A ƙoƙarin maye gurbin C++ mai daraja amma sluggish, masu bincike na Google sun gabatar da sabon "gwaji" buɗaɗɗen yaren shirye-shiryen da ake yi wa lakabi da Carbon.
Carbon zai iya zama yaren magaji ga C++, wanda ke ba da sauƙi mai sauƙi ga masu haɓakawa zuwa sabon harshe wanda ke magana da ra'ayoyin ci gaban zamani kamar amincin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ƙa'idodi.
Wannan zai yi kama da yadda Microsoft ya gina Rubutun Rubutun don sabunta JavaScript da Kotlin don ƙarfafa rauni a cikin Java.
Google ya haɓaka harsunan shirye-shirye da yawa a tsawon shekaru, wasu daga cikinsu sun sami shahara da shahara.
Misali, Golang (ko kawai Go) an ƙera shi don sauƙaƙe ƙirƙirar sabar da tsarin rarraba sannan jama'a sun karɓe shi.
A Dart harshen shirin, wanda aka ƙirƙira azaman madadin JavaScript, bai zama sananne ba har sai an ƙaddamar da Flutter.
Chandler Carruth, ma'aikacin Google, ya gabatar da ra'ayinsa na sabon yaren shirye-shirye mai suna Carbon a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2022, a babban taron Cpp North a Toronto. a cewar Conor Hoekstra, wanda ya halarci da kuma rikodin nunin faifai.
Don saita yanayin, Carruth ya nuna yadda yawancin yarukan shirye-shirye da aka fi so na yau suna da zuriyar da ke ba masu haɓaka damar haɓaka cikin sauri kuma su ci gajiyar ƙirar harshe na zamani.
Bari mu fara da gabatarwa gabaɗaya na harshen shirye-shiryen Carbon, gami da fasalinsa, da manufar ƙirƙira shi da Google, da ƙari.
Gabatarwa zuwa Harshen Shirye-shiryen Carbon
A ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2022, Google ya bayyana Carbon a matsayin sabon yaren shirye-shirye da ya ƙirƙira. An yi niyya don maye gurbin C++ ta gwaji.
Godiya ga tsarin kwayoyin halitta, wanda ke kawar da buƙatar duba lambar sau biyu don kowane lokaci, Carbon za a gina shi a kan tushen tsarin tsarin zamani.
A ƙarshen shekara, ƙirar tana shirin samar da sigar aiki na asali (version 0.1).
Mutuncin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya muhimmin abu ne wanda C++ ya ɓace. Ɗaya daga cikin tushen tushen ɓarna na tsaro shine batutuwan samun damar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
Haɓaka binciken iyakoki mai ƙarfi, mafi girman bin diddigin jahohin da ba a san su ba, da ingantaccen tsarin ginin gyara kuskure duk burin ƙungiyar Carbon ne. Masu ƙirƙira sun yi niyya don ƙirƙirar ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin Carbon cikin lokaci.
Koyaya, waɗannan sune wasu mahimman halaye na sabon yaren shirye-shirye:
- Don suna iri, yi amfani da maganganu.
- Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi tare da ƙididdigar ma'anar
- Nau'ikan suna aiwatar da musaya na musamman
- Kalmomin gabatarwa da nahawu na asali
- Alamomi suna ba da izinin shiga mara iyaka da maye gurbi.
- Ma'auni don sigogin shigarwar ayyuka ana karantawa kawai.
- Tushen sunaye shine kunshin.
- Ana iya shigo da APIs ta amfani da sunayen fakitin su.
- Ana bayyana hanyar ta hanyar sigar abu bayyananne.
- Azuzuwan sun ƙare ta tsohuwa; Gado ɗaya ne kawai
Siffofin Carbon
Na zamani da tasowa
- Haɓakawa tsakanin nau'ikan Carbon suna da sauƙi kuma tushen kayan aiki.
- Ƙarfafan harshe mai ƙarfi, musamman idan kun yi amfani da C++, kuma mai sauƙin koya
- Tushen aminci da tsari-mataki-mataki zuwa rukunin amintaccen ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya
Maraba da al'ummar buɗaɗɗen tushe
- Al'ummar da ke ƙoƙarin zama mai ɗumi, karɓa, da gayyata
- Manufofinsa da abubuwan da suka sa gaba sun bambanta da kuma ingantaccen shugabanci
- Dabarar gabaɗaya tare da mai tarawa, ɗakunan karatu, takardu, kayan aiki, sarrafa fakiti, da ƙari
Mai sauri kuma mai jituwa tare da C++
- Yi aiki tare da Lambar C + kun riga kuna da, gami da gado da samfuri
- Tare da LLVM, aiki mai kwatankwacin C++ da ƙananan damar samun ragowa da adireshi
- Gina masu sauri da daidaitawa kuma masu dacewa da tsarin ginin ku na C++
Me yasa Google ya gina harshen shirye-shiryen Carbon?
Ana ci gaba da rubuta software mai mahimmanci a cikin C++, wanda ke da girma da haɓaka codebases da saka hannun jari.
Duk da haka, tana fuskantar matsalar ci gaba da biyan buƙatun masu haɓakawa kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, galibi saboda tarin bashin fasaha na shekaru.
Yana da matukar wahala a ƙara haɓaka C++ saboda bashin fasaha da ya tara da kuma matsaloli tare da tsarin juyin halittar sa.
