Yayin da wasu kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ke shirin tura manyan taurarin tauraron dan adam a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ana ci gaba da wani sabon tseren sararin samaniya.
Yayin da kasuwancin ke gasa don haƙƙin sadar da hanyoyin sadarwa na ƙauye zuwa biliyoyin abokan ciniki masu yuwuwa daga saman gajimare, gwagwarmayar neman fifiko a masana'antar intanet ta tauraron dan adam da ke tasowa cikin sauri.
Bukatar samun intanet cikin sauri, abin dogaro a yankunan karkara da keɓantacce na haɓaka yayin da aikin nesa ya fara bayyana kamar zai daɗe fiye da annobar kuma yayin da tattalin arzikin duniya ke ƙididdige ƙima a kowane lokaci.
Masu samar da intanet na tauraron dan adam suna gaggawar cika rafuffukan, suna fafatawa don samar da intanet mai sauri, rashin jinkiri daga sararin samaniya, yayin da cibiyoyin sadarwar duniya ke ci gaba da fuskantar “ba tabo ba” a cikin manyan sassan duniya kuma suna fuskantar tsadar tsadar rayuwa mai alaƙa da kawo babban haɗin gwiwa. ɗaukar hoto kamar 5G zuwa wurare masu nisa na duniya.
Elon Musk's Starlink da Amazon's Project Kuiper a halin yanzu suna fafatawa don wani yanki na aikin a cikin wannan kasuwancin sadarwar da ke fitowa, kodayake ba su kaɗai ba ne masu fafatawa. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu fafutuka guda uku a cikin LEO (ƙananan kewayawa) tauraron dan adam tauraro na intanet da martanin Amazon ga Starlink shine Project Kuiper.
A cikin Afrilu 2019, Amazon ya buɗe Project Kuiper a karon farko. Kamfanin Amazon ne ya bullo da tsarin intanet na tauraron dan adam a shekara mai zuwa tare da zuba jari na dala biliyan 10.
Project Kuiper, kamar Starlink, yana da niyyar kiyaye dubun dubatar tauraron dan adam a cikin ƙananan kewayar duniya don watsawa da karɓar bayanai daga tashoshi masu amfani da tashoshi na ƙasa. Ko da yake duka aikin zai ɗauki shekaru goma ko fiye, an shirya harba tauraron dan adam guda biyu na Project Kuiper na farko a ƙarshen 2022.
Za mu fayyace bambance-bambance tsakanin Project Kuiper da Starlink a cikin wannan sakon. Za mu tattauna tsarin ƙirar tauraron dan adam, tashoshin ƙasa, kayan amfani da kayan aiki, da jadawalin turawa.
Menene Project Kuiper?
Amazon na kansa shiga cikin zoben intanet na tauraron dan adam shine Aikin Kuiper, wanda aka sanar a cikin bazara na 2019. Tauraron tauraron dan adam da ake tsammanin zai ci gaba da wannan hanyar sadarwa shine, da kyau, girman sararin samaniya saboda kusan albarkatun da Amazon na iya ba da gudummawa, kamar Starlink.
A cewar rahotanni, Kuiper ya kashe dala biliyan 10 wajen samun tauraron dan adam 3,236 zuwa sararin samaniya tun bayan da ya samu lasisin FCC na fara harba tauraron dan adam a watan Yulin bara. Amazon ya bayyana a cikin sanarwar manema labarai cewa "aikin na wannan girman yana buƙatar aiki mai yawa da kuɗi, kuma idan aka yi la'akari da yanayin ƙungiyar taurarin LEO, ba irin ƙoƙarin da zai iya farawa kaɗan ba."
Domin samar da intanit ga abokan cinikin da ba a yi amfani da su ba, shirye-shiryen Amazon na Kuiper, mai suna bayan masanin falaki Gerard Kuiper, ya yi kira ga jimillar ƙananan tauraron dan adam 3,236 a cikin ƙananan kewayar duniya.
Koyaya, wannan babban tsalle-tsalle dole ne a gabace shi da ƙananan matakai guda biyu, waɗanda za su kasance gwajin ƙaddamar da gwajin da kamfanin ke shirin aiwatarwa a cikin kwata na huɗu na 2022.
Don waɗannan misalan samfuri, kasuwancin ya ɗauki sabon maginin roka. Kuma ba Blue Origin ba ne, kamfanin sararin samaniya wanda Jeff Bezos, mahaliccin Amazon ya kafa, wanda a yanzu ya shirya jirage biyu na karkashin kasa, dauke da mutane zuwa sararin samaniya kamar Bezos da dan wasan kwaikwayo William Shatner.
Blue Origin bai aika da kaya zuwa sararin samaniya ba tukuna. Madadin haka, Amazon za ta yi amfani da roka na ABL Space Systems 'RS1 roka don ƙaddamar da samfuran KuiperSat-1 da KuiperSat-2 zuwa cikin sararin samaniya mai tsayin mil 367 daga Cape Canaveral Space Force Station a Florida, wanda ke kusa da Cibiyar Sararin Samaniya ta Kennedy.
