Teburin Abubuwan Ciki[Boye][Nuna]
Don maye gurbin C++ a matsayin daidaitaccen harshen shirye-shirye, Google ya haɓaka Carbon a matsayin ƙarni na gaba na harsunan shirye-shirye.
Wani aikin buɗe tushen gwaji har yanzu, shine. Harshen Carbon, wanda Chandler Carruth ya fara nuna shi a taron CppNorth, ya bayyana a matsayin babban madadin C++.
Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi yaren Carbon, shigarwa, da ainihin ma'ana. Hakanan ya haɗa da wasu lambobin samfurin.
Harshen Shirye-shiryen Carbon
Yayin da fasaha ke ci gaba, harshen Carbon zai iya maye gurbin C++ a ƙarshe. C++ ya riga ya zama yaren shirye-shirye na ban mamaki. Yana da kyakkyawan aiki kuma ana amfani dashi ko'ina a cikin tsarin masana'antu daban-daban.
Ya dace da dandamali da yawa, gine-ginen kayan aiki, da tsarin aiki. Duk da haka, wasu daga cikin matsalolin C++ sune kamar haka:
Bashin fasaha (dokokin haɓaka lamba) ya tara akan ayyuka da yawa. Daidaituwar baya tare da C yana sa gyara bashin fasaha da aiwatar da gyare-gyaren lamba da wahala.
Saboda farashin tsarin ISO da ƙuntatawa akan gwaji, tsarin juyin halitta don ƙara sabbin ayyuka zuwa C++ yana da ƙalubale musamman.
Saboda haka, C++ yana kasa cimma manufofinsa da yawa, kamar haɓaka software mai mahimmanci, haɓaka software da harsuna, rubuta sauƙi, lambar da za'a iya karantawa, da sauƙaƙe ci gaba mai sauri.
Ziyarci “Harshen Shirye-shiryen Carbon ta Google - Gabatarwa” idan kuna son ƙarin koyo game da yaren shirye-shiryen carbon. Wannan sakon zai ba ku duk bayanan da kuke buƙata.
Yanzu da muka fahimci abin da harshen Carbon yake da kuma dalilin da ya sa muke buƙatar amfani da shi, bari mu shiga cikin saitin / shigarwa, syntax, da misalai.
Yadda ake kafawa da shigar da harshen shirye-shiryen carbon?
Kafa harshen Carbon yana buƙatar shigar da
- Ana kiran kayan aiki don shigar da fakitin Homebrew. Kuna iya bin waɗannan matakan idan ba a riga an shigar da homebrew ba.
- Bazel: Bazel kayan aikin gini ne na gwaji kyauta wanda ke aiki tare da dandamali da harsuna da yawa.
- Harshen carbon ana gudanar da shi akan LLVM, ƙaramin injin kama-da-wane.
- Carbon Explorer: Don harshen Carbon, Carbon Explorer yana aiki azaman kayan aikin aiwatarwa. Za mu yi amfani da mai binciken carbon don gudanar da kowane shirin da aka rubuta a cikin carbon.
Don sashin shigarwa na wannan koyawa, za a yi amfani da Windows. Koyaya, jagororin wasu ayyuka na iya zama kwatankwacinsu. Kuna iya barin sharhi akan wannan labarin idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi game da shigarwa.
Yi amfani da umarni masu zuwa a cikin tashar ku don shigar da lang ɗin carbon.
Shigar da Bazel
Ana iya shigar da Bazel ta hanyar gudu
Ya kamata a yanzu shigar da Bazel ta atomatik kuma a daidaita shi kuma a shirye don amfani.
Shigar da LLVM
LLVM shine babban injin kama-da-wane da ke tafiyar da yaren carbon. Don saita shi
Saita lambar yaren carbon
Wannan matakin ya ƙunshi zazzage lambar lang carbon.
Bayan kafa harshen carbon, bari mu bincika wasu mahimman abubuwan wannan sabon harshe.
Tushen Harshen Shirye-shiryen Carbon
Mabambantan Lambobi
Canjin harshen carbon zai iya zama
- bool yana tsaye ga boolean gaskiya ko ƙarya.
- Nau'in lamba sun haɗa da i8, i16, i32, i64, i128, da i256.
- Nau'o'in lamba marasa sa hannu sun haɗa da u8, u16, u32, u128, da u256.
- Nau'in iyo sun haɗa da f16, f32, f64, da f128.
- Ana iya amfani da shi don raba lambobi. Misali, idan an bayyana 1 000 000 ba tare da ambato ba, ya kasance lamba ce.
kirtani
Za a iya siffanta kirtani ta amfani da ma'auni
- Kirtani mai wakiltar jerin byte
- String_View azaman bayanin karantawa kawai don jerin byte a utf-8.
Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don ayyana ainihin kirtani.
- Layi Guda: Yi amfani da alamar zance sau biyu ( ") don layi ɗaya
- Yi amfani da ayyana kirtani da yawa don ayyana kirtani da yawa ("").
'Yan bulolin
Tuples dabi'u ne masu daidaitawa da yawa. Za a iya ƙayyade su ta amfani da baka ( )
(x,y,z) tuple ne mai ɗauke da haɗin kai da yawa. Ana iya amfani da fihirisar don nemo su.
iri-iri
Ana amfani da nau'in tsararru da girman don bayyana tsararraki. [nau'i; size] shine syntax. Misali, var array: [i32; 4] = (1,2,3,4);
pointers
Carbon ba shi da ma'ana mara kyau. Yi amfani da nau'in Zaɓuɓɓuka (T*) don bayyana mai nuni wanda maiyuwa ko ƙila ba zai kai ga halaltaccen abu ba. * yana tsaye don ƙima, kuma & yana tsaye ga adireshin.
Don madauki
Domin ana iya bayyana madaukai tare da (sharadi na madauki){}.
Yayin da madauki
Yayin da za a iya ayyana madaukai ta amfani da lokaci (sharadi){}.
Aiki/Hanyoyi
Ana iya amfani da kalmar fn don ayyana ayyuka. Tsarin tsarin shine fn MethodName (var param: type…) -> nau'in dawowa. Kuna iya yin watsi da sashin da ke biyowa -> don nau'ikan dawowar wofi ko wofi.
Classes
Ana amfani da kalmar maɓalli a cikin harshen carbon don ayyana azuzuwan. Membobi da hanyoyin suna yiwuwa don azuzuwan. Anan ga samfurin aiwatar da aji.
Ina fatan wannan darasi ya sauƙaƙa muku gwadawa da fahimtar mahimman ra'ayoyi da misalan ɗabi'a a cikin harshen Carbon Google.
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