Hanyar da ta dace don magance waɗannan batutuwa ita ce farawa da ƙaƙƙarfan tushe na harshe, kamar tsarin ƙirar zamani, tsarin ƙirar ƙirar ƙira, da daidaito, madaidaiciya madaidaiciya, maimakon gaji al'adar C ko C++ kai tsaye.
Go, Swift, Kotlin, Rust, da sauran yarukan zamani da yawa sun riga sun ba da ƙwararrun ƙwarewar ci gaba. Masu haɓakawa waɗanda ke da ikon amfani da ɗayan waɗannan harsunan yanzu ya kamata.
Abin takaici, karɓowa da ƙaura daga C++ suna da matuƙar cikas ta hanyar ƙirar waɗannan harsuna. Waɗannan cikas sun haɗa da aiki sama da sama da gyare-gyare ga ƙirar ƙira ta software.
Carbon ba ƙoƙari ba ne don inganta C ++ a hankali; maimakon haka, dabarun harshe ne na magaji. Abin da ya fi mayar da hankali shi ne kan haɗin gwiwar C ++, da kuma karɓuwa da kuma ƙaura ga masu haɓakawa da codebases a halin yanzu suna amfani da C++.
Dole ne yaren musanya C++ ya kasance yana da:
- Aiki mai kwatankwacin C++ muhimmin sifa ce ga masu haɓakawa.
- Hanyar ilmantarwa mai sauƙin sarrafawa da matakin sanin masu shirye-shiryen C++
- Hijira mai iya daidaitawa kuma ya haɗa da wasu fassarar lambar C++ na asali-zuwa-source.
- Irin wannan bayyanawa da goyan baya ga gine-gine da ƙira na software na yanzu.
- Haɗin kai tare da C++ wanda ba shi da sumul kuma bidirectional, yana barin kowane ɗakin karatu ya ɗauki Carbon ba tare da sanya sauran tari ba.
Tare da wannan dabarar, Google yana ƙarawa ga yanayin yanayin da ya riga ya wanzu don C++ kuma ya haɗa hannun jari na yanzu, ginshiƙai, da al'ummomin ci gaba.
Harsuna kaɗan sun karɓi wannan tsarin don yanayin halittu daban-daban, kuma Carbon yana neman yin aiki iri ɗaya ga C++ a cikin waɗannan yanayi:
- Java - Kotlin
- JavaScript - TypeScript
- C ++ - Carbon
C++ VS Carbon Code
Carbon ya kamata ya kasance yana da ƙarancin koyo idan kun kasance mai haɓaka C++ tukuna. Ya ƙunshi ƙayyadaddun tsarin gine-gine na nahawu waɗanda yakamata suyi sauti na halitta kuma su kasance masu sauƙin karantawa da fahimta.
Misalin lambar C++:
Wannan lambar Carbon yayi daidai da:
Carbon Vs Tsatsa
Wani yare na zamani da aka ƙera kai tsaye don biyan buƙatun aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen amintaccen ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ana kiransa Tsatsa.
Don haka me yasa ba kawai amfani da Rust ba?
Yayin da wasu ke jayayya cewa Rust, wanda ya fara a matsayin aikin Mozilla kuma daga baya ya girma don samun ɗimbin jama'a, magaji ne ga C++, Carruth ya yi shakka idan daidaiton ya kasance har yanzu.
Babu shakka tsatsa babban yare ne mai ban sha'awa wanda za'a fara sabon aiki da shi, amma da yake ba shi da "haɗin gwiwar haɗin kai" na harsuna kamar Java & Kotlin, yana da ƙalubale don canzawa zuwa gare shi a hankali.
Carruth ta ba da lacca a CPP North kuma ta ƙarfafa mutanen da suka riga sun yi amfani da Rust su ci gaba da yin haka. Masu haɓakawa waɗanda tuni suna da manyan lambobin C++ waɗanda ke ƙalubalantar canzawa zuwa Tsatsa yakamata su yi amfani da Carbon.
Musamman, Carbon shine abin da Carruth ke magana a matsayin "harshen magaji," wanda aka gina a saman yanayin yanayin da ake ciki, a wannan misali C ++.
Don wannan dalili, Carbon ana nufin ya dace da lambar C++ na yanzu, koda kuwa yana da maƙasudai da yawa tare da Tsatsa, kamar taimakon masu shirye-shirye don ƙirƙirar “ayyukan ayyuka masu mahimmanci.”
Bugu da ƙari, an yi niyya don yin motsi daga C++ zuwa Carbon a matsayin mai sauƙi kamar yadda zai yiwu.
Kammalawa
A ƙarshe, masu ƙirƙirar harshen Carbon sun yi ƙoƙari don kula da tsarin ƙirƙirar. Ana samun lambar aikin don buƙata kuma an adana shi a fili Github, kuma an ayyana al'adunsa a matsayin mai haɗawa da buɗewa ga ƴan ƙasa masu zaman kansu da kuma sashin IT.
Tawagar Carbon ta yi tunanin cewa Carbon na bukatar ya zama wani aiki mai cin gashin kansa wanda al'umma ke tafiyar da shi ba wai kawai wani aiki da Google ke rura wutar da shi ba domin ci gaba a nan gaba.
Caruth ya kara da cewa duk da sha'awar da dama daga cikin kasuwancin IT, wannan tunanin har yanzu yana cikin matakin gwaji.
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