Cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm Mark Zuckerberg lees paub qhov nyiag ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab Barack Obama ua phem rau Donald Trump tau nthuav tawm hauv internet rau qee lub sijhawm tam sim no?
Cov yeeb yaj kiab no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab heev thiab futuristic AI thev naus laus zis hu ua Deepfake.
Cias muab, nws yog ib tug photoshop lwm txoj rau video. Ntawm ib sab, nws tuaj yeem hloov kho cov xov xwm hluav taws xob los ntawm kev tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm tus neeg tiag tiag.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws ua phem hem ib tus kheej li koj tuaj yeem ua rau leej twg hais dab tsi hauv video.
Deepfakes siv kawm tob los tsim cov duab thiab yeeb yaj kiab ntawm cov xwm txheej cuav, yog li lub npe deepfake. Nws tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog pauv ntsej muag ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab uas twb muaj lawm tab sis kuj tsim cov thav ntawv tshiab thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab los ntawm kos.
Keeb kwm ntawm Deepfakes
Pheej kev tshawb nrhiav kev kawm tau thawb cov ciam teb ntawm kev yees duab thiab yees duab tuav ob peb xyoos dhau los. Deepfake kuj yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb kev kawm no.
Thawj rooj plaub ntawm kev tswj hwm video tau tshaj tawm hauv xyoo 1997. Ib daim vis dis aus ntawm ib tus neeg tau hloov kho los hais cov lus uas muaj nyob hauv ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm lub suab. Nws yog thawj rooj plaub ntawm lub ntsej muag reanimation siv tshuab kev kawm cov tswv yim.
Kev nce qib tseem ceeb ntxiv tau ua rau xyoo 2017 thaum cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm yav dhau los Asmeskas Thawj Tswj Hwm Barack Obama tau hloov kho los hais cov lus sib txawv uas sib txawv ntawm lub suab sib txawv.
Hauv 2018, cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm University of California, Berkeley, tau qhia txog ib qho app uas tuaj yeem tsim ib qho fake dancing video siv kev kawm tob. Qhov no tau cim qhov nthuav dav ntawm qhov tob tob rau tag nrho lub cev raws li cov haujlwm yav dhau los raug txwv rau lub ntsej muag.
Deepfakes tsim li cas?
Ua tsaug rau kev nce qib hauv kev suav, tam sim no koj tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom sib sib zog nqus tau yooj yim thiab tus nqi qis. Ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb yog siv los tsim cov khoom sib sib zog nqus.
Txoj kev 1
Koj yuav tau cob qhia a neural network ntawm tus yees duab tiag tiag ntawm tus neeg. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau cov neural network kom nkag siab txog lub ntsej muag ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ces kaum sib txawv thiab teeb pom kev zoo.
Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav ua tiav ob lub ntsej muag qub thiab lub ntsej muag latent los ntawm AI algorithm hu ua encoder. Nws yuav pom thiab kawm txog qhov sib txawv thiab qhov zoo sib xws ntawm ob lub ntsej muag thiab ob lub ntsej muag raug txo qis rau cov duab compressed sib koom cov yam ntxwv.
Tom qab ntawd los txog qhov thib ob AI algorithm hu ua tus decoder, uas rov qab ntsej muag los ntawm cov duab compressed. Ob lub ntsej muag tau rov qab los ntawm ob lub suab sib txawv.
Txhawm rau ua lub ntsej muag sib pauv, koj tsuas yog pub cov duab encoded rau hauv lwm tus decoder.
Piv txwv li, lub encoder tso zis ntawm lub ntsej muag A yog pub rau hauv lub decoder kawm ntawm lub ntsej muag B uas ces reconstructs lub ntsej muag B nrog lub ntsej muag nta ntawm lub ntsej muag A. Koj yuav tau ua qhov no nyob rau hauv txhua txhua thav duab ntawm video rau ib tug convincing tso zis.
Txoj kev 2
Lwm txoj hauv kev los tsim kom muaj qhov sib sib zog nqus yog Generative Adversarial Network (GAN).
Koj yuav tau siv ob qho kev sib tw algorithms los ua kom muaj qhov sib sib zog nqus. Thawj tus yuav siv lub suab nrov los tsim cov duab thiab yog li nws hu ua lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Cov duab hluavtaws no yog pub rau cov kwj ntawm cov duab tiag tiag los ntawm qhov thib ob algorithm hu ua kev ntxub ntxaug.
Tus neeg ntxub ntxaug muab kev tawm tswv yim rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas tsim lwm cov duab raws li cov lus tawm tswv yim. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, ob qho tib si algorithms muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua nrog txhua qhov iteration. Cov txheej txheem no tau rov ua ntau zaus kom txog rau thaum qhov yuav tsum tau ua tiav.
GAN muab cov txiaj ntsig tiag tiag, tab sis nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev ua haujlwm nrog thiab xav tau ntau cov ntaub ntawv qhia thiab suav lub zog. Tias yog vim li cas nws feem ntau nyiam tsim cov duab es tsis yog video clips.
