Fasahar ɗan adam ta kai kololuwarta tare da tsarin dijital.
Ana amfani da microcontroller ko microprocessor a cikin irin waɗannan tsarin, waɗanda ke adanawa, sarrafawa, da isar da bayanai ta hanyar dijital.
Da'irori na dijital suna ba da kuma karɓar bayanai a cikin lambobi biyu (1s da 0s).
Bugu da ƙari, ƙofofin dabaru sun aza harsashi ga yawan da'irar dabaru na dijital da ke wanzuwa a yau.
Kwamfutoci sun zama muhimmin bangare na rayuwar yau da kullun tunda suna iya aiwatar da ayyuka da ayyuka da yawa cikin kankanin lokaci.
Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman ayyuka na CPU na kwamfuta shine gudanar da matakai masu ma'ana ta amfani da kayan aiki kamar Integrated Circuits, fasahar software, da da'irori na lantarki.
Kwamfutoci suna amfani da lambobin binary maimakon lambobi na dijital don ayyuka masu sauƙi. Ƙofofin dabaru suna yin duk ayyukan.
Menene ƙofar dabaru?
Ƙofar dabaru wani yanki ne na da'irori na dijital wanda ke aiki azaman tubalan gini.
Suna aiwatar da mahimman ayyuka masu ma'ana a cikin kewayawa na dijital. Ana amfani da ƙofofin dabaru a kusan kowane kayan fasaha da muke amfani da su a zamanin yau.
Ƙofofin dabaru, alal misali, ana iya samun su akan na'urorin hannu, allunan, da na'urorin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
Ƙofofin dabaru na da'ira suna yanke shawara bisa ga cakuɗen siginar dijital da aka aika cikin abubuwan da ke cikin sa. Galibin kofofin dabaru suna da abubuwan shiga guda biyu da fitarwa ɗaya.
Don gina ƙofofin dabaru, ana amfani da algebra Boolean. A kowane lokaci, kowane tasha yana cikin ɗayan jihohin binary biyu: ƙarya ko gaskiya.
Ƙarya tana daidai da sifili, yayin da gaskiya tana daidai da ɗaya. Fitowar binary zai bambanta dangane da nau'in ƙofar dabaru da aka yi amfani da shi da haɗin shigarwa.
Ƙofa mai ma'ana tana kama da na'urar kunna haske a cikin cewa ana kashe fitarwa a wuri ɗaya kuma a cikin ɗayan. Ana yawan amfani da ƙofofin dabaru a cikin haɗaɗɗun da'irori (ICs).
Menene ƙofofin dabaru daban-daban?
Ƙofofin dabaru sun kasu kashi bakwai:
- KUMA
- OR
- BA
- NOR
- Nand
- XOR
- XNOR
Yanzu, bari mu zurfafa cikin kowannensu.
1. DA Ƙofar
Ƙofar dabaru ce a matakin farko. Akwai nau'ikan abubuwan shigarwa guda biyu akwai: 0 da 1.
Ayyukansa iri ɗaya ne da na ma'aikacin "da". Idan duk abubuwan da ke cikin ƙofar suna da ƙima ɗaya (gaskiya), sakamakon shine 1, kuma 0 ana isar da shi lokacin da ɗayan abubuwan da ke cikin ke da ƙima ɗaya (ƙarya).
Zancen
Y = AB
Tsarin zane
Teburin Gaskiya
A | B | Output |
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 1 |
2. KO Ƙofar
KO ƙofofin suna da abubuwan shiga guda biyu ko fiye kuma nau'in ƙofar dabaru ne.
Yana iya samar da fitarwa ɗaya kawai a lokaci guda, ko da yake. Dangane da algebra, ƙofar OR tana samar da jimlar bayanan shigarwa.
Fitowar ƙofar OR gaskiya ce (1) yayin da aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan shigarta gaskiya ne; in ba haka ba, sakamakon shi ne sifili.
Zancen
Y=A+B
Tsarin zane
Teburin Gaskiya
A | B | Output |
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 1 |
3. BA Kofa ba
Yana iya samun shigarwa da fitarwa ɗaya kawai a kowane lokaci. BA ƙofofin ba, a gefe guda, ana amfani da su don samar da fitarwa maimakon shigarwa.
Sakamakon shine 0 idan shigar NOT ƙofar shine 1; idan shigarwar ta kasance 0, sakamakon shine 1.
Saboda aikinsa, ana kuma san shi da inverter. Ƙofar NOT wani lokaci ana kiranta da Ƙofar Unary saboda bayyanannen adadin adadin abubuwan da aka shigar.
Zancen
Y=A'
Tsarin zane
Teburin Gaskiya
Shigar (A) | Fitowa (BA A) |
0 | 1 |
1 | 0 |
4. KO Ƙofa
Ya ƙunshi duka kofofin KO kuma BA ƙofofi ba. Ƙofar NOR itace kishiyar ƙofar OR dangane da yadda take aiki.
