Teburin Abubuwan Ciki[Boye][Nuna]
Ana kiran jerin umarni ko ikirari azaman shiri. Tsarin shirin C++ ya ƙunshi waɗannan maganganun. Yana yiwuwa a ƙirƙira ƙa'idodi masu inganci ta amfani da yaren shirye-shirye na gaba ɗaya C++.
Azuzuwa, abubuwa, hanyoyi, da masu canjin misali kaɗan ne kawai daga cikin kayan aikin da za a iya amfani da su don rubuta lambar C++.
Don samar da halaye na abu mai daidaituwa paradigm, C++ shirye-shiryen yana dogara ne akan C.
Duk da goyan bayan fasalulluka da yawa, C++ ba gabaɗaya ba ne akan abu harshen shirin.
Ana ɗaukar mahallin duniyar gaske a matsayin abubuwa a cikin shirye-shiryen da suka dace da abu. Ana yin haɓakawa da kiyaye lambar mai sauƙi.
Abubuwan da suka dace da abu na C++ suna sa ya zama mai sauƙi don ginawa da ƙirƙira ƙira mai ƙima.
Bugu da ƙari, an raba tsarin shirin C++ zuwa sashe don daidaitattun ɗakunan karatu, manyan ayyuka, da sashin jiki.
Don haka, wannan post ɗin zai ba mu damar samun cikakkiyar fahimtar tsarin shirin C++.
Tsarin C++ Shirin
An shirya shirin C++ ta hanya ta musamman kuma ta musamman. Shirin a cikin C++ ya kasu kashi uku masu zuwa:
- Sashe na Madaidaitan Laburaren
- main Aiki
- Sashin Jiki
Mu yi nazarin aiwatar da shirin Duniya na Duniya a matsayin misali:
Sashen Standard Library
Shirin yakan ƙunshi nau'o'in ginawa na shirye-shirye, gami da ginanniyar ayyuka, azuzuwan, kalmomin shiga, ma'auni, masu aiki, da ƙari waɗanda aka riga aka ayyana a daidaitaccen ɗakin karatu na C++.
Dole ne a samar da taken da ya dace a cikin aikace-aikacen don amfani da irin waɗannan abubuwan da aka riga aka ayyana. Bugu da ƙari, daidaitattun masu kai suna ba da cikakkun bayanai kamar nau'in bayanai na dindindin, samfuri, ma'ana, da nau'in dawowar ayyukan laburare, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa.
Umarnin mai gabatarwa na musamman wanda aka sani da #haɗa kwafi da liƙa cikakken rubutun fayil ɗin da aka kawo cikin maƙallan kusurwa cikin lambar tushe.
Ana gajarta rafukan shigar da bayanai a matsayin “iostream” kuma madaidaicin fayil ne wanda dole ne a haɗa shi da mai tara C++. Shigar da mai amfani da lambobin nuni suna ƙunshe a cikin wannan umarni.
Kwamitin ma'auni na C++ ya yi gyare-gyare da yawa ga C++ tun farkon harshen. Wani sabon fasalin misalin wannan harshe shine Sunan Suna.
Yana ba da damar haɗa abubuwa da yawa a ƙarƙashin suna ɗaya, gami da azuzuwan, abubuwa, ayyuka, da sauran alamun C++.
Masu amfani daban-daban na iya ƙirƙirar wuraren suna daban. Za su iya amfani da sunaye don ƙungiyoyin da suke kama da haka.
Ta yin haka, za a nisantar kuskuren tattara lokaci ta hanyar rikice-rikice masu kama da suna.
Kwamitin Ma'auni na C++ ya sake tsara ma'auni na ɗakin karatu a ƙarƙashin sunan std.
Ga duk sunayen da ke cikin takamaiman saiti, sararin suna prefix ne da ake amfani da shi. A cikin wannan aikace-aikacen, sunaye biyu-cout da endl-an bayyana su a cikin fayil na iostream.
main Aiki
Aikin farawa da ake kira babban () yana fara aiwatar da shirin C++. Babban aikin shine tushen kowane shirin C++. Duk bayanan C++ da ke buƙatar gudu ana rubuta su a cikin babban aikin ( ).
