Ana amfani da bincike na hankali don sanin tasirin tarin abubuwa masu zaman kansu akan madaidaicin dogara a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi.
Hanya ce mai ƙarfi don ƙayyadaddun yadda fitowar samfurin ke tasiri ta hanyar shigar da ƙirar gabaɗaya. A cikin wannan post ɗin, zan ba da taƙaitaccen bayani game da ƙididdigar hankali ta amfani da SALib, kunshin bincike na hankali na Python kyauta.
Ƙimar lambobi da aka sani da fihirisar ji, akai-akai tana wakiltar hankalin kowane shigarwar. Akwai nau'ikan fihirisar hankali da yawa:
- Fihirisar oda na farko: yana ƙididdige gudunmawar shigarwar ƙira ɗaya zuwa bambancin fitarwa.
- Fihirisar oda na biyu: yana ƙididdige gudummawar abubuwan shigar samfur guda biyu zuwa bambance-bambancen fitarwa.
- Jimillar oda: yana ƙididdige gudummawar shigarwar ƙira ga bambance-bambancen fitarwa, wanda ya ƙunshi tasirin oda na farko (shigarwar da ke jujjuyawa ita kaɗai) da duk wani hulɗar oda mafi girma.
Menene SAlib?
SAlib tushen Python ne Bude-source kayan aiki don yin kima mai hankali. Yana da keɓaɓɓen tafiyar aiki, wanda ke nufin baya hulɗa kai tsaye tare da ƙirar lissafi ko ƙididdiga. Madadin haka, SALib ne ke kula da samar da abubuwan shigar da ƙima (ta hanyar ɗayan ayyukan samfurin) da ƙididdige fihirisar ji (ta ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan tantancewa) daga abubuwan samfuran.
Nazari na yau da kullun na SAlib ya ƙunshi matakai huɗu:
- Ƙayyade abubuwan shigar da ƙima (madaidaici) da kewayon samfurin kowane.
- Don ƙirƙirar shigarwar samfuri, gudanar da aikin samfurin.
- Ƙimar samfurin ta amfani da abubuwan da aka samar kuma ajiye sakamakon samfurin.
- Don ƙididdige fihirisar hankali, yi amfani da aikin nazari akan abubuwan da aka fitar.
Sobol, Morris, da FAST kadan ne daga cikin hanyoyin tantance hankali da SALib ya bayar. Abubuwa da yawa suna yin tasiri akan hanyar da ta fi dacewa don aikace-aikacen da aka bayar, kamar yadda za mu gani a gaba. A halin yanzu, ka tuna cewa kawai kuna buƙatar amfani da ayyuka biyu, samfuri da nazari, ba tare da la'akari da kowace fasaha da kuke amfani da ita ba. Za mu jagorance ku ta hanyar misali na asali don kwatanta yadda ake amfani da SALib.
Misalin SALib – Sobol' Nazarin Hankali
A cikin wannan misali, za mu yi nazari kan yadda Sobol ke da aikin Ishigami, kamar yadda aka nuna a kasa. Saboda girman rashin daidaituwarsa da rashin daidaituwa, aikin Ishigami ana amfani dashi sosai don kimanta rashin tabbas da hanyoyin bincike na hankali.
Matakan suna tafiya kamar haka:
1. Shigo da SALib
Mataki na farko shine ƙara ɗakunan karatu da ake buƙata. Samfurin da nazartar ayyukan SAlib an bambanta su a cikin tsarin Python. Ana shigo da samfurin tauraron dan adam da ayyukan nazarin Sobol, alal misali, ana nuna su a ƙasa.
Hakanan muna amfani da aikin Ishigami, wanda yake samuwa azaman aikin gwaji a SALib. A ƙarshe, muna shigo da NumPy kamar yadda SALib ke amfani da shi don adana abubuwan shigar da samfuri a cikin matrix.
