Mutane da yawa suna damuwa game da ƙayyadaddun kyamarar, girman allo, da ƙarfin ajiya lokacin da suke samun sabuwar wayar hannu. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi mahimmanci na waɗannan abubuwan mabukaci masu ban sha'awa shine tsarin aiki, wanda ke da sauƙin mantawa.
Na’urar Android ta Google ita ce babbar manhajar wayar salula da ta fi shahara a duniya. Ana samunsa a cikin fiye da kashi 86 na wayoyin hannu a duk faɗin duniya. Abin da ya fi ban mamaki shi ne cewa Android ta dogara ne akan tsarin aiki na Linux mai buɗewa. Wannan yana nufin kowa na iya karantawa, canza, kuma, mafi mahimmanci, raba lambar a zuciyar mafi yawan wayoyin hannu. Haɗin kai yana yiwuwa ta wannan buɗewar.
Ba kamar Microsoft Windows ba, alal misali, wanda kamfani ɗaya ya ƙirƙira kuma ya kiyaye shi. Fiye da masu shirye-shirye 15000 daga ko'ina cikin duniya suna ba da gudummawa ga haɓakawa da kiyaye Linux. Wadannan masu shirye-shiryen na iya bayar da su don gina wani sabon abu wanda aka rarraba kyauta.
Menene Open-Source?
Wani yanki na software wanda aka samar da lambar tushe ta asali a bainar jama'a kuma ana iya raba shi da sabuntawa kamar yadda mai amfani ya buƙata. Buɗe-source software software ne wanda lambar tushe ko lambar tushe galibi ke samun dama ga kowa don gyara ko haɓaka don sake amfani da samun dama.
Ana iya amfani da wani yanki na software kuma kowa ya canza shi don shirin ko aikace-aikacen suyi aiki yadda ya kamata. Masu shirye-shiryen da ke da damar samun lambar tushe na shirin kwamfuta na iya haɓaka ta ta hanyar ƙara fasali ko gyara sassan da ba koyaushe suke aiki yadda ya kamata ba.
An ƙirƙiri software mai buɗewa ta hanyar rarrabawa da haɗin kai, dogaro da bitar takwarorinsu da fitowar al'umma. Saboda al'ummomi ne suka samar da ita maimakon mawallafi ɗaya ko kamfani ɗaya, software mai buɗewa gabaɗaya ba ta da tsada, ta fi dacewa, kuma tana da tsawon rayuwa fiye da software na mallakar mallaka.
Kowace shekara, buɗaɗɗen maɓuɓɓuka yana ƙara yaduwa, yana bayyana a ko'ina daga garuruwan gwamnati zuwa cibiyoyi. Har ila yau, ya zama sananne a tsakanin kamfanoni masu girma dabam. A zahiri, wasu kasuwancin suna ɗaukar tushen buɗe ido zuwa mataki na gaba ta hanyar ba da gudummawar ayyukan kuɗi ko haɗin gwiwa tare da masu haɓakawa.
Haɗin kai yana haɓaka ƙididdigewa tare da kyauta kuma buɗe tushen. Yawancin fasahohin da muke ɗauka a yau ba su samo asali ba ko kuma za a kiyaye su ta hanyar ikon mallaka idan ba don ta ba.
Tarihin
Masu bincike da ke aiki kan fasahar intanet na farko da ka'idojin sadarwar sadarwa sun amfana daga buɗaɗɗen yanayin bincike na haɗin gwiwa a cikin 1950s da 1960s. Cibiyar Ayyukan Bincike na Ci gaba (ARPANET) ce ta haɓaka bita na tsara da kuma buɗaɗɗen tsokaci, wanda a ƙarshe ya zama ginshiƙi na intanet na zamani.
An raba lambar tushe na kowane rukunin masu amfani kuma an inganta su. Taron ya taimaka wajen sauƙaƙe tattaunawa tare da haɓaka buɗaɗɗen hanyoyin sadarwa da haɗin gwiwa. Haɗin kai, bitar takwarorinsu, sadarwa, da buɗe ido an gasa su cikin tushen intanet a lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da shi a farkon 1990s.