A kowane lokaci, ƙofar NOR na iya samun abubuwa biyu ko fiye amma fitarwa ɗaya kawai. Lokacin da duk abubuwan da aka shigar sun zama sifili, ƙofar NOR ta dawo 1; duk da haka, idan ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka shigar ya zama ɗaya (1), abin da aka fitar ba shi da sifili (0).
Zancen
Y=(A+B)'
Tsarin zane
Teburin Gaskiya
A | B | Output |
0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 0 |
5. Kofar NAND
Haɗaɗɗen gate ne na AND kuma BA ƙofa ba wanda zai iya karɓar abubuwa biyu ko fiye a lokaci guda amma kawai fitar da ɗaya.
Hanyar kofar NAND ita ce sabanin ta kofar AND. Lokacin da ɗayan abubuwan shigar NAND ɗin 0 ne, ana samun fitarwa 1; in ba haka ba, abin da ake fitarwa koyaushe shine 0.
Zancen
Y=(AB)'
Tsarin zane
Teburin Gaskiya
A | B | Output |
0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 |
6. Ƙofar XOR
Exclusive-OR, wanda aka fi sani da ƙofar 'Ex-OR', ƙofar dabaru ce ta dijital wacce ke ɗaukar bayanai sama da biyu amma tana fitar da ƙima ɗaya kawai.
Fitowar Ƙofar XOR shine '1' idan ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka shigar shine '1'. Sakamakon shine '0' idan duka abubuwan da aka shigar sune '1'. Sakamakon shine '0' idan duka abubuwan da aka shigar sune '0'.
Zancen
Y=A'.B+A.B'
Tsarin zane
Teburin Gaskiya
A | B | Output |
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 |
7. Ƙofar XNOR
Exclusive-NOR, wanda aka fi sani da ƙofar 'EX-NOR', ƙofar dabaru ce ta dijital wacce ke ɗaukar bayanai sama da biyu amma tana fitar da ɗaya kawai.
Idan duka abubuwan da aka shigar sune '1,' fitowar Ƙofar XNOR shine '1.' Sakamakon shine '0' lokacin da abubuwan da aka shigar duka biyu '0' ne. Sakamakon zai zama '0' idan ɗayan abubuwan da aka shigar shine '0'.
Zancen
Y=A.B+A'B'
Tsarin zane
Teburin Gaskiya
A | B | Output |
0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 0 |
Amfanin Ƙofar Logic
- Ana iya haɗa ƙofofin dabaru ta hanyoyi da yawa, kuma sabbin na'urori, tauraron dan adam, har ma da mutummutumi suna buƙatar miliyan ɗaya na waɗannan haɗin.
- Ana amfani da kofofin dabaru a cikin aikace-aikace da yawa. Chips (ICs) sun ƙunshi waɗannan abubuwa, waɗanda ake samu a cikin kwamfutoci, wayoyi, kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, da sauran na'urorin lantarki.
- Canja wurin bayanai, ƙididdigewa, da sarrafa bayanai duk suna amfana daga ƙofofin dabaru. Ana amfani da ƙofofin dabaru da yawa a cikin dabaru na transistor-transistor da CMOS Electronics.
- Ƙararrawa masu sata, masu buzzers, masu sauyawa, da fitulun titi duk suna amfani da haɗakar ƙofa mai sauƙi. Ana amfani da waɗannan ƙofofin ko'ina a cikin kewayon masana'antu tunda suna iya zaɓar farawa ko tsayawa dangane da dabaru.
ribobi
- Ba su da tsada. A sakamakon haka, sun zama masu tasiri sosai.
- Yana buƙatar ƙarancin wutar lantarki.
- Logic 0 da Logic 1 sun rabu a fili.
- Yana aiki azaman tushe ga kowane na'urar dijital.
- Yana amfani da Boolean Algebra don yin ayyuka masu ma'ana.
fursunoni
- Ƙofar dabaru ba za a iya tunaninta ba a cikin tsarin da ya fi nagartaccen tsari ko ƙirar da'ira tunda yana da wahala a saka su da haɗa su yadda ya kamata.
- Low wutar lantarki aiki abu ne mai kyau a samu.
- An raba shigarwar da fitarwa ta hanyar jinkirin lokaci.
Kammalawa
Ana magance kwararar wutar lantarki ta ƙofar dabaru.
Dole ne ku ba da labari gare shi, kuma idan an kunna canja wuri, halin yanzu na iya gudana ta cikinsa.
Ma'auni na gudana na halin yanzu da kuke aiki azaman canji ana bayyana shi gabaɗaya ta ƙofar dabaru.
Kuna iya amfani da ƙofofin dabaru don cika ayyukan binary kamar ƙari, ninkawa, da rarrabuwa.
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