Ma ke ola maoli a me ka honua kikohoʻe, makemake pinepine mākou e hōʻoia i nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ma mua o ke komo ʻana i kahi hale keʻena, hāʻawi pinepine nā limahana i kekahi ʻano ID ma mua o ke komo ʻana i loko.
Ke ho'āʻo nā mea hoʻohana e komo i kahi polokalamu e like me Facebook a i ʻole Twitter, pono e noi mua kēia mau lawelawe i ka mea hoʻohana e komo me ka ʻōlelo huna a i kekahi manawa e hoʻouna ʻia kahi passcode hoʻokahi manawa (OTP) i kā lākou kelepona paʻalima.
ʻO kahi haʻahaʻa o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka hōʻoia ʻana mākou e hāʻawi pinepine i nā ʻano ʻike ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi ʻōlelo huna i kahi pūnaewele ʻo ia ka mea e mālama ana ka pūnaewele ponoʻī i kope o ka ʻōlelo huna i loko o kāna mau kikowaena. Ina e hack kekahi i ka scanner ID limahana o ka hale keʻena, hiki iā ia ke kiʻi i nā kī pilikino o kēlā me kēia kanaka.
Hāʻawi nā hōʻike Zero-knowledge a i ʻole ZKP i kahi ala no ka hōʻoia ʻana i kahi ʻike a i ʻole kālepa me ka ʻole e hāʻawi i ka ʻike hou. Ma muli o kāna mau noi i ka cryptography, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā ZKP e nā poloka e hana i nā protocols hōʻoia palekana a hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia.
He aha nā hōʻoiaʻiʻo Zero-Knowledge?
Ua noi mua ʻia nā hōʻike ʻike ʻole e nā mea noiʻi MIT ʻo Silvio Micali, Charles Rackoff, a me Shafi Goldwasser i ka makahiki 1985 i kā lākou pepa. "Ka Paʻakikī o ka ʻike o Interactive Proof-Systems"
Ua hoʻopuka kēia pepa i ka manaʻo o ka paʻakikī o ka ʻike. E pili ana kēia i ka nui o ka ʻike e pili ana i kahi hōʻoia i hoʻoili ʻia mai ka prover i ka mea hōʻoia. Manaʻo nā hōʻike ʻike ʻole e ʻae i kahi ʻaoʻao e hōʻoia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kahi ʻōlelo kikoʻī i kekahi ʻaoʻao me ka ʻole o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā ʻike ʻē aʻe.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ZKP ma ke ʻano he ʻokoʻa palekana i nā ʻōnaehana hōʻoia o kēia manawa a hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i nā protocol blockchain e mālama i nā hana pilikino.
Pehea e hana ai nā ZKP?
Laʻana Honua Maoli
No ka hōʻike ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o nā hōʻike ʻike ʻole, e nānā kākou i kahi laʻana o kahi ZKP.
E ʻōlelo kākou he hoaaloha ʻulaʻula ʻōmaʻomaʻo kāu. Loaʻa iā ʻoe ʻelua pōpō like ʻokoʻa i ka waihoʻoluʻu wale nō: hoʻokahi ʻulaʻula, a hoʻokahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo. I kou hoaaloha, ua like ko lākou nānā ʻana, akā ma ke ʻano he kanaka makapō ʻole, hiki iā ʻoe ke wehewehe maʻalahi iā lākou.
Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke hōʻoia i kāu hoaaloha he kala ʻokoʻa lākou me ka ʻole o ka hōʻike ʻana i ke kinipōpō ʻulaʻula a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha?
Aia kekahi ala e hōʻoia ai i kēia me ka ʻole o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā kala o nā kinipōpō. ʻO ka mua, pono ʻoe e ʻae i kāu hoaaloha e kau i nā pōpō ʻelua ma hope o kona kua a haʻi iā ia e hōʻike i kekahi pōpō a hūnā hou. A laila, e haʻi aku ʻoe i kāu hoaaloha aia iā ia ke koho e hōʻike hou i ka pōpō hoʻokahi a i ʻole e hoʻololi iā ia me kekahi.
I kēlā me kēia manawa e hōʻike ʻia kahi kinipōpō hou, hiki iā ʻoe ke haʻi iā ia inā ua hoʻololi ʻo ia i ka pōleʻa a ʻaʻole paha. Inā hoʻomau ʻoe e koho i ke kelepona kūpono, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kala ʻokoʻa o nā pōpō. Pono kou hoaaloha i kēia manawa e hoʻomaopopo he ʻokoʻa ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā pōpō me ka ʻole o ka haʻi ʻana iā ia he aha ke kala.
Nā Manawa Kūpono
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hiʻohiʻona kūpono o nā hōʻike ʻike ʻole i hāʻule i ʻelua ʻano.
ʻO ka mea mua, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ZKP i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā protocols. Hiki iā mākou ke hōʻoia ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe ke hoʻopunipuni a hoʻohana paha i ka protocol. ʻO ka lua, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ZKP no ka ʻike.