Tunanin samar da code code a bainar jama'a ya samo asali ne daga wani kamfen na ilimi wanda Richard Stallman, masanin shirye-shirye a MIT, ya fara a 1983. fahimta, koyi game da, kuma inganta shi.
Stallman ya fara rarraba software kyauta a ƙarƙashin lasisinsa, GNU Public License. Wannan sabuwar dabara da halayen haɓaka software sun sami karɓuwa, wanda a ƙarshe ya kai ga kafuwar Buɗewar Ƙaddamarwa a cikin 1998.
Buɗe-Source vs. Rufe-Source Software
Buɗe-Source Software
- Software na tushen samun dama shine software na kwamfuta wanda lambar tushe a buɗe take ga jama'a, tana bawa kowa damar dubawa da amfani da ita.
- Za a iya canza lambar ta wasu mutane da kungiyoyi, lambar tushe tana iya isa ga kowa.
- Farashin software na buɗe tushen yana da ƙasa kaɗan.
- Idan shirin ya shahara, ana iya sanya adadi mai yawa na masu shirye-shirye zuwa aikin.
- Akwai ƙarancin iyaka akan masu amfani dangane da amfani da software da keɓancewa.
- Ana iya saita kowace na'ura don gudanar da buɗaɗɗen software.
- Firefox, Android ta Google, Linux Operating System, Android, Thunderbird, MySQL, Mailman, Moodle, Perl, PHP, da Python wasu misalai ne.
Rufe-Source Software
- Rufe tushen software software ce ta kwamfuta tare da rufaffiyar lambar tushe, wanda ke nufin cewa jama'a ba su da damar yin amfani da lambar tushe.
- Mutum ko ƙungiyar da suka samar da software ne kawai ke da ikon canza lambar.
- Ana kiyaye lambar tushe na rufaffiyar tushen software.
- Akwai iyakoki da yawa da aka sanya akan masu amfani dangane da amfani da software da keɓancewa.
- Kamfanin software / ƙungiyar yana hayar masu shirye-shirye don inganta software.
- Rufe tushen software yana da tsada.
- Kafin shigar da shi akan kowace kwamfuta, rufaffiyar software dole ne ta sami ingantacciyar lasisi.
- Babu sarari don kuskure a cikin rufaffiyar tushen software.
- Skype, Google Earth, Java, Adobe Flash, Virtual Box, Adobe Reader, Microsoft Office, Microsoft Windows, WinRAR, mac OS, Adobe Flash Player wasu misalai ne.
The amfanin
Lambar buɗe tushen ta taimaka wa masu haɓakawa da manyan kamfanoni a cikin ƙwarewarsu ta fasaha. Ilimi ba ya ƙarewa, musamman idan aka yi la'akari da haɓakar sakamakon coding. Wannan hanyar sadarwa ta ra'ayoyin da ke ci gaba da haɓaka ita ce kawai farkon yadda irin wannan software za ta iya taimakawa kamfanin ku.
Miƙa kasafin kuɗi na iya zama yaƙin yau da kullun don farawa. Samar da ayyukan buɗe ido yana ba masu amfani damar rungumar sabuwar fasaha ba tare da biyan kuɗin membobinsu ko sanya hannu kan kwangiloli na dogon lokaci ba. Baya ga ƙarancin kuɗi (ko babu shi), ɗakunan karatu na tushen buɗewa suna ba ƙungiyoyi damar fara fara aikin gina kayan aikin IT ko haɓaka sabon aikace-aikacen.
Yawancin wannan aikin an riga an yi muku godiya ta hanyar buɗewa. Wannan yana 'yantar da lokacin masu haɓakawa don haɓakawa da keɓancewa. A koyaushe za a sami yanayi inda ƙungiyoyi ke son farawa daga karce tare da haɓakawa, amma har ma manyan samfuran duniya sun san lokaci da kuɗin da aka adana ta amfani da fasahar buɗe ido. Abubuwan buɗaɗɗen tushen tushe, ko ana amfani da su azaman kayan farawa don hadaddun ƙa'idodi ko guntuwar ƙaramin wasan wasa don taimakawa kammala aikin na iya zama madadin mai amfani ga masu haɓakawa da ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci.
