cov lus piav qhia kom paub tseeb tias lawv paub yuav ua li cas tswj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm peb lub network. Nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm no tau qhia kuv tias nws tseem ceeb npaum li cas los txhim kho thiab ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo.
28. Qhov kev soj ntsuam raws li lub xeev yog dab tsi?
Kev tshuaj xyuas lub xeev, feem ntau hu ua dynamic packet filtering, yog cov txheej txheem firewall uas ua raws li cov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib txuas thiab txiav txim siab seb puas yuav cia cov pob ntawv network hla lub firewall nyob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawd.
Kev tshuaj xyuas hauv xeev, tsis zoo li kev soj ntsuam tsis muaj neeg nyob, yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev lim dej zoo li qub thiab tuaj yeem tswj UDP thiab cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam. TCP thiab lwm yam kev cai zoo sib xws kuj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm los ntawm nws, txawm li cas los xij.
Txhawm rau kom dhau qhov kev txwv ntawm lub xeev tsis muaj hluav taws xob thev naus laus zis, Check Point Software Technologies (CPST) tau tsim txoj hauv kev rau lub xeev firewall technology nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1990s..
Stateful firewall technology tau tam sim no tau tsim los rau hauv cov qauv kev lag luam uas tau lees paub thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob siv dav tshaj plaws niaj hnub no.
29. Koj txhais li cas los ntawm Ransomware?
Cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau yog encrypted lossis encoded los ntawm ransomware kev hem thawj kom txog thaum tus neeg raug tsim txom them tus neeg tua tus nqe txhiv. Kev thov tus nqe txhiv qee zaum suav nrog hnub tas sijhawm.
Qhov kev thov txaus siab yog tias tus neeg raug tsim txom tsis them nyiaj raws sijhawm, cov ntaub ntawv ploj mus tas li, lossis tus nqe txhiv tau tsa. Kev tawm tsam siv ransomware yog qhov muaj niaj hnub no. Ransomware cuam tshuam cov tuam txhab thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe thiab North America.
30. Piav txog DDoS nres.
Hauv kev tawm tsam DDoS, tib neeg raug tiv thaiv los ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov vev xaib sib txuas thiab cov kev pabcuam online los ntawm kev khiav dej nyab ntawm kev siv internet. Kev ua phem DDoS feem ntau yog tsav los ntawm ntau yam, xws li cov neeg siv khoom tsis txaus siab uas tsis txaus siab rau lub tuam txhab cov kev pabcuam nrog rau cov kws tshaj lij hacktivists uas xav txhob txwm ua phem rau lub tuam txhab servers lossis nthuav tawm cyber vulnerabilities.
. Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev nyiag cov neeg siv khoom lossis rho nyiaj, tus neeg sib tw tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lossis kaw lwm lub tuam txhab kev ua ub no hauv online. Cov kab mob sib kis nrog cov khoom lag luam lossis ransomware tuaj yeem xav kom lawv them nyiaj ntau ntau kom muaj kev puas tsuaj.
31. Spyware: Nws yog dab tsi?
Ib hom software hu ua spyware infiltrates koj lub computer lossis mobile ntaus ntawv thiab sau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog koj, suav nrog cov vev xaib koj mus ntsib, cov ntaub ntawv koj rub tawm, koj tus ID nkag mus thiab lo lus zais, koj cov ntaub ntawv credit card, thiab email sib tham.
Spyware yog cunning, uas tsis yog xav tsis thoob. Nws koom nrog koj qhov kev khiav haujlwm tom qab nkag mus hauv koj lub computer yam tsis muaj koj qhov kev paub lossis kev pom zoo.
Txawm hais tias koj tsis nyeem cov ntawv me me, koj tuaj yeem lees txais cov xwm txheej ntawm daim ntawv thov uas zoo li raug cai yam tsis ua li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv malware yuav tau cog rau hauv koj lub computer.
Spyware tuaj yeem nkag mus rau koj lub khoos phis tawj siv ntau yam txuj ci, tab sis nws txoj haujlwm yog ib txwm zoo ib yam: nws ua haujlwm zais cia hauv keeb kwm yav dhau, sau cov ntaub ntawv lossis khaws koj tus cwj pwm kom ua rau koj lub computer lossis koj cov dej num.
Nws tsis muaj qhov yooj yim tshem tawm mechanism, txawm tias koj pom nws qhov tsis xav tau ntawm koj lub computer.
32. Piav txog malware.
Hackers tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv rhiab thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoos phis tawj los ntawm kev siv cov software phem, uas yog daim ntawv thov kev puas tsuaj. Malware yog ib qho kev pab cuam, raws li Microsoft, uas ua phem rau ib lub tshuab, server, lossis computer network.