Duk umarnin da aka haɗa a cikin buɗaɗɗen takalmin gyaran kafa da rufewa” waɗanda ke kewaye da babban jikin lambar ana aiwatar da su ta hanyar tarawa ( ).
An ƙare shirin kuma ana mayar da ƙima zuwa tsarin aiki da zarar an kammala duk umarnin da ke cikin babban ().
A cikin C++, babban () yawanci yana ba tsarin aiki ƙimar int. Saboda haka, bayanin dawowar 0 dole ne ya zo a ƙarshen babban (). Mayar da ƙimar 0 da waɗanda ba sifili ba suna nuna nasara da gazawa, bi da bi.
{yana nuna farkon toshe lambar kuma } yana nuna ƙarshen sa.
Lokacin da software ke aiki da kwamfuta, tsarin aiki yana kiran wannan aikin.
Sashin Jiki
Ana yin nuni da fitar da haruffa ta hanyar gajarta cout, wanda ke nuna duk abin da aka haɗa tsakanin maƙallan <<.
Lokacin da aka haɗa su tare da maƙallin maɓalli, alamun << na iya aiki kamar ayyuka kuma.
An umurci shirin don mayar da ƙima zuwa aikin int main ta amfani da maɓallin dawowa.
Bangaren tsarin aiki wanda ya fara wannan aikace-aikacen yana dawo da ikon aiwatarwa bayan bayanin dawowar.
Lambar ta daina aiki a wannan lokacin.
comments
Mai tarawa yayi watsi da layukan farko na farkon shirin na sama tunda sune sharhi. Shirin yana kunshe da sharhi don kara karantawa.
Idan tsokaci ya yi ƙanƙanta don dacewa da layi ɗaya, ana gabace shi da jerin slash sau biyu a layin farko na shirin.
Idan sharhi yana da layuka da yawa, ana raba su da haruffan /* da */.
Siffofin C++
- Don inganta sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, zaku iya amfani da sabon C++ kuma ku share masu aiki don keɓance ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a hankali yayin shirin yana gudana.
- Ana iya amfani da fitattun dabarun OOPs kamar Abstraction, Gado, Encapsulation, da Gado a aikace-aikacen C++ tunda C++ yana ba da halayen shirye-shirye masu dacewa da abu. Waɗannan fasalulluka suna haɓakawa Lambar C + yafi sauki.
- Tunda yawancin masu tarawa C++ sun yarda da ANSI, C++ na iya ɗauka saboda shirye-shiryen da aka rubuta don tsarin aiki ɗaya na iya gudana ba tare da gyarawa akan wani ba.
- A cikin C++, muna da ayyuka waɗanda ke sauƙaƙa warware matsala zuwa ɓangarorin lambar da za a iya sarrafawa da tsara shirin ta hanyar da za ta haɓaka iya karantawa da sake amfani da ita.
- Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai ƙarfi tana da goyon bayan C++. Ƙwaƙwalwar da aka keɓe za a iya yanta koyaushe. Baya ga C++, wannan harshe kuma yana ba da dabarun sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya masu ƙarfi.
- Kamar yadda lokacin tattara shi da lokacin aiwatarwa gajeru ne, C++ yare ne mai sauri. Hakanan yana ba da babban zaɓi na tsarin bayanai daban-daban, ayyuka, da masu aiki.
- Platforms sun bambanta idan ya zo ga C++. Bayan an faɗi haka, aikace-aikacen C++ na iya gudana akan kwamfutoci da yawa ba tare da wani canji ba.
Kammala shirin C++
Anan akwai madaidaiciyar shirin C++ wanda zai ba ku damar ƙara lambobi biyu kuma ku fahimci tsarin su gaba ɗaya.
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