Al'ummomin kan layi kamar GitHub suna nuna yuwuwar haɗin gwiwar software na buɗe tushen, suna ba da gida ga miliyoyin masu haɓakawa da kamfanoni don ɗaukar nauyi, kimantawa, da amfani da dandamali na buɗe tushen. Microsoft ya biya dala biliyan 7.5 don dandalin a cikin 2018. Wannan shi ne wataƙila misali mafi bayyane har zuwa yau na yadda fasahar buɗe ido ta zama shahararriyar fasahar buɗe ido, da kuma cewa kafafan IT suna saka hannun jari a nan gaba na wannan al'umma.
Don dalilai daban-daban, haɓakawa da aiwatar da dabarun buɗaɗɗen software ya zama mai mahimmanci. Kai ɗaya kuma tare, masu haɓaka software na buɗe tushen suna neman mafi kyawun amsoshi ga ƙalubalen fasaha, yana haifar da software mai dogaro, aminci, kuma kyauta. Shirin yana inganta a tsawon lokaci sakamakon aikin da suke yi.
Tsarin yana taimakawa da tushe da yawa, gami da Linux Foundation, wanda ke tallafawa tushen buɗe ido a cikin fagagen fasaha da yawa, Apache Software Foundation, da Eclipse Foundation.
Sun kafa ka'idoji tare da haɗin gwiwar dijital behemoths kamar AWS, Facebook, Google, IBM, Microsoft, Netflix, da SAP, kazalika da masana'antun hardware kamar Cisco, Intel, da kuma Tesla. Har ila yau, suna gina gidaje masu zaman kansu na tallace-tallace don ayyuka, bayar da taimakon kuɗi don abubuwan more rayuwa, taimakawa da tallace-tallace, da zabar kwamitoci don yin zaɓen ayyuka masu wayo.
A taƙaice, wasu manyan fa'idodin buɗaɗɗen tushe sune:
- Kudin kayan aikin sun yi ƙasa.
- Software na kwarai inganci.
- Tallafin duniya daga masu haɓakawa.
- Sassauci da 'yanci.
- Gudanar da lasisi abu ne mai sauƙi.
- Tattaunawa da ƙaddamar da ayyukan.
Hadarin
Kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin sashin da ya gabata, buɗaɗɗen tushe na iya samar da fa'idodi da yawa. Yanzu kuma za mu yi dubi ne kan illolin da za a iya samu ko haxarin da ke tattare da shi, waxanda suka kasu kashi uku kamar haka:
- Hadarin Tsaro
- Haɗarin inganci
- Hadarin Biyayya
Ana iya samun abubuwan buɗe tushen tushen a cikin ma'ajin intanet iri-iri, kuma masu haɓakawa ba su da hanyar sanin ingancin su ko aminci. Ƙungiyoyin da ba sa saka hannun jari don sarrafa amfanin su suna jefa kansu cikin haɗari, kuma suna iya biyan farashi daga baya lokacin da gyara kurakurai ya yi tsada sosai.
Hadarin Tsaro
Hackers na iya samun kuɗi da yawa suna amfani da kurakuran tsaro na buɗe tushen. Wannan yana ba masu kutse duk bayanan da suke buƙata don ƙaddamar da hari. Don yin muni, saboda ana amfani da shi sosai, rashin lahani a cikin sanannen sashi yana ba masu satar bayanai da yawa masu yiwuwa wadanda abin ya shafa. Wannan yana nufin cewa hackers suna sa ido sosai a cikin al'umma kuma suna saurin yin amfani da sanannun kurakuran tsaro a cikin shahararrun abubuwan buɗe tushen.
Kasuwancin software suna da rauni ga munanan hare-hare idan ba su sa ido kan amfani da buɗaɗɗen tushen su ba kuma sun jahilci kowane ɗakin karatu mai rauni a lambar su.