Es tsis txhob tham txog yuav ua li cas software tsim, nws hais txog software nws tus kheej. Malware yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm nws qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo rau nws lub hauv paus txij li nws tau siv rau qee lub hom phiaj uas tsis yog siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb lossis lub tswv yim.
33. Phishing: Nws yog dab tsi?
Txawm hais tias qee lub qhov rais pop-up tso tawm kev tshaj tawm yam tsis tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug los ntawm koj lossis kis rau koj lub khoos phis tawm, lwm tus raug tsim los tsom koj nrog cov tshaj tawm cuam tshuam.
Adware tuaj yeem ntiav cov kev sib txuas ua lag luam coj koj mus rau cov vev xaib tsis zoo thiab cov nplooj ntawv muaj kab mob, ua rau koj lub tshuab muaj kev pheej hmoo kis mob.
Thaum tus neeg raug tsim txom tau txais email phishing, lawv raug ntxias kom nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug, suav nrog kev nkag mus thiab cov ntaub ntawv credit card. Txhua tus yuav tsum paub txog daim ntawv no ntawm cybercrime vim nws tau nthuav dav.
Los ntawm email, nws ua tiav. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tawm tsam phishing muaj peev xwm txhim kho malware ntawm lub khoos phis tawj ntawm lub hom phiaj.
34. Dab tsi yog adware?
Malicious software hu ua adware qhia tsis xav tau tshaj tawm ntawm koj lub computer lossis mobile ntaus ntawv. Ntawm cov khoom siv mobile thiab PCs, adware nquag siv yam tsis muaj tus neeg siv paub txog.
Adware nquag ua rau thaum cov neeg siv khoom sim nruab cov kev cai lij choj. Qee lub qhov rais pop-up qhia kev tshaj tawm yam tsis tau sau cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm koj lossis kis rau koj lub khoos phis tawj, tab sis lwm tus yog tsim los tsom koj nrog kev tshaj tawm tshwj xeeb.
Adware tuaj yeem ntiav cov ntawv tshaj tawm los coj koj mus rau cov vev xaib tsis zoo thiab cov nplooj ntawv muaj kab mob, ua rau koj muaj kev pheej hmoo kis mob hauv computer.
35. Qhov kev tiv thaiv twg yuav ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws rau CSRF?
Tus neeg siv tam sim no authenticated tuaj yeem muab cov lus txib tsis raug cai rau a daim ntawv thov web siv Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) nres. Muaj ob lub tswv yim tiv thaiv zoo.
Txhawm rau txhim kho cov neeg siv tsis qhia npe, siv cov npe tshwj xeeb rau txhua daim teb ntawm ib daim ntawv. Thib ob, xa ib qho token random nrog rau txhua qhov kev thov.
36. Peb tsom mus ntxiv dag zog rau peb cybersecurity. Dab tsi yog qee qhov chaw koj xav tias peb yuav tsum tsom mus rau?
Lo lus nug no tso cai rau koj los qhia koj txoj kev nkag siab ntawm thaj chaw cybersecurity uas twb muaj lawm thiab koj yuav txhim kho nws li cas. Thaum teb cov lus nug no, muab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb txog yam koj yuav ua los txhim kho lub tuam txhab kev ruaj ntseg thiab vim li cas koj xaiv cov kev ntsuas ntawd.
Kuv thov kom koj pib los ntawm kev txhim kho tag nrho koj cov software thiab operating systems. " Qhov no yuav pab kom lav tias txhua qhov kev tsis zoo raug daws ua ntej raug siv.
Kuv kuj xav kom txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm uas tau nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv rhiab siv ob-factor authentication. Txawm hais tias cov neeg tsis tau txais kev tso cai tau txais tus password, qhov no yuav tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov nyiaj.
37. Dab tsi zaus ntawm kev saib xyuas lub network raug pom zoo?
Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm koj lub network nyob ntawm kev saib xyuas. Tus neeg xam phaj xav paub ntau npaum li cas koj xav qhia saib lub network thiab dab tsi koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum xaiv qhov no.
Nco ntsoov hais qhia hauv koj cov lus teb tias koj muaj peev xwm ua tau li cas ntawm kev xaiv uas yuav txhim khu kev ruaj ntseg network rau lub tuam txhab.
Piv txwv li: “Thaum kuv xav tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev saib xyuas cov tes hauj lwm ntau zaus, kuv kuj paub tias ua li ntawd los ntawm tus nqi. Hauv kuv txoj haujlwm dhau los, peb ib zaug ib lub lim tiam kuaj xyuas peb lub network.