Menene Starlink?
Starlink tauraron tauraron dan adam ne wanda ke ba da haɗin Intanet mai sauri. Manufar SpaceX tare da wannan sabon sabis ɗin shine kawo manyan hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo mai sauri, mara ƙarancin latsawa zuwa sassan duniya waɗanda tarihi ba a iya amfani da su ba, kamar yankunan karkara, kuma a yi tsammanin bayar da ƙarin farashi mai gasa a cikin manyan biranen. S
An fara sanar da tarlink a cikin 2015 ta SpaceX Shugaba Elon Musk (na Tesla shahara). Tun daga wannan lokacin, shirin ya harba tauraron dan adam kusan 2,000, tare da wasu fiye da haka.
A ƙarshe Musk yana tsara dubban tauraron dan adam da ke yawo a cikin ƙananan kewayar duniya don haɗawa da duk masu jigilar ƙasa na Starlink. Abokan ciniki suna shigar da ƙaramin tauraron tauraron dan adam a cikin gidajensu don haɗawa da tauraron dan adam. Waɗannan tashoshi na tauraron dan adam, waɗanda na kwanan nan suka sami amincewar FCC a cikin Nuwamba 2021, ana iya saita su a duk inda akwai fayyace sararin samaniya.
Yawancin mutane suna gano cewa mafi kyawun aikin yana zuwa ta hanyar sanya shi sosai, ko dai a kan mast ko a kan rufin gidansu. Yin amfani da app ɗin Starlink, wanda ya dace da duka Android da iOS, zaku iya tantance inda yakamata a sanya kayan aikin ku.
Sabis ɗin na iya ɗaukar adadin zazzagewa daga 50 zuwa 150 Mbps da kuma loda saurin kusan 10 Mbps, a cewar gidan yanar gizon Starlink. Ko yin wasanni, yin aiki daga nesa, watsa abun ciki, ko ɗaukar darussan kan layi, saurin ya kamata ya isa ga yawancin buƙatun gida.
Saboda yunƙurin da ake ci gaba da yi na faɗaɗa adadin tauraron dan adam a cikin kewayawa don ɗaukar hoto, Starlink lokaci-lokaci yana samun rushewa. Nemo wurin da za a kafa tasa don su sami sabis na yau da kullun a cikin yini yawanci shine babban kalubale ga abokan ciniki.
A zahiri, wannan shine dalilin da ake kira lokacin beta na Starlink da zama "Mafi Fiye da Komai."
Project Kuiper vs Starlink
1. Tauraron dan adam a wanzuwa
Starlink yana da tauraron dan adam sama da 2,000 a cikin kewayawa har zuwa Afrilu 2022. Babu tauraron dan adam daga Project Kuiper da ke cikin kewayawa a halin yanzu, amma ana tsammanin harba su biyun na farko a ƙarshen rabin 2022. A kusan tauraron dan adam 12,000, FCC ta amince da SpaceX's Starlink.
Starlink ya fada a fili a cikin shekaru masu zuwa cewa zai iya ƙara tauraron dan adam 30,000 a cikin jiragensa. Don ƙungiyar taurarin su, Project Kuiper ya samar da ƙira don tauraron dan adam 3,276.
Duk kasuwancin biyu suna shirin yin hanyar sadarwa ta duniya. Dukansu cibiyoyin sadarwa na iya yin hidima ga miliyoyin masu amfani a duk duniya waɗanda ba za su sami damar yin amfani da intanet ba bayan cikakken aikin tauraron dan adam.
2. Jigilar tauraron dan adam da kaddamar da shi
Tun daga Mayu 2019, Starlink ya fara harba tauraron dan adam. Sun gudanar da harba makaman har guda 40, inda suka dora tauraron dan adam 60 akan kowanne daya. Har sai sun cimma burinsu na tauraron dan adam masu aiki 12,000, kasuwancin na da niyyar ci gaba da harbawa a daidai gwargwado.
Babu tauraron dan adam daga Project Kuiper da ke kewayawa a halin yanzu.
An shirya ƙaddamar da na biyun na farko a ƙarshen 2022. Project Kuiper ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin ƙaddamarwa a cikin Afrilu 2022 tare da manyan masu aiki uku don jimlar ƙaddamar da 83 a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa.
3. Tsayin Tafiya
Tauraron dan adam a cikin ƙananan kewayar duniya duka Project Kuiper da Starlink (LEO) suna amfani da su. Tafiya da ke ƙasa da mil 1,200 sama da ƙasa ana kiranta da LEO. Ra'ayin mai amfani game da ƙarancin latency shine fa'ida ɗaya na aiki da tauraron dan adam a cikin LEO.
Starlink ya riga ya nuna rashin jinkiri na ainihi a matsayin ƙasa da 20ms, wanda ke yin gasa tare da tsayayyen watsa labarai. Tauraron dan adam da kafaffen samar da intanet na tauraron dan adam ke amfani da su kamar Viasat da HughesNet suna cikin kewayen geosynchronous, wanda ke kusa da mil 22,000 sama da duniyar.