Haɗarin inganci
Yayin da kamfani ke kashe lokaci da kuɗi mai yawa don tabbatar da ingancin lambar mallakar sa, ya bayyana cewa yawancin ƙungiyoyin ci gaba ba sa ƙima ko yin watsi da ingancin abubuwan buɗe tushen. Tabbas, dukkanmu muna son samfurin mu na ƙarshe ya kasance mai daidaituwa da kwanciyar hankali a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba.
Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da ke da wuya a tabbatar da cewa ɓangaren software na buɗaɗɗen tushe baya lalata matsayin samfurin ku shine saboda babu wasu ƙa'idodi da aka amince da su don tantance ingancinsa, kuma halayen haɗin gwiwar buɗe tushen na iya yin wahala. auna.
Hadarin Biyayya
Kowane ɓangaren software na buɗe tushen, da kuma abubuwan dogaronsa, suna da lasisi. Lokacin da muka yi amfani da su a cikin aikinmu, mun ƙaddamar da wasu sharuɗɗa da sharuɗɗa waɗanda dole ne mu bi su. Ga waɗanda ba su da masaniya da sarƙaƙƙiyar lasisin buɗaɗɗen tushe, wannan na iya zama mafarki mai ban tsoro.
Wasu ayyukan bude-bude ba su da kowane irin lasisin tushe, yana nuna cewa dokokin haƙƙin mallaka suna aiki ta tsohuwa. Saboda akwai lasisi da yawa, biyan duk buƙatun doka yana da wahala sosai. Shin kun san akwai nau'ikan lasisin buɗaɗɗen tushe sama da 200, kowannensu yana da nasa na musamman, na musamman, kuma galibi sharuɗɗan sharuɗɗa?
Makomar Buɗe-Source
Sabbin raƙuman ƙirƙira za su haɓaka ta hanyar software wanda shine sakamakon ƙoƙarin haɗin gwiwa, ba kawai daga kasuwanci ɗaya ba, amma daga al'umma da aka sadaukar don inganta yanayin gaba ɗaya.
Kamfanoni suna 'yantar da masu haɓaka su don yin gasa a fagen dijital, tare da manufar kasancewa farkon waɗanda ke haifar da haɓaka haɓakawa a cikin masana'antar fasaha, yayin da yake ci gaba da samun fa'ida a tsakanin kamfanoni.
Masu haɓakawa na iya magance matsalolin gwaji da aiwatarwa yadda ya kamata ta hanyar amfani da buɗe tushen al'umma da koyo daga mafi kyawun masu haɓakawa, musamman tare da ambaliyar sabbin fasahohi kamar AI, injin inji, da kuma ci gaban robotics.
Lokacin da ma'aikata suka yi amfani da fa'ida mai ƙarfi, al'umma mai tushen mafita, muna ganin kasuwancin suna samun riba. Daga motocin tuƙi zuwa mutummutumi na likita, birane masu wayo zuwa wuraren tattara bayanai, ba ma so mu ba da amsoshi ga waɗannan ƙalubalen ga ƙananan kamfanoni. Madadin haka, ya kamata mu dogara ga buɗaɗɗen tushe da ƙwararrun masu ƙirƙira don samun sakamako mafi girma.
Kammalawa
Motsin bude-bude yana da alhakin ci gaban fasaha cikin sauri cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata. Duk da yake buɗe tushen yana haifar da wasu haɗari, akwai fa'idodi da yawa da hanyoyi masu ban sha'awa na gaba. Babban al'umma na masu ba da gudummawa, yadda za a bi don farawa, koyo ta hanyar nazarin lambar wasu mutane, da samun ƙwarewar sadarwa tare da sauran injiniyoyi wasu kyawawan fa'idodi ne da kuke samu daga buɗaɗɗen software.
Idan kuma kuna son fara ba da gudummawa ga aikin buɗe tushen, da farko nemo wanda yake burge ku, sannan ku bincika GitHub don alamar da ke cewa “fitilar farko mai kyau” ko wani abu makamancin haka. Kyakkyawan Batu na Farko wani aiki ne da ke ba da zaɓi mai sauƙi daga mashahuran ayyukan don masu haɓakawa waɗanda ba su taɓa ba da gudummawa ba.
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