Qee cov piv txwv Convincing ntawm Deepfakes
Muaj qee qhov kev ntseeg tob tob uas tshwm sim nyob ib puag ncig hauv internet thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov neeg muaj npe nrov.
Piv txwv li, muaj TikTok tus account nkaus xwb rau qhov tob ntawm Tom Cruise. Cov yeeb yaj kiab qhia Cruise golfing lossis ua yeeb yam ua kom yuam kev.
@deeptomcruise Ncig teb chaws! ????
Lwm qhov kev ua txhaum loj heev tau muab tso rau hauv YouTube nrog Tom Cruise, Robert Downey Jr., Jeff Goldblum, George Lucas thiab Ewan McGregor. Nws muaj qee qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, tab sis kom ua tiav 3 mus rau 4 qhov sib sib zog nqus fakes hauv video ib txhij yog qhov ua tau zoo hauv nws tus kheej.
Lwm qhov piv txwv yog cov yeeb yaj kiab tob tob ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm Barack Obama.
Qhov no yog stunningly convincing raws li nws siv lub suab thiab gestures ntawm impersonators muaj peev xwm ntawm mimicking lub suab thiab gestures ntawm kev kawm.
Peb tam sim no pom deepfakes nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub mainstream kev lom zem kev lag luam.
Nws tau siv los tua cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm Paul Walker hauv Fast thiab Furious 7 tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam. Lub deepfake tau siv rau ntawm nws tus tij laug nrog qhov tseeb zoo kawg li.
Deepfakes coj dab tsi rau lub rooj?
Deepfakes tau ua pov thawj tias yog ib qho kev ntseeg siab heev los coj kev hloov pauv hauv xov xwm thiab kev lom zem.
Koj puas tuaj yeem nco qab thaum Henry Cavill lub hwj txwv raug tshem tawm los ntawm CGI hauv "Tus txiv neej ntawm Hlau" thiab nws yog kev puas tsuaj?
Tib yam tam sim no tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm ob peb txhiab daus las khoos phis tawj nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua.
Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem ntsib koj cov poj koob yawm txwv tuag thiab cov neeg koj hlub. Koj tuaj yeem tuaj koom Physics lecture los ntawm Albert Einstein nws tus kheej.
Dhau li ntawm tag nrho cov no, deepfake tsis tau siv tag nrho raws li nws tau npaj los ua. Nyob ib ncig ntawm 96% ntawm qhov sib sib zog nqus fakes hauv internet yog cov duab liab qab tsis pom zoo.
Qhov ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev cob qhia muaj rau cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe tau ua rau lawv yog cov neeg raug tsim txom tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib sib zog nqus.
Nws tau ua rau peb tso ib tus neeg nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej txaus ntshai lossis cuam tshuam tau thiab yog li nws ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo loj rau txhua tus.
Suab deepfakes tau raug tshaj tawm los siv rau kev lag luam kws txuj ci dag. Xyoo 2019, tus neeg dag ntxias siv cov suab cuav sib sib zog nqus los qhia tus Thawj Coj ntawm UK-raws li lub tuam txhab hloov pauv € 220,000 mus rau hauv tuam txhab nyiaj Hungarian los ntawm kev ua tus tuam txhab niam txiv lub tuam txhab thawj coj.
Yuav ua li cas counter Malicious Deepfakes?
Nquag, koj tuaj yeem ntes cov yeeb yaj kiab sib sib zog nqus los ntawm kev ua tib zoo saib cov ncej los ntawm thav duab thiab nrhiav cov khoom cuav thiab qhov tsis sib xws.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog tus txheej txheem counter-intuitive thiab ntau lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm ntawm algorithms thiab software rau ntes deepfakes.
Facebook tau nrhiav cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Berkeley, Oxford, thiab lwm lub koom haum los tsim kom muaj lub ntsuas qhov tob tob. Ib yam li ntawd, YouTube tshaj tawm tias lawv yuav tsis lees txais cov yeeb yaj kiab cuav uas cuam tshuam txog Asmeskas kev xaiv tsa, cov txheej txheem pov npav, lossis kev suav pej xeem Asmeskas xyoo 2020.
Koj tuaj yeem siv cov kev pab cuam xws li Reality Defender thiab Deeptrace txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov cuav cuav.
Lub teb chaws tseem tsis khoom nyob rau hauv kev cai lij choj hais txog kev siv deepfakes feem ntau. Teb Chaws Asmeskas tau siv ntau txoj cai lij choj hais txog kev dag ntxias ntau xyoo dhau los.
Qhwv Sau
Deepfake yog qhov kev ua neej nyob ntawm kev nce qib ntawm AI. Nws ntxiv blurs thaj tsam ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej, txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho kev hem thawj rau kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov ntsiab lus video-graphic hauv internet.
Yuav muaj lub sijhawm uas tib neeg yuav pib tsis ntseeg txhua qhov yeeb yaj kiab hauv Is Taws Nem thiab peb yuav raug thawb mus rau qhov tsis paub meej ntxiv.
Sau ntawv cia Ncua