Tab sis kuv yuav tshuaj xyuas lawv tsis tu ncua yog tias kuv pom muaj teeb meem lossis tsis muaj zog nyob rau lub lim tiam. Piv txwv li, yog tias kuv pom ib yam dab tsi khib tshwm sim ntawm ib qho ntawm peb cov servers, kuv yuav tshawb xyuas lwm lub network kom zoo li tus cwj pwm.
38. Dab tsi yog botnet?
Ib lub botnet, tseem hu ua robot-controlled computer network, yog ib phau ntawm cov computers uas tau commandeeed los ntawm ib tug bot. Ib qho botnet feem ntau tuaj yeem tsim thiab nkag mus siv ntau txheej tshuab computer.
Qee qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg uas bots muaj peev xwm ua tau suav nrog kev nyiag cov ntaub ntawv loj, kev ua haujlwm tsis raug ntawm server, thiab kev nthuav tawm tus kab mob.
39. Piav txog traceroute.
Cov thawj coj tuaj yeem taug qab txoj hauv kev uas cov ntaub ntawv pob khoom taug kev los ntawm lawv qhov chaw mus rau lawv qhov chaw thiab txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem kev sib txuas los ntawm kev siv cov cuab yeej kuaj xyuas network xws li traceroute.
Ntawm lub khoos phis tawj Windows, cov lus txib yog tracert; ntawm Linux lossis Mac, nws yog traceroute. Ob leeg traceroute thiab tracert muab cov haujlwm zoo sib xws: lawv qhia txoj hauv kev uas cov ntaub ntawv siv los ntawm ib qho chaw hauv lub network mus rau qee tus IP server. Txhua lub cuab yeej uas ib pob ntawv cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum dhau mus kom tau mus rau nws qhov chaw kawg yog teev los ntawm Traceroute nrog rau nws lub npe thiab IP chaw nyob.
Tom qab ntawd, nws muab lub npe ntaus ntawv thiab lub sijhawm ncig mus ncig (RTT). Traceroute tuaj yeem siv los txheeb xyuas qhov teeb meem qhov chaw, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem qhia koj seb puas muaj ib qho lossis tsis muaj.
Ping tuaj yeem siv los pab txiav txim seb puas muaj teeb meem. Xav txog kev sim mus saib lub vev xaib tab sis pom tias nws yuav siv sijhawm ib ntus rau cov nplooj ntawv kom thauj khoom. Qhov chaw ntawm qhov teeb meem tuaj yeem nrhiav tau los ntawm kev siv traceroute los nrhiav cov chaw uas muaj kev ncua ntev tshaj plaws.
40. Peb qhov tseem ceeb twg koj yuav tsum ua los tiv thaiv Linux server yog tias koj ua haujlwm nrog ib qho?
Koj yuav tsum ua cov haujlwm hauv qab no txhawm rau tiv thaiv koj lub Linux server:
- Kev Ntsuam Xyuas: Siv Lynis txhawm rau txheeb xyuas lub network. Hauv cov theem hauv qab no, qhov ntsuas qhov tawv tawv yog tsim tom qab txhua pawg tau txheeb xyuas tus kheej.
- Hardening: Raws li qib kev ruaj ntseg siv, hardening ua raws li kev soj ntsuam.
- Kev Ua Raws Cai: Vim yog kev kuaj xyuas txhua hnub, cov txheej txheem no txuas ntxiv mus.
xaus
Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib lub network muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev ruaj ntseg network. Nws cuam tshuam txog kev tiv thaiv tsis xav nkag mus rau, hloov pauv, lossis tub sab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas khaws cia hauv computer lossis network server.
Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev ruaj ntseg cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov tshuab ntawm koj lub tuam txhab yog kev ruaj ntseg network. Cyberattacks tuaj yeem cuam tshuam, thiab cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb tuaj yeem tiv thaiv los ntawm kev puas tsuaj.
Yuav kom ua tau zoo hauv kev xam phaj kev nyab xeeb, koj yuav tsum xub nkag siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ruaj ntseg. Qhov no suav nrog kev nkag siab txog cov tswv yim tseem ceeb thiab cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev ruaj ntseg, xws li yuav ua li cas kom ruaj ntseg koj lub network thiab tiv thaiv koj cov ntaub ntawv.
Koj yuav tsum nkag siab txog hom kev phom sij uas koj ntsib, yuav ua li cas txhawm rau txheeb xyuas thiab tiv thaiv lawv, thiab tiv thaiv koj tus kheej ntawm lawv li cas. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum paub txog hom kev tsis zoo uas muaj nyob hauv koj lub cev thiab lawv yuav raug siv li cas.
Rau kev pab nrog kev npaj xam phaj, saib Hashdork's Interview Series.
Sau ntawv cia Ncua