2. Samfurin Shigarwa
Dole ne a bayyana abubuwan shigar da samfur. Aikin Ishigami yana karɓar bayanai guda uku: x1, x2, da x3. A cikin SAlib, mun gina dict mai ƙayyadaddun adadin abubuwan da aka shigar, sunayensu, da iyaka akan kowace shigarwa, kamar yadda aka gani a ƙasa.
3. Ƙirƙirar Samfura da Samfurin
Sannan ana samar da samfuran. Muna buƙatar ƙirƙirar samfurori ta amfani da samfurin Saltelli tun lokacin da muke yin nazarin ji na Sobol. A wannan yanayin, ƙimar ƙimar NumPy matrix ne. Zamu iya lura cewa matrix shine 8000 ta 3 ta hanyar tafiyar da ƙimar param.siffa. An ƙirƙiri samfuran 8000 tare da samfurin Saltelli. Samfurin Saltelli ya haifar da samfurori, inda N shine 1024 (madaidaicin da muka bayar) kuma D shine 3. (yawan shigarwar samfurin).
Kamar yadda aka fada a baya, SALib baya tsunduma cikin kimantawa na ƙima ko ƙididdiga. Idan an rubuta samfurin a Python, yawanci za ku yi madauki ta kowane shigarwar samfurin kuma ku tantance ƙirar:
Ana iya adana samfuran zuwa fayil ɗin rubutu idan ba a haɓaka ƙirar a Python ba:
Kowane layi a cikin ƙimar param.txt yana wakiltar shigarwar ƙira ɗaya. Fitowar samfurin yakamata a adana shi zuwa wani fayil a cikin salo iri ɗaya, tare da fitarwa ɗaya akan kowane layi. Bayan haka, za a iya loda abubuwan da aka fitar da su:
A cikin wannan misali, za mu yi amfani da aikin Ishigami daga SALib. Ana iya kimanta waɗannan ayyukan gwajin kamar haka:
4. Yi Nazari
A ƙarshe zamu iya ƙididdige fihirisar hankali bayan loda sakamakon samfurin zuwa Python. A cikin wannan misali, za mu yi amfani da sobol.analyze don ƙididdige fihirisa na farko, na biyu, da jimillar oda.
Si ƙamus ne na Python yana da maɓallan "S1," "S2," "ST," "S1 conf," "S2 conf," da "ST conf." Maɓallan _conf suna riƙe tazarar amincewa masu alaƙa, waɗanda galibi ana saita su zuwa kashi 95. Don fitarwa, duk fihirisa, yi amfani da bugun sigar kalma don ta'aziyya=Gaskiya. A madadin, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a ƙasa, za mu iya buga ƙimar kowane ɗaya daga Si.
Za mu iya ganin cewa x1 da x2 suna da azancin oda na farko, amma x3 ba ya bayyana yana da wani tasiri na oda na farko.
Idan jimlar-oda fihirisa sun fi girma fiye da ma'aunin oda na farko, haƙiƙa ana yin mu'amala mai girma. Za mu iya ganin waɗannan ma'amala masu girma ta hanyar kallon ma'auni na oda na biyu:
Za mu iya lura cewa x1 da x3 suna da muhimmiyar hulɗa. Bayan haka, ana iya canza sakamakon zuwa Pandas DataFrame don ƙarin karatu.
5. Yin makirci
Don jin daɗin ku, an samar da kayan aikin ƙira na asali. Aikin mãkirci () yana samar da abubuwan axis na matplotlib don magudi na gaba.
Kammalawa
SAlib babban kayan aikin bincike ne na hankali. Sauran fasahohin da ke cikin SAlib sun haɗa da Gwajin Ƙaunar Ƙaƙwalwa ta Fourier (FAST), Hanyar Morris, da Matsayin Independentan Zamani na Delta-Moment. Yayin da yake ɗakin karatu na Python, an yi niyya don aiki tare da samfura kowane iri.
SAlib yana ba da ƙayyadaddun layin umarni mai sauƙi don amfani don ƙirƙirar abubuwan shigar da ƙima da tantance abubuwan ƙira. Duba Dokokin SAlib don ƙarin koyo.
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