Table of Contents[Hūnā][Hōʻike]
E holo ana kēia haʻi'ōlelo a puni nā modula a me nā pūʻolo ma Python.
He ala lākou e hoʻonohonoho ai i kāu code ma ke ʻano o nā faila a he mea nui loa inā makemake ʻoe e kūkulu i nā noi pūnaewele me Python.
modules
ʻO kahi module ma Python kahi faila me kekahi code python a mākou e hoʻohana ai e hoʻonohonoho i kā mākou code i nā faila. E noʻonoʻo e like me nā ʻāpana i kahi supermarket. Ke hele ʻoe i kahi supermarket, aia nā ʻāpana like ʻole no nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu, nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole ʻoe e ʻike i hoʻokahi ʻāpana me nā huahana āpau.
ʻO ia ka manaʻo like i ka papahana. Ma kahi o ke kākau ʻana i kā mākou code āpau me nā hana āpau a me nā papa ma main.py, wāwahi mākou i kā mākou code i nā faila he nui. Kuhi ʻia kēlā me kēia faila ma ke ʻano he module. Me kēia, ʻaʻole wale kā mākou code i hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi ʻia a hoʻonohonoho ʻia, akā hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohana hou i kā mākou code. E ʻike kākou ma o kekahi laʻana.
E wehewehe kākou i ʻelua mau hana no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kaumaha mai nā paona i nā kilokani a me ka ʻokoʻa.
def lbs_to_kg(weight):
return weight * 0.45
def kg_to_lbs(weight):
return weight / 0.45
I kēia manawa, hiki iā mākou ke lawe i kēia mau hana ʻelua a hoʻokomo iā lākou i loko o kahi module kaʻawale i kapa ʻia ʻo "converters", a laila hiki ke lawe ʻia i loko o kekahi papahana e pono ai kēia mau hana hoʻololi. E hōʻike wau iā ʻoe pehea e hana ai i kēia.
E wehe kāua i kā mākou papahana papahana a kaomi pololei i ka papahana a hoʻohui i kahi faila hou. E kapa mākou i kēia faila "Converters.py".
I kēia manawa e kope i ke code mai ka faila paʻamau a paʻi i loko o ka "Converters.py".
Me kēia, ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe mākou i kā mākou module koʻikoʻi a ʻaʻole ia i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā hana like ʻole. Ke kākau nei mākou i nā hana hou aku me nā papa, hoʻokomo mākou iā lākou i loko o kā lākou mau modula pili. Pono e loaʻa i kahi module nā hana a me nā papa e pili ana. I kēia manawa, makemake mākou e hoʻokomo i ka module converters i kā mākou module app. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, e kākau import converters
ma luna me ka ʻole o ka hoʻonui ".py".
Hiki iā mākou ke komo i nā lālā o kahi module ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hoʻohana kiko e like me nā ala.
E hoʻololi kākou i 70 kg i paona:
Aia kekahi syntax no ka lawe ʻana i nā modules. Ma kahi o ka lawe ʻana i ka module holoʻokoʻa, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokomo i nā hana kikoʻī mai kēlā module. Hiki iā mākou ke paʻi from Converters import
a kaomi i ka "control + space e hōʻike i ka papa inoa o nā hana i loaʻa. Me kēia, hiki iā mākou ke kāhea pololei i kēia hana.
hoʻokō '
Eia kāu hoʻoikaika kino.