Ana samar da babban latency, sau da yawa fiye da 600ms, ta wannan babban nisa. Wannan ya sa ayyukansu ba su dace da yawancin ayyukan intanit masu raɗaɗi ba, gami da wasan kwaikwayo na kan layi.
Tsayin sararin samaniya mai tsawon mil 340 na tauraron dan adam na Starlink. Tauraron dan Adam na Project Kuiper zai kewaya tsakanin mil 370 zuwa 390 a saman duniya.
4. Na'urar Hardware
Ƙaramar mai amfani da siffa mai siffa don Starlink tana gina eriya mai tsauri. Tasa yana auna kusan fam 11 kuma yana kusan girman farantin pizza.
Hakanan ana haɗa na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa na Wi-Fi da tushe mai hawa a cikin kunshin kayan masarufi. Abubuwan hawa daban-daban da na'urorin sarrafa kebul waɗanda ke samuwa azaman kayan haɗi ana bayar da su daban-daban.
Har yanzu ba a bayyana tashar mai amfani da Project Kuiper ba. Amma bisa ga Amazon, zai zama mafi m da haske fiye da abincin Starlink.
Babban makasudin tashar mai amfani da Project Kuiper shine ya zama mara tsada don haɓaka ingancin masana'antu. Eriyar Project Kuiper za ta yi amfani da fasahar tsararru, kamar tanda na Starlink.
5. Ayyukan
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran zaɓin intanet na tauraron dan adam, Starlink yana yin abin sha'awa. Ya zuwa Q4 2021, matsakaicin saurin saukewa ya kasance kusan 100 Mbps, yayin da matsakaicin saurin aikawa ya kasance kusan 12 Mbps.
Latency yana kwatankwacin ƙayyadaddun hanyoyin sadarwa a 20-40 ms. Ganin cewa masu samarwa kamar HughesNet da Viasat suna da ƙimar latency sama da 600ms, aikin latency yayi fice sosai.
Starlink ya dace da aikace-aikacen latency-m kamar wasan kan layi, sabanin abokan hamayya. Don sabis ɗin intanet ɗin sa na tauraron dan adam da aka tsara, Project Kuiper bai bayyana kowane maƙasudin aiki ba.
Muna tsammanin saurin ya zama kwatankwacinsa da Starlink saboda eriyar tsararru na iya saukar da bayanai akan ƙimar sama da 300 Mbps.
Saboda duka tauraron dan adam ana harba su a kusa da tsayi daya, wanda shine babban abin da ke shafar latency tare da intanet na tauraron dan adam, latency na Project Kuiper yakamata ya kasance daidai da na Starlink.
6. Kudinsa
Farashin farko na kunshin kayan masarufi na Starlink shine $599. Babu kwangila ko kuɗaɗen ƙarewa da wuri, kuma ƙimar biyan kuɗi kowane wata shine $ 110 kowace wata.
Haɓakawa ne kawai abin da Starlink ya ambata a matsayin farkon dalilin tashin farashin masu amfani a cikin Maris 2022. Na'urar ta fara tsada $499, kuma an saita kuɗin biyan kuɗi na wata-wata a $99 kowace wata.
Kodayake ba a bayyana farashin Project Kuiper ba, Amazon ya bayyana cewa suna son samar da farashi mai gasa. Muna tsammanin Project Kuiper zai daidaita ko ma rage farashin Starlink, idan aka yi la'akari da sadaukarwar Amazon don samar da tashar mai amfani mara tsada.
7. Akwai Sabis
Beta na jama'a don Starlink ya fara a watan Nuwamba 2019. A halin yanzu, ana samun damar sabis a cikin ɗimbin al'ummai a duniya. Starlink yana da mambobi sama da 250,000, kuma wasu abokan ciniki 500,000 suna jira. Matakan farko na ci gaban Project Kuiper suna gudana a halin yanzu.
An bayyana aikin a cikin 2019, kuma a cewar Amazon, tauraron dan adam guda biyu za su fara aiki nan da 2022. Babu bayanai da yawa a yanzu kan yadda Project Kuiper ke da niyyar gabatar da ayyukansa ga abokan ciniki.
Kammalawa
A halin yanzu ba mu da cikakken zurfin ilimi game da Kuiper Project. Abin da muka sani shi ne Project Kuiper zai fitar da intanet na tauraron dan adam na duniya ta hanyar amfani da tashoshi masu amfani masu rahusa da tauraron dan adam LEO, wanda yayi kama da Starlink.
Za a buƙaci a jinkirta mahimman bayanai game da aiki da farashi.
Baya ga irin waɗannan ƙayyadaddun bayanai, har yanzu ba a san ko Amazon zai ba da sabis na abokin ciniki kai tsaye kamar Starlink ba. Amazon na iya amfani da kasuwancin yanki, 'yan kwangila masu zaman kansu, da sauransu don sadar da sabis na intanet na tauraron dan adam.
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