No ka laʻana, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohana i nā ZKP e hoʻopaʻa inoa i kahi noi pūnaewele me ka ʻole e hōʻike i ka ʻōlelo huna ponoʻī.
E nānā kākou i kekahi mau laʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hōʻike ʻike ʻole.
E-koho ʻana
ʻO kahi noi i kamaʻilio pinepine ʻia no nā ZKP ʻo ia kā lākou kuleana ma ke koho balota pūnaewele. E ʻōlelo mākou he referendum e hiki mai ana kahi e hiki ai i nā mea hoʻohana ke koho balota i kahi kulekele i manaʻo ʻia. Ua ʻae ʻia kēlā me kēia mea koho e koho i ka 1 a i ʻole 0 ma ka balota.
Ke hoʻohana nei i nā ZKP, hiki i nā mea koho ke hōʻoia i ko lākou kuleana e koho balota me ka hōʻike ʻole ʻana i ko lākou ʻike. Mālama kēia i ka inoa ʻole o kēlā me kēia koho. E hoʻohana pū ʻia kahi ZKP hou e hōʻoia i ke koho balota o kekahi mea hoʻohana ma kahi o ka helu hope o nā balota.
E pili ana i nā mea i loko o nā balota, hiki i ka ʻōnaehana koho ke hoʻopuka i kahi hōʻike ʻike ʻole he 1 a 0 paha kēlā me kēia balota.
Palekana Palekana
ʻAʻole kākoʻo maoli nā Blockchains e like me Bitcoin a me Ethereum i nā hana pilikino. I ka lōʻihi o ka lehulehu o kāu pēke Bitcoin, hiki i kekahi ke hele i kahi mea ʻimi poloka e like me ʻO Blockstream e ʻike i nā hana a pau e pili ana ka ʻeke kālā.
I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi lawelawe e like me kahi panakō a i ʻole nā lawelawe uku e like me Cash App a Venmo hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka hiki ke hana pilikino. ʻO kēia ʻoluʻolu, akā naʻe, hiki mai ke kumukūʻai o ka hōʻike ʻana i kāu ʻike i ka lawelawe kikowaena.
Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohui i ka inoa ʻole me ka decentralization ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ZKP i ka protocol blockchain. Hoʻohana nā Cryptocurrencies e like me ZCash i nā ZKP e hana i nā hana pilikino e hiki ai i nā mea paʻa kālā ke mālama i ko lākou inoa ʻole. Hoʻohana kekahi o kēia mau cryptocurrencies i kahi ʻano ZKP i kapa ʻia ʻo zk-SNARK.
ʻAʻole koi kēia mau ZKP i ka launa pū ʻana ma waena o ka mea hōʻike a me ka mea hōʻoia.
ʻO nā ʻōkuhi ʻike Zero
ʻO ZK-rollups kahi hopena scalability e hiki ai ke hōʻoia koke ʻia nā kālepa ma waho o ke kaulahao a me nā uku kinoea liʻiliʻi. He ala ia e hoʻohui i kahi helu nui o nā kālepa Layer 2 a waiho iā lākou ma ka protocol Layer 1.
Ma waho aʻe o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka pilikino, hiki i nā ZKP ke hoʻonui i nā ʻōnaehana paʻakikī. Hiki i nā protocols Blockchain ke hoʻohana i nā ZKP e hōʻoia i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o nā mea hoʻohana i nā hana kūpono, loaʻa ke koena kūpono, a pēlā aku. Hiki i kēia mau hoʻonā palekana akā hiki ke hoʻonui wale ʻia ma o nā hōʻike makemakika i hana ʻia ma waho o ke kaulahao ma ZKP.
Hoʻohana nā protocols e like me Loopring i nā hōʻike ʻike ʻole e kōkua i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā kālepa ma waho o ke kaulahao me ka ʻole e hoʻololi i ka palekana.
Nā Pōmaikaʻi o nā Hōʻoiaʻiʻo Zero-Knowledge
- Hoʻololi nā ZKP i nā ʻano hōʻoia pono ʻole e like me nā PIN a i ʻole nā kāleka ʻike
- Hoʻonui ka ZKPS i ka scalability o blockchains
- Pono ka hoʻokō ʻana o ZKP i nā ʻano hoʻopunipuni maʻalahi
- Hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana iā ZKPS ke hoʻoikaika i nā ʻōnaehana me ka ʻole e koi i ka ʻike pono ʻole e mālama ʻia i loko o ka ʻōnaehana.
Panina
He pilikia nui ka pilikino ʻikepili i nā ʻōnaehana kikowaena a me ka decentralized. Hāʻawi nā hōʻike Zero-knowledge i kahi ala no nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole e hōʻoia a hōʻoia i nā kālepa a me nā ʻike me ka ʻole e hōʻike i nā kālepa a i ʻole nā mea ʻike.
Ke hoʻohana nui ʻia nei ka ʻenehana blockchain, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ZKP e mālama pono i ka hōʻoia e lilo i kī i nā hopohopo scalability.
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