Pili kēia i kahi hoʻoikaika kino mai ka haʻiʻōlelo a mākou i kūkākūkā ai "no nā puka lou” kahi i kākau ai mākou i papahana e ʻike ai i ka helu nui loa mai kahi papa inoa
numbers = [8, 3, 6, 10, 5]
max = numbers[0]
for number in numbers:
if number > max:
max = number
print(max)
ʻAʻohe hui o kēia code i kēia manawa. ʻAʻohe o mākou mau hana a i ʻole modules a ua kākau ʻia ka papahana i hoʻokahi faila. Maikaʻi ia no nā polokalamu liʻiliʻi akā i ka ulu ʻana o kāu mau papahana, pono ʻoe e hoʻonohonoho pono i kāu code i nā papa a me nā modules. No laila, ma ke ʻano o kēia hoʻomaʻamaʻa, makemake wau e kākau ʻoe i kahi hana, e kāhea find_max
. Pono kēia hana i kahi papa inoa a hoʻihoʻi i ka helu nui loa i kēlā papa inoa. Ma hope o kēlā e hele i mua a hoʻokomo i kēia hana i loko o kahi module kaʻawale, e unuhi iā ia mai ʻaneʻi a hoʻokomo i loko o kahi module i kapa ʻia utils
. Pono e loaʻa i kēia module kekahi pūʻulu o nā hana pono. Lawe mai i ka utils
module i loko o ka module o kēia manawa a kāhea aku find_max
hana. ʻO ka hope, e kiʻi i ka hopena a paʻi ma ka pahu.
He mea paʻakikī kēia hana akā hiki ke maʻalahi.
pāʻoihana
E hoʻomaka me ka wehewehe ʻana i kahi hana find_max
a hoʻohui i kahi ʻāpana i kapa ʻia nā helu. Ma loko o kēia hana, e kākau i ka algorithm no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka helu nui loa ma kahi papa inoa.
def find_max(numbers):
max = numbers[0]
for number in numbers:
if number > max:
max = number
return max
E mālama i kēia code ma kahi faila "utils.py" ma ke ʻano he module.
E hoʻi i kā mākou papahana nui, e hoʻokomo wale i ka module e kekahi o nā syntax ʻelua a hoʻokō wale i ka loiloi.
Hoʻokahi mea, pono wau e lawe i kou manaʻo i ka undermined max
. ʻO ke kumu o kēlā max
he hana i kūkulu ʻia ma Python a ke wehewehe hou nei mākou. No laila he ʻōlelo aʻo kēia mai ka Mea hoʻopili Python ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohana hou i ka max e like me kāna hana i kūkulu ʻia.
Nā Module i kūkulu ʻia ma Python
Hele mai ʻo Python me kahi waihona maʻamau i loaʻa i kekahi mau modula no nā hana maʻamau e like me ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā leka uila, ka hana ʻana me ka lā a me ka manawa, e hana ana i nā waiwai a me nā ʻōlelo huna a pēlā aku. Nui nā modula i kūkulu ʻia i Python ʻo ia hoʻi ua nui nā hana e hiki ai iā mākou ke hoʻohana hou. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kēia mau modula maanei.
pūʻolo helu
ʻO nā pūʻolo kahi ala ʻē aʻe e hoʻonohonoho i kā mākou code ma luna o nā modules. Hiki i kahi papahana maoli ke loaʻa i nā haneli a i ʻole mau tausani o nā modules a i ka manawa e hoʻonui ʻia kā mākou papa kuhikuhi me nā faila he nui. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā modula pili i loko o kahi pūʻolo e hoʻolilo i ka pōʻai i pahu no nā modula he nui.
Hoʻohui ʻia kahi papa kuhikuhi hou i ka papahana a hoʻohui ʻia nā modules pili i kēlā papa kuhikuhi. No ka laʻana, e noʻonoʻo i kahi mall. Aia nā ʻāpana like ʻole no nā kāne, nā wahine a me nā lole keiki i loko o kahi hale kūʻai e like me nā pūʻolo. He wahi ʻokoʻa ko kēlā me kēia ʻāpana no nā ʻano huahana like ʻole e like me nā kāmaʻa, nā pālule a me nā pālule. E noʻonoʻo i kēia mau modula.
E ʻike kākou, pehea e hana ai a hoʻohana i nā pūʻolo ma Python.
ʻO ka mea mua, e hoʻohui i kahi papa kuhikuhi hou mai ka papa hana. E kapa mākou iā ia "eCommerce". Loaʻa i kēia pūʻolo nā modula āpau e pili ana i kahi noi eCommerce.
He papa kuhikuhi ʻole ia a no ka hoʻololi ʻana i kahi pūʻolo, pono mākou e hana i kahi faila kūikawā i loko. Hoʻohui i kahi faila python hou i kēia papa kuhikuhi a inoa i kēlā faila "__init__". He hui kūikawā ia ma Python a ke ʻike ka unuhi ʻōlelo Python i kahi faila me kēia inoa i loko o kahi papa kuhikuhi, mālama ʻo ia i kēia papa kuhikuhi ma ke ʻano he pūʻolo.
Loaʻa iā mākou kahi ala ʻē aʻe a pōkole e hana i kahi pūʻolo. E kaomi pololei i ka papa papahana a hana i kahi pūʻolo Python mai ka papa inoa. Kapa ʻia ʻo "eCommerce" a ʻo ia nō. E hana maʻalahi ia i kahi papa kuhikuhi me kahi faila Python i kapa ʻia "__init__".
I kēia manawa, e hana kāua i kahi module i loko o ka pūʻolo a kapa ʻia ʻo "hoʻouna". Ma keia module, e hana kakou i hana ma'alahi no ka helu 'ana i ke koina o ka moku.
def calc_shipping():
print("calc_shipping")
No ke komo ʻana i kēia hana i loko o kā mākou module nui, pono mākou e komo iā ia ma o ka pūʻolo e-commerce. Loaʻa hou iā mākou ʻelua ala e hoʻokomo i kēia module.
Ma ke ala mua, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokomo i ka module holoʻokoʻa a laila kāhea i kahi hana kūʻokoʻa e like me kēia:
import eCommerce.shipping
eCommerce.shipping.calc_shipping()
Eia nō naʻe, me kēia ʻano hana, ke kāhea ʻana i kekahi o nā hana i kēia module pono e hoʻopili mua iā ia me eCommerce.shipping.
He ʻōlelo waha loa kēlā. No laila, i ka hana ʻana me nā pūʻolo hoʻohana pinepine mākou i ke ala ʻelua a hoʻohana i ka from
olelo.
from eCommerce.shipping import calc_shipping
calc_shipping()
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hana he nui i hoʻokahi module hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokomo iā lākou a pau i ka laina hoʻokahi ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā koma ma waena o lākou. E ʻōlelo mākou aia kekahi hana ʻē aʻe no ka helu ʻana i ka ʻauhau ma kā mākou module hoʻouna. E lawe ʻia e like me kēia:
from eCommerce.shipping import calc_shipping, calc_tax
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokomo i nā modula pākahi a waiho i nā hana e kāhea ʻia ma kahi pae hope o ka papahana. E hoʻokomo i ka hoʻouna module a laila hoʻohana i kahi mea hana kiko e kāhea i ka hana calc_shipping.
from eCommerce import shipping
shipping.calc_shipping()
Hoʻopau!
He mea koʻikoʻi loa nā ʻeke a me nā Module ma Python. ʻOi loa, inā makemake ʻoe e hana me kahi hoʻolālā e like me Django i hoʻohana ʻia no ke kūkulu ʻana polokalamu pūnaewele me Python. E nānā mākou iā Django i kahi papa Python ʻē aʻe.
ʻO kēia ka haʻiʻōlelo maʻamau hope loa ma kēia moʻo. E haʻalele ka haʻiʻōlelo aʻe mai kā mākou ʻano maʻamau a e aʻo mākou i kekahi mau hihia hoʻohana nui ma Python. ʻO ia ka mea e hōʻailona ai i ka hopena o kēia pūʻulu a e neʻe mākou i kā mākou moʻo Python aʻe. E hoʻomau no kēlā.
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